首都师范大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语专业硕士历年真题及详解

目录

2012年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2013年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2014年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2015年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2012年首都师范大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

PartI.ProofreadingandErrorCorrection(1*10POINTS,15MINUTES)

Directions:ThefollowingpassagecontainsTENerrors.Eachnumberedline

containsONEerror,inwhichonlyONEwordisinvolved.Identifyeacherror

andcorrectitinthefollowingway:copythewrongwordonyourANSWER

SHEETandthenwritedownthecorrectone.Makesurethatyouwriteyour

answersontheANSWERSHEET!

【答案与解析】

1．couragement→courage

（“勇气”的表达为“courage”。）

2．crops→crop

（croprotation为固定搭配，意思是“作物轮作”。）

3．than→to

（superiorto为固定搭配，意思是“优于；比……优越”，虽然有比较的意

思，但是不能与than搭配。）

4．exist→existence

（inexistence现有的，为固定搭配。）

5．more→more

（easy的比较级为easier，不能用moreeasier。）

6．the→a

（句意：他首先是一个不知疲倦的好作家。文中并没有提到过关于他

是“writer”的其他事情，因此不能用特指。）

7．completed→complete

（completed强调被动含义，然而文中并不需要强调被动，因此应改为

complete。）

8．discovering→discovered

（这句话用了被动语态，因此discover应该用被动形式。）

9．declaration→Declaration

（DeclarationofIndependence为独立宣言，首字母需大写。）

10．him→his

（完整表达应该是“thetaskofwritingitwashistask”，第二个task可以省

略。）

PartII.Vocabularyandgrammar(1*20POINTS,25MINUTES)

Directions:Fromthefourwordsorphrasesundereachsentence，choosethe

onethatbestsuitstheblankineachsentence.

11．Theexplanationgivenbythecongressmanyesterdaywasnotatall

_____tous.

A.satisfy

B.satisfied

C.satisfactory

D.satisfying

【答案】C

【解析】句意：我们对昨天国会议员给出的解释一点儿也不满意。sth.

besatisfactorytosb.某事令某人满意。

12．Primitivesuperstitionsthatfeedracismshouldbe_____through

education.

A.ignored

B.exalted

C.eradicated

D.canceled

【答案】C

【解析】句意：助长种族主义的原始迷信必须通过教育根除。eradicate

根除，消灭。exalt提升；赞扬。

13．Thelessthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightoftheathlete’s

body,_____tothebody.

A.thestressitisgreater

B.greateristhestress

C.greaterstressis

D.thegreaterthestress

【答案】D

【解析】句意：地表和载满货物卡车的接触面越小，卡车承受的压力就

越大。本题考查的是固定用法“the+比较级，the+比较级”，且根据the

surfaceoftheground可以判断stress前也应该有the。

14．Overaverylargenumberoftrials,theprobabilityofanevent_____is

equaltotheprobabilitythatitwillnotoccur.

A.occurring

B.tooccur

C.occurs

D.occur

【答案】B

【解析】句意：经过大量实验，某件事发生的概率与其不会发生的概率

相同。动词不定式做定语,相当于“thatwilloccur”,与后面的“thatitwill

notoccur”相呼应，表示未发生的事。

15．Sadly,whilethetranslationindustrythrives,thepracticeoftranslation

continuesto_____.

A.stack

B.stage

C.stagnate

D.stamp

【答案】C

【解析】句意：令人遗憾的是，虽然翻译行业蓬勃发展，但是翻译实践

仍然停滞不前。stagnate停滞。stack堆积。stamp跺脚；捣碎。

16．Yourblunttreatmentofdisputeswouldputotherpeopleinanegative

frameof_____withtheresultthattheywouldnotbeabletoacceptyour

proposal.

A.mind

B.idea

C.intention

D.wish

【答案】A

【解析】句意：其他人会因你对纠纷的迟钝处理心情不佳，从而不会接

受你的提议。frameofmind心情。常用inagood/positive/negativeframe

ofmind。

17．Hometo_____andgangsters,high-rankofficialsandlow-wage

laborers,refugeesandartists,thecitywas,initsprime,ametropolisthat

reflectedallthehuesofthehumancharacter.

