（初升高）高一英语衔接班第7讲-阅读理解（二）

（初升高）高一英语衔接班第7讲——阅读理解（二）1一、学习目标：了解高中阅读理解题的特点，掌握应对不同题目的做题技巧，提高阅读能力。二、学习要点：了解阅读理解题型中推理判断题的特点，掌握做题技巧。了解阅读理解题型中猜测词义题的特点，掌握做题技巧。三、课程精讲：（一）重点知识讲解一）阅读理解题的答题步骤1）先看问题，再读文章。2）细读全文，认真推敲。3）复读全文，验证答案。二）做阅读理解题的注意事项：1）所选有据，避免主观。2）符合原文的答案＝正确答案≠最佳答案。3）解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。阅读的目的不仅在于读懂原文字面上的意思，还要求在理解原文观点的基础上，领悟作者的言外之意（learntoreadbetweenthelines）。《考试大纲》要求考生在做此类型题时能作出简单判断和推理、能理解作者的意图和态度。这一能力要求常常通过对文章的推理来考查。这类题要求我们由“已知的”去推断“未知的”，属于一种深层次的理解。上节课我们介绍了前3种类型，下面来看第4，5种类型：4.推理判断题常见的提问形式有：Thepurposeofthepassageisto…Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat…Theauthorsuggeststhat…Thestoryimpliesthat…Thewriter’sattitudetowards...is…Thepassageisintendedto…Intheauthor’sopinion…答题方法：在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章的结构，根据上下文之间的内在联系，推断文章的深层含义。对于隐含在字里行间或者流露于文章修饰词语中的人物的行为动机、事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、态度、观点、意图等要依据文章的主题思想进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。1）写作意图题。有些文章的作者不点明自己的写作意图，而让读者自己去体会，这种情况多出现在记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章中。例：ALBANY,NewYork—Studentswhorelyonworkingatnighttoimprovetheirgradesmightwanttosleeponthatstrategy:anewsurveyintheU.S.saysthosewhoneverstudyallnighthaveslightlyhighergradesthanthosewhodo.Asurveyof120studentsatSt.LawrenceUniversityfoundthatstudentswhohaveneverpulledanall-nighteronaveragehavehighergradesthanthosewhohave.Thesurveyfoundthosewhodidnotstudythroughthenighthadagradepointaverageof3.2comparedto（与……比较）2.95forthosewhohave.Thepurposeofthepassageistotellus____.A.thebadeffectsofpullinganall-nighterB.pullinganall-nighterleadstosleepproblemsC.doubtsaboutall-nightersD.all-nightershurtstudents’grades答案：D2）态度倾向题。作者的态度倾向往往隐含在文章中，而不会明确说明，因此态度倾向题也是比较有难度的推理判断题型。例：TheNBAnowhasaseriousimageproblemmorethananyothersport.Asit’sbeenforyears,whitesmakeupamajority(大部分)ofthefans;blacksmakeupamajorityoftheplayers.TheNBAhasthepotentialtobeabridgebetweencultures,awaytobringbothsidestogetherincheeringsomeofthebestathletesofanycolor.Butit’safragilebridgeindeed,whereeveryblackorwhiteelementapparentlyforcesoutitsethnic（种族的）opposite.Andit’snothardtoimagineatimewhennobodywillbeinterestedincrossingover.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheNBAculturecouldbedescribedas____.A.supportive B.doubtful C.critical D.neutral答案：C3）细节推断题。细节推断是根据文章中所阐述的细节，运用基础知识进行分析、推敲，从而选出符合文章原意结论的一种推断方法。例：Inmanycountriesthestandardoflivingenjoyedbytheirpeoplehadincreasedrapidlyinrecentyears.Sadly,noteveryoneinthesecountriesissofortunateandmanypeopleinrichcountriesarehomeless.Thereasonsforhomelessnessarevarious,butpoverty（贫穷）isundoubtedlyoneofthemaincauses.Thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenunabletopaytheirrentandsonolongerhavearoofovertheirheads.Often,thefactthatunemployed（失业）peoplegethelpfromthegovernmentpreventsthisfromhappening,butnotalways.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat____.A.youwillnotfindhomelesspeopleincountrieswithahighstandardofliving.B.thementalillliveonthestreetbecausetheywantthecompanyofotherhomelesspeopleC.theunemployedwhoreceivehelpmaystillbeamongthehomelessD.povertyisoneofthemainreasonforhomelessness答案：C4）预测想象题。