Unit+1+Science+and+Scientists+Using+Language+(II)+课件【知识精讲精研】高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Unit1Period4UsingLanguage(Ⅱ)Writeaboutwhatmakesagreatscientist新课导入Whatmakesgreatscientists?

commoncharacteristicscautiouspersuasivestrictpositiveco-operativecreativebrightenthusiastic1.通过阅读，分析伟大科学家的优秀品质，学习文章的结

构、语言特点以及写作技巧；2.能学会写一篇关于科学精神的文章。课堂学习Pre-readingDoyouknowwhoheis?ascientistworkedinthemissile(导弹)andspaceprogramsleadtheChineserocketprogramthe"FatherofChineseRocketry"or"KingofRocketry"QianXuesenDoyouknowwhoheis?aphysicistwonCBEBritishEmpireCommanderMedal获得了大英帝国司令勋章ABriefHistoryofTime,blackholesandrelativityoneofthegreatmenofthe20thcenturyStephenHawkingThetextismainlyabout________________________________________________________________________________Lookatthepicturesandthetitle,Guesswhatthecontentofthetextis.thebriefintroductionofQianXuesenandStephenHawking.Readthetextsanddecideifthestatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1While-reading1.Qianchangedhismajorbecauseofashiftinpersonalinterest.2.Qian’sstronginterestinarthasapositiveimpactonascientist’sdevelopment. 3.WhenHawkingwasyoung,almosteveryonebelievedthattheuniversebeganwithabigbang.4.BecauseHawkingwasdetermined,hewasabletosucceedeventhoughhewasill. Answerthequestionsbelowusingtheinformationfromthetexts.21.WhywasQiancalled“thefatherofChina’saerospace”?2.HowwasHawking’sowntheoryprovencorrect?BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhourocketscanalsobetracedbacktoQian’sresearch.Hisowntheorywassoonprovenbyastronomerswithtelescopes.Post-readingStudythelanguageandstructure.1.Underlinethelinkingwordsandphrasesinthepassages,anddescribetheirfunction.Someofthemostimportantlinkingwordsandphrasesare:However,aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932,...Atthattime,Chinawaspooranditsrocketsciencewasundeveloped.Nevertheless,Qiandidnotletthatdiscouragehim...BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhourockets...However,whatmighthavemadehimsuchanoutstanding..Ingeneral,thereweretwomaintheories...Besidesbeingbrilliant,hewasbrave,...Furthermore,hewasquitedetermined.Aboveall,Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.Theseservetolinkelementsinthe

passagesandbringgreatercohesionandlogicalflowtoit.2.Whatisthefunctionofeachparagraphinthepassages?HispersonalhistoryandaccomplishmentsPara.2-5Hisdeathandpeople'sappreciationofhimIntroductionHispersonalityTextOne:TheFather

ofChina'sAerospacePara.1Para.6Para.7HisclaimtofamePara.2IntroductionCharacteristicsthatmadehimgreatTextTwo:AWorldofPureThoughtPara.1Para.33.FindWordsthatdescribethepersonalitiesofthescientists.Howdothestoriesaboutthescientistshelpillustratethesepersonalities?QianXuesenamanwith"greatscientificthoughtandscientificspirit"whowaspatrioticandservedhishomelandwitheffort,achievement,anddevotion;apioneer;didnotletthatdiscouragehim;determined;anoutstandingandcreativescientist;deepappreciationforartStephenHawkingbrilliant;brave;sometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid;willingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay;dreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout;quitedetermined;willingtoadmithisfaultsLanguagepoints1.【教材原句】Perhapsnoother

scientisthashadagreaterimpactonChina’saerospacesciencethanQianXuesen.也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。

【词汇精讲】句中no...greater..

than为“否定词+形容词/副词比较级+than”结构，表示最高级。【归纳拓展】表示最高级意义的其他常见结构：never+比较级...nothing/no+so+原级+as

...nothing/no+比较级+than

...