A.magnates

B.magnets

C.machines

D.magnitudes

【答案】A

【解析】句意：这座城市正处于鼎盛时期，是权贵和歹徒、高级官员和

廉价劳动力、难民与艺术家的容身之处，这座城市是一个反映人生百态

的大都市。magnate大亨；权贵。magnet磁铁。magnitude大小；量级。

18．Her_____behaviormadeeveryonenervous.Shewasalwaysrushingto

opendoorsandapologizingunnecessarilyforanyinconveniencethatshe

mighthavecaused.

A.oblivious

B.observant

C.obsequious

D.obsolescent

【答案】C

【解析】句意：每个人都对她的奉承行为感到不安。她总是抢着开门

你，而且总是为她可能造成的不便进行不必要的道歉。obsequious谄媚

的。oblivious遗忘的。observant善于观察的。obsolescent荒废的。

19．Inordertoobtaintheneededinformation,youshouldwritesimply,

clearly,andconcisely_____thereaderwantstoknow.

A.what

B.That

C.sothat

D.which

【答案】A

【解析】句意：为了得到所需信息，你应该简洁、清楚而又准确地写出

读者们想要知道的。空格处的词既做主句的宾语，又做从句的主语，因

而应选what。

20．Hewascompletely_____byhertaleofhardship.

A.takenaway

B.takendown

C.takenin

D.takenup

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他完全被她的苦难故事所欺骗。takein领会；欺骗。

takedown记下；拆卸。

21．Thegeneral_____everyoneelseforhislackofsuccesswithany

assignedtask.

A.accused

B.blamed

C.complained

D.charged

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查动词与介词的搭配。句意：将军因不能自己完成指定

任务而指责其他每个人。blamesb.forsth.因某事责备某人。accusesb.of

指责某人做某事。

22．Ishall_____thelossofmywalletinthenewspaper,witharewardfor

thefinder.

A.announce

B.publish

C.advertise

D.inform

【答案】C

【解析】此题考查动词词义辨析。句意：我将在报纸上登广告找我的钱

包，捡到者将有奖励。advertise有“(在电视、报刊等)公告、公布”的意

思。

23．Thedesignerwentaheadwithhisunpopularscheme,_____tohostile

criticism.

A.opposed

B.indifferent

C.sensitive

D.unaware

【答案】B

【解析】句意：设计师继续沿用他那不受欢迎的计划，不在乎恶意批

评。indifferentto不在乎。

24．Theteacherwas_____tohistradingofhomeassignmentsandhis

treatmentofoffenders.

A.lenient

B.merciful

C.pitiful

D.sympathetic

【答案】B

【解析】句意：对于他的家庭作业交易和他对待冒犯者的方式，老师的

处理十分仁慈。bemercifulto对……仁慈。besympatheticto对……同

情。lenient仁慈的。pitiful可怜的，令人同情的。

25．Thesnake_____smoothlythroughtheluxuriantgrass.

A.crept

B.crouched

C.strolled

D.glided

【答案】A

【解析】句意：这条蛇顺利地爬过了茂盛的草地。creep爬行；蠕动。

crouch蹲伏。stroll散步。glide滑翔。

26．OnlaborDaytheworkerswillmarchin_____throughthetown.

A.process

B.procession

C.progress

D.procedure

【答案】B

【解析】句意：劳动节那天工人们将排队穿过小镇行进。inprocession

列队。

27．Oneproblemthelocalauthoritieshavetodealwithisthe_____ofthe

thousands

oftonsofgarbagespewedfromhomesandfactories.

A.disposal

B.dispersal

C.disposition

D.disappearance

【答案】A

【解析】句意：当地政府必须处理的一个问题是如何处置来自住宅与工

厂的成千上万吨的垃圾。disposal多指垃圾等的处理。garbagedisposal垃

圾处理。disposition指事务的处理。dispersal散布。

28．Itistheinteractionbetweenpeople,ratherthantheeventsthatoccurin

theirlives,_____themainfocusofsocialpsychology

A.thatis

B.thatare

C.whichis

D.whichare

【答案】A

【解析】本句是一个强调句。句意：社会心理学的主要焦点是人与人之

间的互动，而不是他们生活中发生的事。

29．Oururgetoclassifydifferentlifeformsandgive_____seemstobeas

oldasthehumanrace.