根据文章内容，把握作者的写作思路，对事件可能出现的结局或后文可能涉及的内容等进行科学、合理的预测。例：…Completingacollegeapplicationcantakesometime.Butansweringallthequestionsisnotenough.Anotherimportantstepistakingadmissionstests.TheSATisthecollegeentrytestthatAmericanhighschoolstudentsmostcommonlytake.AnotheroneistheACT.CollegesanduniversitiesmayalsorequireinternationalstudentstotaketheTOEFL(theTestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage).Whatwilltheauthormostprobablytalkaboutnext?A.SAT B.ACT C.FSS D.TOEFL答案：D5.猜测词义题在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词，许多同学会立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度，进而影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。常见的提问方式有：Theword“…”inparagraph…canbebestreplacedby…Theunderlinedword“…”mostprobablymeans…Bysaying“…”,theauthormeans…Theexpression“…”isclosestto…Theunderlinedpart“…”(inPara.…)means…①根据定义、解释和叙述猜测词义。例：（浙江卷）Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today.②根据因果关系猜测词义。例：a)Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots（嫩芽）,oryoungleaves.b)Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.Theword“presumptuous”inthemiddleofthepassageisclosestinmeaningto“”.A.fullofrespect B.tooconfidentandrudeC.lackinginexperience D.tooshyandquiet答案：B。③根据搭配和内在逻辑关系猜测词义。（对比、比较）例：a)Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.b)Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”(paragraph1)probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialists B.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble D.ademandmadebyguests答案：C。④通过构词法猜测词义例：a)Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?b)It’saquiet,comfortablehoteloverlooking(俯瞰)thebayinanuncommercializedCornishfishingvillage.c)Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well–designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward（别扭的）handpositions.（二）即学即练1.HereisThePines,whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascaribou,wildboar,andreindeerwithsurprisingsauces.Accordingthepassage,ThePinesisa.A.placeinwhichyoucanseemanymobilehomesB.mountainwhereyoucangetagoodviewofthevalleyC.townwhichhappenstobeneartheBanffNationalParkD.restaurantwhereyoucanaskforsomespecialkindsoffood2.…Technologygreatlyinfluencesourstandpointonhowfastwethinkeverythingneedstobedone.Ifyouputadollarinthesodamachine,youexpectthebottletomoveforwardandfalldowntothebottom.Youcan’tcounthowmanytimesyou’vesmackedthemachineifitwenttooslowforyourexpectations.Youwantedinstantresults,immediatefulfillment.…Theunderlinedword“smacked”intheparagraphprobablymeans____.A.clapped B.hit C.kicked D.pushed3.Whentheyoungwaitressnearmyhousestartedsayinghellotomeeveryday,Iwasveryhappy.ShewasatleastfifteenyearsyoungerthanI.Onedayshesignedmetocomenear.WhenIwalkedover,sheasked,“Areyousingle?”“Why,yes.”Ianswered,smilingatherhappily.“Soismymother.”shesaid,“Wouldyouliketomeether?”Thewritertalkedaboutthewaitress’agebecausehethought___________.A.shewasyoungB.itapleasuretomakefriendswithherC.shewasbeautifulD.itstrangeforhertofallinlovewithhim4.Thewaitresssaidhellotothewritereverydaybecause___________.A.shelivednearhishouseB.heoftenwenttovisithermotherC.shewantedtobefriendlywithhimD.shelovedhimverymuch（三）高考链接Amonthafterthehurricane（飓风）,IreturnedhomeinNewOrleans.Therelaymyhouse,reducedtowaist-highruins（废墟）,smellyanddirty.Beforethetrip,Ihadmycarfixed.Whentheofficeemployeeofthegaragewaswritingupthebill,shenoticedmyLouisianalicenseplate（汽车牌照）.