any+单数名词

anyother+单数名词

all（the）other+复数名词

anyoneelse

anyoftheother+复数名词

therestof+复数名词或不可数名词

比较级+than+完成句子1.Tomismoreintelligentthan_________________________students

inhisclass.汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。anyotherstudent/alltheother2.【教材原句】Describedby

theauthorsoftheStoryofQianXuesenasamanwith“greatscientificthoughtandscientificspirit”whowaspatrioticand

servedhishomelandwitheffort,achievement,anddevotion,Qianwasanextremelywell-respectedman.钱学森备受人们的尊敬，《钱学森的故事》一书作者称他是一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且热爱祖国、甘于奉献、成就斐然。【句式分析】DescribedbytheauthorsoftheStory

of

Qian

Xuesenasaman

with“greatscientificthoughtandscientificspirit”

whowaspatrioticandservedhishomelandwitheffort,achievement,anddevotion,

Qianwasanextremelywell-respectedman.

过去分词短语作状语

主句

定语

定语从句

【归纳拓展】-ed分词用作状语时，跟-ing分词作状语时一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间、条件、原因和伴随状况等。-ed分词结构作状语，前边往往可以加when，while，if，asif，though。这时，我们可以把-ed分词结构理解为一个省略句，即省去了“主语和be的变化形式”。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。如果-ed分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，-ed分词短语的逻辑主语则需要用一个独立结构或者用一个由with/without等引导的介词短语表达出来。如：3.However,aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeout①in1932,QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefend②thecountry.然而，在1932年“淞沪会战”爆发后，钱学森决定转学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要拥有自己强大的空军来保卫国家。【句式分析】However,aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin，QianmadethedecisiontoQianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviation

becauseherealised

thatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.

时间状语从句

主句

原因状语从句

宾语从句

①【词汇精讲】breakout（战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发【词汇拓展】breakin

强行进入；打断

breakthrough

突破；冲破breakup

破碎；解散；分手

breakoff

断开；中断；停顿breakawayfrom

逃脱；脱离

breakinto

强行闯入；突然开始breakdown

出故障；垮掉【温馨提示】breakout，happen，occur，takeplace等动词（短语）表示“发生”，是不及物动词用法，没有被动语态。(1)Hiscarbroke______onthewaythisafternoonwhenheheadedtothehospital.down②【词汇精讲】defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解【词汇拓展】defend...against/from保卫……免受……defendoneself为自己辩解/辩护defencen.防御；保卫indefenceof为保卫……，为……辩护inone’sdefence/cometoone’sdefence为某人辩护

defensiveadj.防御性的；自我保护的4.【教材原句】Hereceivedahero’swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeof①

notonly②developingChina’srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，而且负责中国的太空和导弹计划。①【词汇精讲】inchargeof主管；掌管【词汇拓展】takechargeof掌管/负责……

inthechargeof受……的管理；由……负责freeofcharge=forfree免费chargesbforsth为某物向某人收取费用chargesbwith(doing)sth控告某人(做)某事【温馨提示】inchargeof多以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”；inthechargeof多以物作主语，指“某物由某人掌管”。类似的还有：inpossessionof,inthepossessionof;incontrolof,inthecontrolof。②【句式分析】notonly…butalso连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词要根据butalso后的名词决定单、复数(就近原则)。notonly…butalso连接的是两个并列的句子，则要求前句采用部分倒装，后句无须倒装。部分倒装就等同于对该句进行一般疑问句的变化，即把该句所含的be动词/助动词/情态动词提前，其中的also有时可以省略。5.【教材原句】Whenasked“CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles?”,hisreplywasadetermined“Whynot?...”当被问到“我们中国人能制造导弹吗？”他的回答是坚定的“为什么不能？……”。【句式分析】Whenasked...是省略句，省略了从句的主语和be动词，句子补全为：Whenhewasasked...。状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。【归纳拓展】以下结构中，主语和be动词也可以省略1.连词+形容词As(hewas)young,helearnedhowtorideabike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。2.连词+名词Although(hewas)afarmer,nowheisafamousdirector.尽管他曾是个农民，现在他是位著名的导演了。3.连词+V-ingAlthough(heis)doinghisbestinmathsthesedays,hehasstillgotnogoodmarks.尽管近来他一直在努力学数学，但他仍然没有取得好成绩。4.连词+过去分词Hewon'tgotherewithusunless(heis)invited.除非受到邀请，否则他不会和我们一起去那里。5.连词+不定式Hestoodupasif(hewere)tosaysomething.他站起来好像要说什么。6.连词+介词短语Shelookedanxiousasthough(shewas)introuble.她看上去很焦急，好像遇到了麻烦。6.【教材原句】UnderQian’sleadership,ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles，followedbythefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets.在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。【句式分析】过去分词（短语）作定语（1）单个的过去分词作定语时，常放在被修饰词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，常放在被修饰词之后。e.g.Itisnothealthytoeatcannedfood.吃罐装食品不健康。e.g.Theproblemmentionedattheconferenceneedsconsidering.会上提到的问题需要考虑。（2）及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语没有被动意义，只表示完成。e.g.Hisfatheroncewasarespectedastronaut.他的父亲曾是一位受人尊敬的宇航员。e.g.Thegardenerbegantopileupthefallenleaves.园丁开始把落叶堆起来。（3）过去分词（短语）作定语时，相当于一个定语从句。e.g.Theworksshownattheexhibitionarepriceless.=Theworkswhich/thatwereshownattheexhibitionarepriceless.展览会上展出的作品是无价之宝。