A.usname

B.themname

C.usnames

D.themnames

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我们将不同生命形式进行分类并命名的欲望似乎同人类

历史一样久。

30．_____,hiswifewashappytoseehimback.

A.Aftertraveling4weeksonsea

B.Afterhetraveled4weeksonsea

C.After4weeks’seatraveling

D.Afterhis4weeks’seatraveling

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他在海上航行四周以后回到了家，他的妻子十分开心。

根据句意可知，逗号前后主语不一致，因此逗号前须另带主语，构成独

立主格结构。其中，非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。选

项A和C没有另带主语he，因此不正确。B选项中traveled应改为

traveling。D选项为名词短语作状语。

PartIII.ReadingComprehension(1*30POINTS,80MINUTES)

ThereareFivepassagesinthissection.Readeachpassageandanswerthe

questionsgivenattheendofeachpassage.Pleasewriteyouransweronthe

ANSWERSHEET!

PassageI

Poorpeople—thedestitute,diseaseriddenandmalnourished“bottom

billion”-liveinpoorcountries.Thathasbeenthecentraloperating

assumptionoftheaidbusinessforadecade.

Thethesiswastruein1990:then,over90%oftheworld’spoorlivedinthe

world’spoorestplaces.Butitlooksoutofdatenow.AndySumnerof

Britain’sInstituteofDevelopmentStudiesreckonsthatalmostthree-quarters

ofthe13billion-oddpeopleexistingbelowthe$125adaypovertylinenow

liveinmiddle-incomecountries.Onlyaquarterliveinthepooreststates

(mostlyinAfrica).

Thischangereflectsthesuccessofdevelopingcountriesinhauling

themselvesoutofmisery.In1998theWorldBankclassified61countries

(outof203)aslow-income(meaninganannualincomeperheadoflessthan

$760,inmoneyofthatera).In2009thenumberhadshrunkto39outof220

India,Pakistan,IndonesiaandNigeriaallmovedtomiddle-incomestatus

duringthattime(Chinapassedthethresholdearlier).Butevenexcluding

ChinaandIndia,theshareofglobalpovertyaccountedforbyothermiddle-

incomecountriestripledbetween1990and2008,to22%.Otherfigures

supportMr.Sumner’sfinding.Oftheworld’sundersizedchildren(agood

indicatorofmalnutrition),70%liveinmiddle-incomecountries.

InonesenseithardlymatterstoadestituteNigerianorIndianthathis

countryhasbeenreclassifiedbysomedistantdevelopmentbank.Butitraises

hardquestionsaboutwhetherforeignaidshouldbeforpoorpeopleorpoor

countries.Britain,forexample,hasarulethat90%ofaidissupposedtogoto

thepoorestcountries.Aidcharitiesstronglysupportthatfocus.Theresult,as

taxpayers’moneyrunsscarce,isthatdonorshaveconsignedprogrammesin

middle-incomecountriestoa“bonfire”saysAlexEvans,aformeradviserat

Britain’sDepartmentforInternationalDevelopment.Yetthesearethe

countrieswherethevastmajorityofthepoorlive.

OnSeptember29th,BobZoellickoftheWorldBankcalledforaprofound

“changeinhowweconductdevelopmentresearch”.PresidentBarackObama

wantsarethinkofAmerica’smuddledaidprogramme.Mr.Sumner’sdata

makethatlookoverdue.Poverty,hesays,maybeturningfrombeingan

internationaldistributionproblemintoanationalone.Mostmiddle-income

countries,throughnationalconditional-cash-transferschemessuchas

Brazil’sBolsaFamilia,haveprovedbetterathelpingtheirownpoorthan

anythinginventedandfinancedbytheinternationalaidindustry.Givingis

easy.Thinkingcanbealotharder.

31．Whichofthefollowingwordshastheclosestmeaningto“destitute”in

Paragraph1?

A.miserable

B.impoverished

C.unfortunate

D.disastrous

32．Thefiguresinthefirstthreeparagraphsshow_____

A.developingcountriesnowridthemselvesofpoverty

B.therelationbetweenpoorcountriesandpoorpeople

C.poorpeoplenowdonotliveinpoorcountries

D.althoughmanydevelopingcountriesarenotlistedinlow-incomecountries

asbefore,theyarestillwheremostpoorpeoplelive

33．Whatistheproblemthatexistsintoday’scharityimpliedinParagraph

4?