“Nocharge”shesaid,andfirmlyshookherheadwhenIreachedformywallet.ThenextdayIwentforahaircut,andthesamethinghappened.1.Thegarageemployee’sattitudetowardtheauthorwasthatof__________.A.unconcern B.sympathy C.doubt D.tolerance2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“charge”mean?A.负责 B.费用 C.接管 D.控告3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Peopleareverykind. B.Theauthorhasnomoney.C.Peopledisliketheauthor. D.Theauthor’shouseisingoodcondition.四、下讲预告：下一讲，我们将讲解高考作文的特点，介绍写作方法和技巧。【同步练习】（答题时间：30分钟）ASincemyretirement(退休)fromteachingmusicin2001,Ihavespentagooddealoftimepaintingasanartist.Iactuallybegandrawingagaininthesummerof1995whenmyfatherdied.SoperhapsIwastryingtorecoverfromthelossofmyfather,ormaybeitwasjustthatitbroughtbackmemoriesofhim.Inanycase,Idrewpenandinkanimalsandlandscapes(风景画)muchinfluenced(影响)byKrenkelandSt.Johnforfiveyears.Forsomestrangereason,Ihadbeenwaitinguntilmyretirementtostartdoingwatercolorsagain,butassoonasIwalkedoutoftheschooldoorforthelasttime.IpickedupmybrushesandrediscoveredAndrewWyeth,whoquicklybecamemyfavoriteartist.IhadlookedthroughalltheartbooksIhadonmyshelvesandfoundhiswatercolorstobetheclosesttohowIthoughtgoodwatercolorsshouldlook.SoIpaintedlandscapesaroundMinnesotaforthreeyearsandtriedoutmanyothertypesofpainting.However,watercolorsremainedmyfirstchoice,andIthinkIdidmybestworkthere,showingmypaintingsatanumberofartexhibitions.Artisnowtogetherwithmypianoplayingandreading.Thereisatimeforeverythinginmyworld,anditiswonderfultohavesometimedoingwhatIwanttodo.AsConfuciusoncesaid,“AtseventyIcanfollowmyheart’sdesire.”1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Learningtopaintinlaterlife. B.Howtopaintwatercolors.C.Anartist-turnedteacher. D.Lifeafterretirement.2.Theauthorstarteddrawingagainin1995because_________.A.hehopedtodrawapictureofhisfatherB.hecouldn’tstopmissinghisfatherC.hehadmoretimeafterretirementD.helikedanimalsandlandscapes3.Wecaninferfromthetextthattheauthor__________.A.hadbeentaughtbyKrenkelandSt.JohnB.paintedlandscapesinMinnesotafor5yearsC.believedWyethtobethebestinwatercolorsD.startedhisretirementlifeattheageofseventy4.Howdoestheauthorprobablyfeelabouthislifeasanartist?A.Veryenjoyable. B.Abitregretful.C.Ratherbusy. D.Fairlydull.BShoppingisnotassimpleasyoumaythink!Thereareallsortsoftricksatplayeachtimewereachoutforthatparticularbrandofproductontheshelf.Colouring,forexample,variesaccordingtowhattheproducersaretryingtosell.Healthfoodsarepackaged

ingreens,yellowsorbrownsbecausewethinkoftheseashealthycolours.Icecreampacketsareoftenblueandexpensivegoods,likechocolates,aregoldorsilver.Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.Eventually,itcameonthemarketinadarkblueandwhitepackage—bluebecausewethinkofitassafe,andwhiteascalm.Thesizeofaproductcanattractashopper.Butquiteoftenabottledoesn’tcontainasmuchasitappearsto.Itisbelievedthatthebetter-knowncompaniesspend,onaverage,70per