【学法点拨】(1)个别单词的过去分词，如shown，adopted，left，given，involved，wanted，gained，concerned等也可作后置定语。e.g.Heplannedtousethemoneylefttobuyasecond-handmotorbike.他打算用剩下的钱买一辆二手摩托车。(2)过去分词修饰something，everything，anything，nothing，nobody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。e.g.Ifyouhavesomethingwanted，Iwillbuyitforyou.如果你需要什么东西，我可以买给你。7.【教材原句】However,whatmighthavemade

him

such

an

outstanding

and

creative

scientistwasprobablyhisstronginterestinotherthings,suchasmusicanddrawing.然而，使他成为如此杰出和富有创造力的科学家的原因可能是他对其他事物的浓厚兴趣，比如音乐和绘画。【归纳拓展】“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、不带to的不定式或过去分词。如果宾语本身比较复杂，可用“makeit(形式宾语)+名词/形容词+todo(that)从句(真正的宾语)”结构。makesbdo的被动形式为sbbemadetodo。【温馨提示】在“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，除了动词make之外，feel,find,think,consider也可有此用法。8.【教材原句】Aboveall，Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。【词汇精讲】aboveall最重要的是；尤其是【归纳拓展】afterall终究，还是；毕竟，别忘了

（not）atall一点也（不），完全（不）allinall总的来说，总而言之inall总共，合计

firstofall首先，第一WritingWriteanessayaboutthescientificspirit.41.Ingroups,discusssomestoriesaboutgreatscientists.2.Usingthesestoriesasabasis,discussthefollowingquestions:Apartfrombeingclever,whatarethemostimportantpersonalqualitiesascientistmusthavetobesuccessful?Howdothesestoriesillustratethescientificspirit?写作指导如何记述科学家的科学精神科学家的科学精神是包含在高中生基础写作中一种任务话题。它涉及对科学家的简介、取得成就的原因、科学精神的体现或描述、自己受到的激励或启发等。要注意其文体应该是记叙文或夹叙夹议,同时还要注意人称的一致和时态的合理使用。基本内容：1.age,sex,birth-place,background(概况)2.appearance,character(外表、性格)3.education(教育背景)4.bigeventsinhisorherlife(inorderoftime)(经历、生平)5.evaluation(评价)OutlineBriefintroductionPersonalityandqualitiesInspirationCommentsage,birthplace…Usespecificdetails;GiveexamplesNowworkbyyourself,towriteanessayaboutthescientificspirit.Exchangeyourdraftwithapartner.Usethischecklisttohelpyourevisethedraft.Thentakeyourdraftbackandreviseitusingyourpartner'scomments.5✔Doesthewriterexplainclearlythepersonalqualitiesthatmakeupthescientificspirit?✔Doesthewritergiveexamplesfromthe