A.Itishardtotellwhetherforeignaidshouldbeforpoorpeopleorpoor

countries.

B.Foreignaidmaynotgotothemajorityofthepoorpeoplewholiveinthe

middle-incomecountries.

C.Withlesstaxpayers’moneydonorswillabandonsomecharity

programmes.

D.Poorpeopledon’tliveinthepoorestcountries.

34．Thelastparagraphimplies_____

A.it’seasytodonatebutdifficulttoworkoutthebestaidprogrammetohelp

thepoorpeople

B.internationalaidprogrammesshouldbecancelled

C.nationalaidprogrammesarebetterthaninternationalschemes

D.itistoolatetorethinkthemuddledaidprogrammes

35．Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe_____

A.PoorPeopleandPoorCountries

B.ClassifyingDevelopingCountries

C.MeasuringGlobalPoverty

D.GlobalAidProgrammes

【答案与解析】

31．Bdestitute的意思为“穷困的”。impoverished穷困的。miserable悲惨

的。disastrous灾难性的。

32．C根据前三段可知，目前贫困人口有近四分之三生活在中等收入国

家（发达国家）。只有四分之一生活在最贫穷的国家，这一变化反映了

发展中国家摆脱苦难的成功。因此C选项（穷人现在不在贫穷的国家生

活）符合题意。

33．C根据第四段中“Theresult,astaxpayers’moneyrunsscarce,isthat

donorshaveconsignedprogrammesinmiddle-incomecountriestoa

‘bonfire’”可知，随着纳税者的钱减少，导致捐助中等收入国家的方案付

之一炬。C选项意思是“由于纳税人的钱减少，捐赠者将放弃一些慈善项

目。”，符合题意。

34．A根据最后一段最后一句“Givingiseasy.Thinkingcanbealot

harder.”可知，选项A正确。

35．A本文介绍了穷人越来越多地存在与中等收入国家，而不是贫困国

家。由此出现了外国援助应该用于贫困国家还是贫困人口的问题。后两

段介绍了英国和美国对于这一问题的看法。因此A选项“贫困人口与贫困

国家”符合题意。

PassageII

Tomostpeople,vampiresexistinoldstoriesandhorrormovies,notin

reality.However,asistrueformanylegends,thisonemayhaveabasisin

fact.Interestingly,itismodemmedicalscience—notHollywood—thatis

givingvampiresnewlife.

AccordingtoneurologistDr.JuanGomez-Alonso,themonstermadefamous

bythenovelDraculacanbeexplained,atleastinpart,byasimpledisease:

rabies.ExamininghistoricalrecordsfromEurope,Gomez-Alonsodiscovered

thatamajoroutbreakofrabiesstruckEurope’sdogsandwolvesinthe1700s.

Afterreviewingtherecords,henoticedthatreportsofvampirismfrequently

occurredatthesametimeastheanimalinfections.Tothedoctor,this

connectionwasmorethanacoincidence.

Researchingthedisease,Gomez-Alonsofoundsomethingshocking:in

humans,rabiesproducessymptomsthatmirrorthecharacteristicsof

vampires.Forinstance,about25percentofrabidmenareknowntotryto

biteotherpeople,especiallywheninclosequarterswiththem.Inaddition,

rabiesmakesvictimssensitivetostrongstimulation.Asaresult,arabid

personwouldfindsunlightorashinymirrorpainfultosee.(12)Such

symptomsclearlyresemblethelegendaryvampire’sfearofdaylightand

mirrors.(13)Similarly,thestrongscentofgarlic—believedtorepelvampires

—wouldbeagonizingtoarabidperson.

Asrabiesprogresses,sufferersdisplayothersymptomsconsistentwith

vampiretraits.Forexample,rabidpeoplehavethefrighteningtendencyto

baretheirteethandproducebloodyfrothatthemouth.Apersonwiththis

frothingresemblesthepopularimageofthe“undead”creaturewithblood

drippingfromhisfangs.Furthermore,becauseasuffererofrabieswould

prefersilenceanddarkness,hewouldincreasinglybecomemoreactiveat

night.(18)Asaresult,hisappearance—especiallytouneducated,

superstitiouspeople—couldveryeasilybeassociatedwithother“evil”

nocturnalcreatures,suchaswolvesandbats.

