2022年中考英语考点复习 八年级(下)　Units 1～2（教材知识梳理课件+练习）-2022年《三步冲刺中考•英语》之第1步重课本·理考点（人教版）

八年级(下)

Units1～2重点单词1.matter,stomachache,foot,neck,stomach,throatfever,lie,rest,cough,X-ray,toothache,headache,break,hurt，passenger,off,onto,trouble,hit,herself,bandage,press,sick,knee,nosebleed,breathe,sunburned,ourselves,climber,risk,accident,situation,kilo,rock,knife,blood,mean,importance,decision,control,spirit,death,nurse.2.cheer,volunteer,sign,notice,lonely,several,strong,feeling,satisfaction,joy,owner,journey,raise,midnight,alone,repair,fix,broken,wheel,letter,Miss,disabled,blind,deaf,imagine,difficulty,open,door,carry,train,excited,training,kindness,clever,understand,change重点词组1.haveacold,haveastomachache,liedown,takeone’stemperature,haveafever,takebreaks,getoff,toone’ssurprise,rightaway,getinto,think,twice,expect...to...,waitfor,agreeto...,thanksto...,intime,thinkabout,falldown,beusedto,takerisks(takearisk),runout(of),cutoff,getoutof,beincontrolof,beinterestedin,becauseof,saveone’slife,bereadytodosth.sothat,so...that...,theimportanceof,keepondoingsth.,giveup,havea...,feel...,hurtmy...,felldown,gothitby...,cutoneself2.

cleanup,cheerup,giveout,comeupwith,putoff,handout,callup,usedto,carefor,inthehospital,helptodosth.,letsb.dosth.,help(sb.)out,tryout,byoneself,attheageof,decidetodosth,cometrue,atthesametime,

putup,bebusywith,beworriedabout,raisemoneyfor,fixup,giveaway,takerafter,runoutof,besimilarto,setup,makeadifference,writealettertosb.,thankyoufor...,givesth.tosb.,afriendofmine,beexcitedabout,beableto,atonce

重点句子1.

①—What’sthematter(withyou/him...)? —...have/...has...

②—Do/Does...have....?—Yes,...do/does./No,...don’t./doesn’t.

③—Whatshould...do?—...should/shouldn’t...④—Should....? —Yes,...should./No,...Shouldn’t.2.①I’dliketohelphomelesspeople.

②Youcouldaskhospitalstoletyouvisitthekids...③I’verunoutofit.④

Itakeaftermymother.⑤Ifixupbikesandgivethemaway.重点语法1.①能正确使用“have+(a)+病症”结构谈论健康问题②能正确使用情态动词should/shouldn’t提出恰当建议2.

①

短语动词

②动词不定式口语交际1.能简单谈论事故伤害，急救等问题，并提出简单的建议。2.能向别人提供帮助或提出如何帮助他人的建议。书面表达1.Writeaconversationbetweenanurseandastudentabouthealthandfirstaid.2.wheredoyouwantworkifyouareavolunter?1.What’sthematter?(教材P1图片文字)该句型常用来询问某人发生了什么不愉快的事情或者周围发生了什么事情。用于健康话题时，旨在询问某人哪里不舒服。其后可加介词with,引出询问的对象。拓展延伸：常用于询问疾病、不适的表达还有：What’swrong(with)....?What’sthetrouble(with)...?Whathappened(to)...?

What’sthematter?Point回归教材回归教材2.Ihaveacold.(教材P1图片文字)

haveacold感冒have在此处作及物动词，意为“患病”，可与get或catch互换。cold前可用bad，heavy等词修饰。Becausethetemperaturedroppedsharply,manystudentscaughtabadcold.Point【易错警示】have表示“患病”时，不可用于进行时。回归教材3.Ihaveastomachache.(教材P1图片文字)stomachache

n.胃痛；腹痛

Pointstomachache作名词，由“stomach(胃；腹部)

+ache(疼痛)”构成。Hehasabadstomachachebecauseofeatingtoomuch.tooth(牙齿)+ache=toothache（牙痛）head(头)

+ache=headache（头痛）back(背)+ache=backache（背痛）【拓展延伸】

“人体部位+ache”常表示“……痛”，常见的还有：回归教材4.liedownandrest(教材P22b)

词性

词义过去式

过去分词

现在分词

动词躺；位于laylainlying说谎liedliedlying

名词谎言///lie的用法：回归教材liedown

躺下PointDon’tlietome!=Don’ttellliestome!