Inshort,Gomez-Alonsobelievesthatwhatpeopleinthe1700sthoughttobe

vampirismmightsimplyhavebeenrabies.Thoughwitnessesmisdiagnosed

whattheysaw,thesuperstitionstheycreateddidcontainsometruth.Theidea

thatavampirecouldspreadhisconditiontoothersbybitingthemisaccurate,

sincerabiesiscarriedthroughsaliva.Andifpeoplereallydidwanttoscarea

rabidpersonaway,sunlight,garlic,andshinymirrorscouldactuallywork.Of

course,sowouldthethreatofawoodenstakeintheheart!

36．InParagraph2,theauthorimpliesthatthedoctorbelieved_____

A.rabiescouldmakehumansbecomevampires

B.vampiremonstersdid,infact,existatthistime

C.allreportsaboutrabiesandvampireswerefalse

D.therewasaconnectionbetweenrabiesandthevampirereports

37．TherelationshipbetweenSentences12and13inParagraph3isoneof

_____

A.comparison

B.contrast

C.illustration

D.causeandeffect

38．Accordingtothepassage,bothrabiesvictimsandvampires._____

A.gainpowerfromthemorningsun

B.tendtobaretheirteeth

C.liketopreyonchildrenmorethananyothervictims

D.lovegarlic

39．Theword“nocturnal”inParagraph4means_____

A.daytime

B.tame

C.lively

D.nighttime

40．TheauthorsuggestsinSentence18,Paragraph4that_____

A.peopleenjoyedhavingbatsandwolvesneartheirhomes

B.mostpeopleinEuropewereunafraidofcreaturesthatlivedinthedark

C.ifpeopleweremoreeducatedaboutrabies,thevampirelegendmightnot

havedeveloped

D.mostpeopleinEuropeinthe1700swerehighlyeducated

41．Theauthor’smainpurposeisto_____

A.entertainreaderswithgorydescriptionsofvampiresandtheirvictims

B.persuadereadersthatvampiresstillexistandaretobefeared

C.informreadersaboutthelikelyconnectionbetweenrabiesandvampires

D.introduceDr.JuanGomez-Alonso5sachievements

【答案与解析】

36．D由第二段可知，在欧洲，关于吸血鬼的报道经常与狂犬病爆发的

时间相同。因此其二者之间可能有某种联系，D选项正确。

37．A根据两句之间的连接词“similarly”可知，二者相互对照，因此A选

项正确。

38．B根据倒数第二段，患狂犬病的人与吸血鬼有一些共同的特点，比

如“havethefrighteningtendencytobaretheirteeth”，因此B选项正确。

39．D后面例子中狼和蝙蝠都是夜间活动的动物，因此“nocturnal”的意

思应为“夜间的”。

40．C由（18）句可知，狂犬病人的外表——特别是对未受教育、迷信

的人——很容易与其他“邪恶”夜行动物(如狼和蝙蝠)联系在一起。因此

如果人们受到更多关于狂犬病的教育，吸血鬼传说可能就不会发展起来

了。所以C选项符合题意。

41．C本文介绍了吸血鬼与狂犬病之间的联系，二者的相同症状，指

出“吸血鬼”可能是感染了狂犬病的人。因此C选项正确。

PassageIII

Thecloserelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusicscarcelyneedstobeargued.

Bothareauralmodeswhichemployrhythm,rime,andpitchasmajor

devices;tothesetheoneaddslinguisticmeaning,connotation,andvarious

traditionalfigures,andtheothercanadd,atleastintheory,alloftheseplus

harmony,counterpoint,andorchestrationtechniques.InEnglishthetwoare

closelyboundhistorically.Anglo-Saxonheroicpoetryseemscertainlyto

havebeenreadorchantedtoaharpist’saccompaniment;theverbusedin

Beowulfforsuchaperformance,theFinnepisode,issingan,tosing,andthe

noungyd,song.AmajorsourceofthelyrictraditioninEnglishpoetryisthe

songsofthetroubadours.

ThedistancebetweenthegydinBeowulfandthesongsofLeonardCohenor

BobDylanmayseemgreat,butisoneoftimeratherthanaesthetics.Thelyric

poemasaliteraryworkandthelyricsofapopularsongarebothstill

essentiallythesamething:poetry.Whetherthetitleoftheworkbe

“Gerontion”,or“HoundDog”,ourcriteriaforevaluatingtheworkmust

remainthesame.

Themostimportantprerequisiteforbothasignificantpoemandsignificant

lyricsinapopularsongisthatthewriterisfaithfultohisownpersonalvision

ortothevisionofthepoemheiswriting.Skillandcraftforwritingpoetry

areindeednecessarybecausethesearetheonlymeansbywhichapoetcan

preservetheintegrityofthisvisioninthepoem.Apoetmustnot,either

becauseoflackofskillorbecauseofworshipofpopularity,wealth,or

criticalacclaim,gooutsideofhisownorhisownpoem’svision-onpainof

writingonlythederivativeorthetrivial.Historically,thewritersandsingers

ofthelyricsofpopularsongshaveseemedoftentobeincapableofpersonal

vision,andtohaveconfusedbothoriginalityandmoralitywithaservile

compliancetopopulartaste.

42．Accordingtothewriter,therelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusic

_____

A.canbemadebutinalimitedway

B.isadebatabletopic

C.needstobeacknowledgedmorebypoets

D.isindisputableifyouanalyzehistory

43．TheauthorcitesBeowulfinordertoshowthat_____

A.asonglikeBeowulfcmsoundlikeapoem

B.thedistancebetweensongandpoetryisnotsogreat

C.songsgenerallyevolveintopoetryovertime

D.Englishpoetryishighlyconnectedtosongs

44．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Thedifferencesbetweenpoetryandsonglyricshavebeenoverstated.

B.Songlyricsandpoetrymustbetreatedanalyticallyasthesame.

C.Thelyricsofasongarenodifferentfromthelyricsofpoetry.

D.Itistheaestheticsthatisdifferentinmostpoemsandsonglyrics.

45．Apoemorasongcanbesignificantwhen_____

A.thewriterhasapersonalvisionofthepoemorsong

B.itisdonebyafaithfulwriter

C.itiswrittenwithinthevisionofthepoem,song,poetorsongwriter

D.thewriteriswillingtogooutsideofthevision

46．Theauthorfocuseson_____inthepassage.

A.theshared,mostimportantevaluationcriteriainsongwritingandpoetry

B.theoriginsofsongsandpoems

C.howtoevaluateapoemandasong’svaluefromalyricalstandpoint

D.thedifferencebetweengoodpoetryandsongsandmediocreones

【答案与解析】

42．D根据文章第一段，“Thecloserelationshipbetweenpoetryandmusic

scarcelyneedstobeargued.”因此诗歌与音乐自古就密不可分。D选项正

确。

43．D本文第一段从历史角度说明诗歌与音乐密切相关，其中，举《贝

奥武夫》的例子是为了说明本段主题，即英国诗歌与歌曲联系紧密。因

此D项为正确答案。

44．B从第二段“Thelyricpoemasaliteraryworkandthelyricsofa

popularsongarebothstillessentiallythesamething:poetry.”可知，诗歌与

歌曲的歌词本质相同。因此B项为正确答案。

45．C由第三段第一句可知，有意义的诗歌和流行歌曲的歌词二者最为

重要的前提都是，作者忠于自己的审美或者所写诗歌的境界。因此C项

为正确答案。

46．A本文介绍了诗歌和音乐之间的密切关系，主要涉及二者共同的重

要评价标准。因此A项为正确答案。

PassageIV

Conmenmayoutsmartpeople,buttheyhavelittleoriginality.Theyusually

relyonwell-establishedconsknownfortheirsuccessintrickinggullible

people.“TheShellGame”and“theSpanishPrisoner”aretwooldconfidence

tricksthathavebeenupdatedbyconmeninthemodemworld."

CreatedintheMiddleAges,“theShellGame”isusedtotrickpeopleinto

foolishlybettingtheirmoney.First,theconmanputsapeaunderoneofthree

shells.Hethenmovestheshellsaroundinasimplefashion,andasksa

bystanderwhichshellthepeaisunder.Theanswerseemsobvious.However,

whiletheconmanisasking,heskillfullymovesthepeatoadifferentshell.