Iliedown,relaxandthengetideas.

1....whenthedriversawanoldmanlyingonthesideoftheroad.

(教材P33a)seesb.doingsth.强调看到某个动作正在进行。seesb.dosth.

意为“看到某人做某事”，强调看到整个动作发生的全过程或经常发生。seesb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事Point回归教材IsawTomplayingchesswiththeoldman.IsawJimgointothebankjustnow.2.Hegotoffandaskedthewomanwhathappened.(教材P33a)getoff多指从公交车、火车、飞机等空间较大的交通工具上下来，其反义短语为geton。getoff下车Point回归教材Theygotoffthebusandwalkedaway.Shesaidgoodbyetohermotherandgotontheplane.【拓展延伸】

getin和get

outof指上/下小型交通工具，比如汽车、出租车等。getingetoutofgetongetoff3.Heexpectedmostorallofthepassengerstogetoffandwaitforthenextbus.(教材P33a)expectsb.todosth.预料某人会做某事；期望某人做某事Point回归教材Iexpecttobebackwithinaweek.There’sthedoorbell—Iexpectthatitwillbemymother.【拓展延伸】expect的其他常见用法：expecttexpecttodosth.

预计/期待做某事expect+that从句预料……Ididn’texpecthimtostaysolong.

4.Buttohissurprise,theyallagreedtogowithhim.(教材P33a)agreetodosth.

同意做某事Point回归教材WeagreedtogotoHongKongaftertheexam.【拓展延伸】与agree相关的短语：agreeto主要表示一方提出一项建议、安排、计划等，另一方同意协作。agreewith表示同意某人或某人的意见、想法、分析、解释等（即持同一观点）。agreeon/upon指双方经过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议。5.ThankstoMr.Wangandthepassengers,themansavedbythedoctorsintime.(教材P33a)thanksto

多亏；由于Point回归教材Thankstoothers’help,welivemuchmorehappilythanbefore.【拓展延伸】thanksfor(doing)sth.意为“因（做）某事而感谢你（们）”。Thanksforlendingmeyourumbrella.6.It’ssadthatmanypeopledon’twanttohelpothersbecausetheydon’twantanytrouble...(教材P33a)troublen.

问题；苦恼Point回归教材Iknowyouhavetrouble,butIcandonothingforyou.【拓展延伸】trouble常用短语trouble在此处作不可数名词。getintotrouble陷入麻烦、困境beintrouble处于困境之中havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困难◆用“have/a(n)+疾病名称”表示患病。表示疾病及事故伤害的语言特征

haveafever,haveacough,haveastomachache,getatoothache等。◆用“be/feel+形容词”表示不适，或用“get+动词的过去

分词形式”表示受伤。be/feeltired,be/feelsick,headfeelshot,gethurt,gethitbyaball等。

◆

用动词take/get(以take更为常见）表达诊治。takeone’stemperature,takesomemedicine,take/getanX-ray等。◆用see或goto...表达就医。seethedentist/doctor,gotoadoctor,goto(the)hospital等。

◆用动词“hurt/cut/break+具体部位”等表示伤害。

hurtmyleg,cutherfinger,breakhimarm等。hurt/cut等动词还可接用反身代词进行反指，表示“伤着/切着某人自己了”。hurtmyself,cuthimself等。◆用情态动词should或hadbetter表达建议。

Youshouldliedownandhavearest.He’dbettergotoadoctor.表示反射或强调的代词叫作反身代词。第一、二人称的反身代词由形容词性物主代词加后缀-self或-selves构成，第三人称的反身代词由人称代词的宾格加后缀-self或-selves构成。反身代词的用法反身代词Theyallseemedtobeenjoyingthemselves.Didyouhurtyourselfplayingsoccer?语法概述例句第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myself我自己yourself你自己himself他自己herself她自己itself它自己复数ourselves我们自己yourselves你们自己themselves他（她、它）们自己特例：不定代词one的反身代词是oneself反身代词的构成反身代词可放在及物动词（短语）或介词的后面作宾语，强调宾语和主语是相同的人或物。作及物动词（短语）的宾语，常用于teach,hurt,enjoy,dress,buy,help,lookafter,takecareof等后面。反身代词作宾语Wemustlookafterourselvesverywell.我们必须好好照顾自己。Tomtaughthimselfmath.汤姆自学了数学。12作介词的宾语，常用于by,except,to,for等后面。Marysaidtoherself,“WhatshouldIdo?”玛丽自言自语：“我该怎么办呢？”Theoldmanlivesbyhimselfinthecountryside.这位老人一个人生活在乡下。Ineverthoughtthathehimselfwouldcome.我从来没有想过他会亲自来。Ispoketothemanagerhimself.

我和经理本人谈过了。反身代词在句中通常作名词、代词的同位语，译作“本身；亲自”。反身代词作主语的同位语时，应放在主语之后或句子末尾；作宾语的同位语时，应放在宾语之后。作从句的主语he的同位语作宾语manager的同位语反身代词作同位语反身代词放在be动词,feel,look,seem等系动词后作表语，可以用来描述身体或精神状态。反身代词作表语I’mnotmyselftoday.

今天我感觉不舒服。I’mfeelingmyselfagain.我觉得健康如昔。(all)byoneself独自，单独enjoyoneself玩得高兴；过得愉快foroneself亲自；为自己dressoneself给自己穿衣服helponeselfto…随便吃/用……teachoneself自学loseoneselfin沉浸于hurtoneself伤着自己含有反身代词的一些固定短语反身代词表自身，句中用法可三分。动介后面用作宾，表示动作回自身。句中强调同位语，主语宾语后边跟。巧学妙记反身代词的用法情态动词should意为“应该；应当”，其后接动词原形，且没有人称和数的变化。其否定形式是在should后加not。情态动词should的用法should疑问句：Shouldwegonow?否定句：Youshouldn’t

eatsomuch.陈述句：Youshould

havearest.语法概述例句1.表示征询意见和提出建议情态动词should的用法ShouldIputthebaghere?我应该把包放在这里吗？Weshoulddosportseveryday.我们应该每天做运动。2.表示推测Heshouldbeapoliceman.他应该是一名警察。Sam

shouldbeinthelibrary.萨姆应该在图书馆。3.表示义务或责任Weshouldstudyhard.我们应该努力学习。Youshouldfinishyourhomeworkthisevening.你应该在今晚完成你的家庭作业。4.表示拒绝、愤怒或惊奇等，常用于疑问句或感叹句中。Whyshouldhedothat?他为何做出那种事情？1.Didyoufalldown?(教材P44c)falldown为不及物动词短语，其后不能直接跟宾语。falldownfrom表示“从……摔下”，相当于falloff。falldown

摔倒；摔下Point回归教材Littlebabiesoftenfalldownwhentheyarelearningtowalk.Duringautumn,theleaveschangecolorandfalldownfrom(=falloff)thetrees.1.Runinunderwater.(教材P51a)run在此处作动词，表示“（液体）流动”。

run

v.流淌；流动Point回归教材Waterwasrunningalloverthebathroomfloor.run跑；奔跑管理；经营行驶操作；运转Heisrunningtowardsthedoor.Hehasnoideahowtorunabusiness.BusNo.61runstothecitycenter.Couldyourunthecarforamoment.2.Someonefeltsick.(教材P51b)sick作形容词，意为“生病的；有病的”。sickleave意为“病假”。sick

adj.生病的；有病的Point回归教材Ifyouareunhappy,you’lleasilygetsick.Sheaskedforsickleavebecauseshehadabadcold.【特别提醒】sick和ill都有“生病的”的意思，但sick可以充当定语或表语，而ill通常作表语。Sheisill/sickinbed.Heaskedfortwoweeks’leavetolookafterhissickfather.【拓展延伸】sick还有“恶心；厌倦的”意思。feelsick

感到恶心besickof

厌倦……Assoonastheshipstartedmoving,Ibegantofeelsick.Sheissickofherpresentjob.3.toldhimtorest(教材P51c)tellsb.todosth.

告诉某人做某事Point回归教材tellsb.todosth.为固定结构，其否定形式为tellsb.nottodosth.

“告诉某人不要做某事”。Hetoldmetoleaveanoteonthedesk.Thisstorytellsusnottofoolourselves.1.AronRalstonisanAmericanmanwhoisinterestedinmountainclimbing.(教材P62b)beinterestedin为固定短语，其后可以接名词、代词或v-ing形式作宾语。beinterestedin对……感兴趣Point回归教材LiLeiisinterestedinEnglishandhewatchesBBCNewseveryday.Hewasinterestedinplayingsoccerwhenhewasyoung.2.Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedtotakingrisks.