Whenthebystanderlosesmoney,severaloftheconman’scollaborators,or

shills,showthebystanderthatwinningis“easy,”andthatheshouldcontinue

tobetuntilhemakesmoney.Amodernizedversionofthissametrick,called

the“ThreeCardMonty,”isnowperformedwithfacecardsallaroundthe

world.Theonlydifferenceisthatinthisversion,thevictimisaskedtofind

theQueencardinsteadofapea.

“TheSpanishPrisoner”isaconfidencetrickthatreliesonabystander’s

greed.Inthetraditionaltrick,aconmanapproachesastrangerandtellshim

ofadesperatesituation.AverywealthymanhasbeenimprisonedinSpain

underafalsename,hesays.Ifthestrangercanmaintainsecrecy,hewillbe

allowedtocontributemoneytowardstheprisoner’sreleasewhichwillresult

inaveryhandsomereward.Ofcourse,afterthegulliblevictimpresentsthe

money,theconmantakesoffandisneverheardfromagain.Amodem

versionofthistrickcalledthe“NigerianMoneyTransferCon”solicits

victims’helpthroughmasse-mails.Peopleareaskedtodepositmoneyinto

anaccountthatwillbeusedtofreetheassetsofawealthyforeignerand

resultinalargereward.Onceavictimresponds,heorshemaybestrung

alongandaskedtomakecontinueddepositsintotheaccountuntilthevictim

cannotorwillnotmakeanyfarthercontributions.Needlesstosay,the

depositedmoneyalwaysdisappears,alongwiththeconman.

47．Theword“gullible”inSentence2means______

A.unoriginal

B.stupid

C.overlytrusting

D.educated

48．Thepassagesuggeststhatthereasonthebystanderlosesat“theShell

Game”is______

A.theconmanmovestheshellsaroundsorapidlythatthebystandercan’t

followtheirmovements

B.thebystandertakeshiseyesofftheshellstolookattheconmanashe

speaks

C.oneoftheconman’sshillssecretlymovesthepeatoanothershell

D.theconmanneverputsapeaunderashellinthefirstplace

49．Thereasonthatabystanderwillcontinuetobetmoneyin“theShell

Game”isthat______

A.theconman’scollaboratorsconvincethebystanderthathewillwinifhe

keepsplaying

B.ifsfuntoplayagameofskill,whatevertheoutcome

C.theoddsareagainsthimlosingallthetime

D.theconmanencourageshimtokeepplaying

50．Wecaninferthatthosewhocheatpeopleareoftencalledconmen

because______

A.manyofthemareformerconvicts

B.thetrickstheyuseinvolvegainingtheconfidenceoftheirvictims

C.theyoftenhavecontemptfortheirvictims

D.theyusuallyengagetheirvictimsinconversationbeforecheatingthem

51．Theauthor’sattitudetowardthevictimsofconmenseemstobeoneof

______

A.compassion

B.forgiveness

C.scorn

D.indifference

52．Onthebasisofthispassage,wecaninferthatwell-establishedcons

continuetobesuccessfulbecause______

A.peopleliketoparticipateinactivitiesthathavealongtrackrecord.

B.somepeopledon’tmindbeingtrickedaslongastheyareentertainedinthe

process.

C.somepeoplealwaysbelievethattheycanoutsmartacheater.

D.therewillalwaysbegreedyandgulliblepeopleintheworld,aswellas

peopletotakeadvantageofthem.

53．Whichstatementbestexpressesthecentralpointofthepassage?

A.Someconstakeadvantageofthedesireofpeopletohelpwealthy

foreigners.

B.Modemconmenusuallyrelyonversionsofwell-establishedconstotrick

gulliblepeople.

C.Gulliblepeoplehaveonlythemselvestoblameforfallingvictimto'Three

CardMonty”andthe“NigerianMoneyTransferCon.”

D.Throughouthistory,somepeoplehavesucceededinoutsmartingothers.