(教材P62b)beusedto后接名词、代词或v-ing形式作宾语。短语中的be还可以换为get，get强调动作而be强调状态。beusedto习惯于……；适应于……PointI’musedtogettingupearly.Youwillsoonbe/getusedtotheweatherhere.回归教材3.ThereweremanytimeswhenAronalmostlosthislifebecauseofaccident.(教材P62b)becauseof因为Pointbecauseof介词短语后可接名词、代词或v-ing形式作宾语Sarahwaslateforschoolbecauseoftheheavyrain.because连词后接句子Hedidn’tgotoschoolbecausehewasill.becauseof和because的区别回归教材4.Butwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.(教材P62b)runout用尽；耗尽回归教材runout不及物动词短语，其后不接宾语。其主语通常是time,money等无生命的事物。runoutof及物动词短语，后面可以接宾语。其主语通常是人。runout与runoutof两个短语的意思都是“用尽”，但具体用法不同：Hismoneysoonranout.=Hesoonranoutofhismoney.Point14.Butwhenhiswaterranout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.(教材P62b)动词不定式短语作目的状语回归教材本句中的tosavehisownlife为动词不定式短语，在句中作目的状语。动词不定式短语既可位于句首，也可位于句末。如果置于句首，需要用逗号隔开。Thegovernmentissettingupnatureparkstohelpprotectpandas.Todrawmapswell,youneedaspecialpen.Point25.Hewasnotreadytodiethatday.(教材P62b)1)bereadytodosth.在此处意为“准备好做某事”，其同义短语为getreadytodosth.。be强调状态，get强调动作。bereadytodosth.准备好做某事；愿意做某事Point回归教材I’mreadytopickyouup.2)bereadytodosth.还可意为“愿意做某事”。I’mreadytoansweryourquestions.Wearegettingreadyforthecompetition.I’vebeenreadyformakingdinner.【拓展延伸】be/getreadyfor意为“为……做准备”。其中for为介词，其后跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。6.Then,withhisleftarm,hebandagedhimselfsothathewouldnotlosetoomuchblood.(教材P62b)with和in都可表示“用”的意思，其区别如下：with

prep.用；使用Point回归教材with用(工具、手段等）Pleasecuttheapplewithaknife.in用(语言、声音、材料等）PleaseretellthefairytaleinEnglish.语境串记：Youshouldwriteyourhomeworkinink,notwithapencil.7.Thismeansbeinginadifficultsituationthatyoucannotseemtogetoutof.(教材P62b)1)mean在此处作动词，意为“意思是”，其名词形式为meaning，意为“意思”。Whatdo/does…mean?=What’sthemeaningof…?

意为“……是什么意思？”meanv.

意思是；打算；意欲Point回归教材Whatdoesthiswordmean?=What’sthemeaningofthisword?2)mean作动词，还可表示“打算；意欲”。meantodosth.“打算做某事”。Wemeantovisityoutomorrow.8.Hisloveformountainclimbingissogreatthathekeptonclimbingmountainsevenafterthisexperience.(教材P62b)so...that...引导结果状语从句。so为副词，后面常接形容词或副词的原级。so...that...如此……以至于Point回归教材Herunssofastthatwecan’tcatchupwithhim.知识链接：sothat意为“以便；为了”，引导目的状语从句。此时从句中常含有can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情态动词。You’dbettertakethemapwithyousothatyouwon’tgetlost.9.Hisloveformountainclimbingissogreatthathekeptonclimbingmountainsevenafterthisexperience.(教材P62b)keepondoingsth.继续做某事Point回归教材Keeponlearningaslongasyoulive.【拓展延伸】keep的其他常见用法：keep(sb.)doingsth.（让某人）一直做某事keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事keepsb./sth.+adj.使某人/某物保持……状态OurteacherkeptPangpangcopyingwords.Theheavyrainkeptusfromgoingtoschool.Wemustkeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.1.Theboycouldgiveoutfoodatthefoodbank.(教材P91b)giveout在此处相当于handout，是“动词+副词”型短语。giveout分发；散发

Point回归教材Theteacherisgivingoutbookstotheclass.Canyouseethepapersonthedesk?Givethemouttothestudents.【拓展延伸】（1）

giveout的其他含义：①发出（光、热等）Thesungivesoutlightandheattotheearth.②

耗尽；用尽Aftertwohours,herpatiencegaveout.（2）

由give构成的其他常用短语：givegiveaway捐赠；泄露givein屈服giveup放弃giveback归还giveoff发出；放出2.Wecan’tputoffmakingaplan.(教材P102b)putoff通常指会议、活动等未能按预定的时间举行，后面可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。putoff推迟

Point回归教材Wouldyoumindifweputitoffuntiltomorrow?【拓展延伸】

与put相关的短语还有：putputdown

放下；写下put...into投入(时间、心思等）putout熄灭putaway把……放回原处puton穿上；上演；体重增加putup张贴;搭建;举起3.Wecouldeachcallup10studentsandaskthemtocome.

(教材P102b)callup打电话给（某人）；征召Point回归教材Forgivemeforcallingyouupsoearlyplease.(1)callup在此处意为“打电话给（某人）”，是“动词+副词”型短语。Hewascalledupatthebeginningofthewar.(2)callup还可意为“征召”。callcallfor要求；去接（某人）callonsb.

（短暂地）访问callback

回电话callin召来；叫来【拓展延伸】含call的其他常见短语4.Theytolemestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.(教材P102d)usedto表示过去一度存在或经常发生，但现在已经不存在的动作或状态。其后接动词原形，且不与表示过去的时间状语连用。usedto的否定形式是didn’tuseto或usednotto(usedn’tto)。usedto曾经……；过去……

Point回归教材Heusedtobeateacher.Hedidn’tusetowearglasses.=Heusedn’ttowearglasses.【拓展延伸】

beusedtodoingsth.意为“习惯做某事”，to

在此处为介词。Marioisusedtovolunteeringatananimalhospitalnow.5.①Yeah,alotofoldpeoplearelonely.(教材P102d)

②Iwanttotravelalone.(教材P124c)lonelyadj.孤独的；寂寞的

aloneadv.独自；单独Point回归教材

lonely形容词意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，指情感上的孤独，带有伤感的色彩。（①句中用法）意为“荒凉的；偏僻的”，通常用于名词前作定语alone副词意为“独自；单独”，相当于byoneself。（②句中用法）强调没有同伴的客观情况，不含感情色彩。形容词意为“单独的；独自的”，常用作表语。Theoldmanlivesalone,buthedoesn’tfeellonely.Atadarknight,amancametoalonelyvillage.Theboywasveryshy,andhewasaloneallthetime.

lonely形容词意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，指情感上的孤独，带有伤感的色彩。（①句中用法）意为“荒凉的；偏僻的”，通常用于名词前作定语alone副词意为“独自；单独”，相当于byoneself。（②句中用法）强调没有同伴的客观情况，不含感情色彩。形容词意为“单独的；独自的”，常用作表语。6.Weshouldlistentothemandcareforthem.

(教材P102d)carefor照顾；非常喜欢Point回归教材Themothercaredforthesickchilddayandnight.(1)carefor在此处意为“照顾”，相当于lookafter

或takecareof。Hedoesn’tcareforclassicalmusic.(2)carefor还可意为“非常喜欢”，常与not连用。carecarefor照顾；非常喜欢careabout

关心；在意takecare当心；小心takecareof照顾【归纳总结】

与care相关的短语：1.MarioGreenandMaryBrownfromRiversideHighSchoolgiveupsveralhourseachweektohelpothers.(教材P113a)each

det.&pron.各个；每个Pointeach与every，两者均可表示“每个”，但用法不同:each强调个性，着眼于个体。用于单数名词前，谓语动词用单数。用于复数主语后，谓语动词用复数。each

of后接复数名词或代词，谓语动词用单数。every强调共性，着眼于整体。用于单数名词前，谓语动词用单数。不能与of连用。回归教材Eachstudenthasabook.Theyeachhavetenbooks.Eachofushasagift.Everymemberinmyfamilylikesexercising.【特别提醒】each不能与almost,nearly,not等搭配，而every可以。Almosteverycakewassold.Noteverystudentwentonholiday.2.IgetsuchastrongfeelingofsatisfactionwhenIseetheanimalsgetbetterandthelookofjoyontheirowners’faces.(教材P113a)satisfaction

n.满足；满意PointYoursupportandsatisfactionarethebestreplytoourservice.satisfaction

一般用作不可数名词。【拓展延伸】satisfaction的相关词汇：satisfy

v.使满意；满足satisfied

adj.