【答案与解析】

47．C根据句意可知，骗子通常欺骗容易轻信别人的人。overtrusting意

思是轻信的，即易于欺骗的。因此C项正确。

48．B根据第二段中“whiletheconmanisasking,heskillfullymovesthe

peatoadifferentshell”可知，骗子是自己移动豌豆的，而不是其同伴。

旁观者输掉的原因是听骗子说话时将眼睛从贝壳上移开。

49．A文章第二段“Whenthebystanderlosesmoney,severalofthecon

man’scollaborators,orshills,showthebystanderthatwinningis‘easy’”说明

骗子的同伴会向旁观者证明赢很容易，以此让他继续玩下去。因此A符

合题意。

50．B根据第一段最后一句中的“oldconfidencetricks”可知，这些骗术是

利用了受害者对于游戏结果的自信，因此B选项符合题意。

51．D本文作者客观地介绍了几种骗术即骗子的骗人方法，并没有对受

害者表示同情、原谅或者责备，因此D选项符合题意。

52．D根据全文可知，骗子总是成功的原因是世界上总有贪婪和容易轻

信别人的人。因此D选项正确。

53．B本文主要介绍了几种古老的骗局及其现代形式，因此B选项“现在

的骗子总是依靠已经成熟的骗局来欺骗容易轻信他人的人。”正确。

PassageV

WithtradeimbalanceshelpingmakebillionairesofmorethanafewChinese,

businesspageshavebeenabuzzwiththepromiseofatleastoneAmerican

exporttoChina:philanthropy.

WarrenBuffettandBillGatesarevisitingChinathisweektocoax

commitmentstocharityoutoftheirChinesecounterparts.TheAmericans

willbeinChinato“spreadthewordthatit’sgoodtogive,”saidahoston

America’sNationalPublicRadio.Thevisit“underscoreswhatexpertssayis

therelativelyimmaturestateofphilanthropyinChina,”wehearfromthe

AssociatedPress.

Infact,Mr.BuffettandMr.Gatesmightaswellbebringinggunpowderand

fireworkstoChina.

TherelativelysmallamountofcharitablegivinginmodemChinaisan

aberrationinthelongersweepofChinesehistory.InlateimperialChina,

bridges,ferriesorschools—whatamodempersonmightseeaspublicor

civicfacilities—wereoftenrunwithcharitablelandorcashendowmentsset

upbylocalnotables.Villagesocial-welfare-intheformofclinics,refugee

sheltersorsoupkitchens—wasoftenpaidforandmanagedbyprominent

residenthouseholds.

China’smogulsoftheimperialperiodtradedinsalt,whichlikeMicrosoft

softwarewasessentialfortheimperialeconomy,usedforeverythingfrom

cooking,preservingandpicklingfoodstotea,leather,paint,medicineand

fireworks.

Extraordinaryprofitsweremadebythemenwithimperiallicensestodealin

salt,andthismoneywasconsistentlypouredbackintotempleorbridge

constructionandevenintodisaster-reliefoperations.

Thesepublic-spiritedfigurescameintheformofLiSixian,whowasoneof

severalsojourningsaltmerchantsinruralnorthChina’sCangCounty

creditedinalocalhistorywithmajorcharitableactsina50-yearstretchof

the17thcentury.

Localofficialhistories,boundwithstring,brittleandyellowed,aretrovesof

informationonChina’scharitablepast.Accordingtooneofthese,Lispent

1,000goldcoins—afortuneatthetime—onfaminereliefin1639,“saving

countless”ofthestarving,whileWeiQijie,thesonofanothersojourning

merchant,wassaidtohavedonated10,000goldcoinstofeedandclothe

thousandsduringadroughtin1688

Saltprofitsalsomeantanunconscionablewealthgapbetweenanaverage

laborerandthesemerchants,whoearnedsomehundredthousandtimesmore

inannualincome,aratioakintotheincomedisparitiesintoday’sleading

billionaire-producingnations:theUnitedStatesandChina.

OnevestigeoftraditionalChinesegivingthathassurvivedthe20thcenturyis

aidwithinfamilies.Wherelineageswerestrong,particularlyinthesouth,

charitableestateslongprovidedtheschoolingandhealthcareofpoorer

membersofextendedfamilies,whichcouldcompriseanentirecommunity.

WhyissolittleknownofChina’scharitablepast?Thebuckmuststopatthe

desksofhistorians,whohavelargelyfailedtoproperlystudyandreporton

thisvastphilanthropiclegacy.

Chinesescholarshipha