满意的；满足的satisfaction

n.

满意；满足besatisfiedwith对……感到满意回归教材3.Shecouldreadbyherselfattheageoffour.(教材P113a)byoneself

独自；单独；独立地Hewalkedforawhilebyhimselfinthegarden.Allthestudentsfinishedtheirexercisesbythemselves.byoneself相当于alone或onone’sown。Point1回归教材3.Shecouldreadbyherselfattheageoffour.(教材P113a)Hebecameadoctorattheageof27(=atage27/at27).attheageof

在……岁时attheageof后直接跟基数词，相当于“atage+基数词”或“at+基数词”。Bytheageofsevenhecouldwritebeautifully.【拓展延伸】bytheageof意为“在某岁数之前；到……岁时”。Point2回归教材4.Lastyear,shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.(教材P113a)回归教材Whydon’tyoutryoutforthebasketballteam?tryout参加……选拔；试用（1）tryout在此处意为“参加……选拔”，与介词for连用。Doyouwanttotryoutthisnewproduct?（2）tryout还有“试用”的意思。Point1.I’mmakingsomesignstoputuparoundtheschool.(教材P12)putup

张贴Point回归教材AttheSpringFestival,peopleputup“Fu”ondoorsorwindows.putup建造；搭建【拓展延伸】

putup的其他常用含义：提出(建议等)举起Hewentcampingwithusandtaughtushowtoputupatent.Putupyourhandifyouknowtheanswer.I’dliketoputupanideaforthetask.短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的固定词组或习语（idioms），其作用和动词差不多。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。语法概述短语动词常见短语动词的类型和用法相当于及物动词，后面必须有宾语，且宾语只能位于介词之后。lookafter照顾

lookat看 carefor非常喜欢；照顾thinkabout考虑 agreewith同意 waitfor等待Iagreewithwhatyousaid.Hecaredforhermorethansherealized.动词+介词动词+副词①可看作及物动词，名词作宾语时，可位于动词与副词之间或副词之后；代词作宾语时；只能位于动词与副词之间。②有的也可看作不及物动词。cheerup振奋起来

cleanup打扫干净giveup

放弃putoff推迟takeaway

拿走fixup

修理

turndown

调低；拒绝Thisisanewword.You’dbetterlookitupinthedictionary.It’stoonoisy.PleaseturndowntheTV.=It’stoonoisy.PleaseturntheTVdown.相当于及物动词，宾语位于介词之后。catchupwith赶上 comeupwith想出lookforwardto期望 runoutof用完，耗尽Heworkedhardtocatchupwithhisclassmates.I’mlookingforwardtotheweekend.动词+副词+介词相当于及物动词，名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语位于介词之后。makefunof取笑

makeuseof

利用

payattentionto注意takecareof照顾

makefriendswith与……交往It’simpolitetomakefunofyourclassmate.Wecouldmakebetteruseofourresources.动词+名词+介词Pleaseunderlinetheinfinitivestructures.I’dliketohelphomelesspeople.Shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.Youcouldaskhospitalstoletyouvisitthekidsandcheerthemup.Mariobelievesitcanhelphimtogethisfuturedreamjob.Shevolunteersthereonceaweektohelpkidslearntoread.I’mmakingsomesignstoputuparoundtheschool.I’dliketodoasksb.todovolunteer…todolearntododecidetodohelpsb.todomake…todoletsb.dohelpsb.do动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，有时to可省略。它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。其否定形式为“notto+动词原形”。语法概述动词不定式动词不定式的用法常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：想要拒绝

忘记(want,refuse,forget)

需要

努力

学习(need,try,learn）

选择

同意

帮助(choose,agree,help）希望

决定

开始(hope/wish/expect,decide,begin/start）LilywantstofindajobasanEnglishteacherinBeijing.Hedecidedtohelpthehomeless.动词不定式作宾语常接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：ask,tell,want,teach,wish,help,warn,invite,encourage等。Samaskedmetohelphim.Theteacheralwaystellsusnottoswimintheriver.动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作目的状语，可以放在句首，一般用逗号与后面的内容隔开，也可以放在句尾。Togetthereontime,theystartedearly.动词不定式作目的状语动词不定式作主语时，通常表示一个具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词用单数形式。Toknowoneself

isdifficult.

人能自知，实属不易。动词不定式作主语动词不定式作定语时通常要放在所修饰词之后。Mydutyistolookaftertheanimals.Whowasthefirstonetoarrive?动词不定式作表语动词不定式作定语使用动词不定式需要注意的几个问题不定式（短语）作主语时，常由it代替它作形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。主要有三种情况。（1）Itis+名词+todosth.It’sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.（2）Ittakessb.+sometime+todosth.Ittakesustwohourstofinishthework.

1（3）Itis+形容词(easy,important,difficult,foolish,right,wrong...)(+for/ofsb.)+todosth.Itisnoteasytocatchfishwithyourhandsonly.Itisveryimportantforyoungpeopletomastertwoforeignlanguages.Itiscleverofyoutodothat.使用动词不定式需要注意的几个问题feel,find,make,think等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式放到宾语补足语之后。

2Ifinditnecessarytohavebreakfast.使用动词不定式需要注意的几个问题有一些动词后用作宾语补足语不定式通常不带to，这样的动词主要有三看(see,watch,notice)、三让(let,make,have)、二听(hear,listento)、一感觉(feel)。Didyounoticeherleavethehouse?Isawhergetintothecar.Hisparentsmakehimsweepthefloor.Theteachersoftenhelpus(to)solveproblems.【特别提醒】：动词不定式在help后作宾补时，可带to也可不带to。

31.Itakeaftermymother.(教材P131a)takeafter着重指因有血缘关系而相像，其同义短语是besimilarto。takeafter是“动词+介词”型短语，无论是名词还是代词作宾语，都位于after后面。takeafter（外貌或行为）像

Point回归教材Theboyseemstotakeafterhisfather.【拓展延伸】looklike意为“看上去像……”，多指外貌上像。Lucylookslikeherauntverymuch.2.Igaveitaway.(教材P131a)giveaway是“动词+副词”构成的短语。giveaway赠送；捐赠Point回归教材Therichmangaveawaymostofhismoneytocharity.【拓展延伸】giveaway还有“颁发；泄露”之意。Theheadmastergaveawaytheprizesontheschoolsportsday.Shewouldgivenothingaway.她会守口如瓶。3.Jimmyfixesupbrokenbicycleparts,likewheels.(教材P131d)broken在此处作形容词，可在句中作表语或定语。broken

adj.破损的；残缺的Point回归教材Myrulerisbroken.CanIborrowyours?Couldyouhelpmefixupthebrokenchair?作表语作定语1.I’msureyouknowthatthisgroupwassetuptohelpdisabledpeoplelikeme.(教材P142b)disabled作形容词，thedisable意为“残疾人”，表示复数概念。disabledadj.丧失能力的；有残疾的回归教材Hewasborndisabledbuthedidn’tgiveup.Iworkedasavolunteertohelpthedisabled.【拓展延伸】一些词加否定前缀dis-可以构成它的反义词，如：agree(同意)—disagree(不同意)appear(出现)—disappear(消失)honest(诚实的)—dishonest(不诚实的)Point2.YouhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohaveLucky.(教材P142b)该结构中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语。makeit+adj.+forsb.todosth.使做某事对某人来说……

Point回归教材HishelpmakesiteasyformetolearnEnglish.【拓展延伸】除make外，常用于这种结构的还有think,find等。Ithinkitusefulforustomasteraforeignlanguage.Wefinditdifficultforustofinishthistaskbyourselves.3.Orimagineyoucan’twalkoruseyourhandseasily.(教材P142b)imagine作动词，一般不用于进行时。其用法如下。imagine

v.想象；设想Point回归教材【拓展延伸】imagination作名词，意为“想象力；想象”。imagineimagine+名词/代词想象……imagine(sb.)doingsth.想象(某人)做某事imagine+从句想象Canyouimaginelifewithoutelectricity?Shecouldn’timaginelivinginaplacelikethat.Canyouimaginethatwecouldbuildabeautifulcitywithrubbish?4.Ican’tusemyarmsorlegswell,sonormalthingslikeansweringthetelephone,openingandclosingdoors,orcarryingthingsaredifficultforme.(教材P142b)carryv.拿；提；扛Point回归教材【易混辨析】

carry,take,bring与getcarry拿;