电气工程及其自动化专业英语专业英语-1课件

Chapter

1 Circuit

Theory

FundamentalsSpecialized

EnglishforElectrical

Engineering

and

Automation1.1

Kirchhoff’s

Laws1.2

Basic

Analysis

Methods1.3

Three

Phase

circuitsCircuit

Design

Software—OrCAD–PSpice

A/DReading

and

Translation

Skills－科技英语的特点ContentEmphasisWords

and

Expressions

aboutKirchhoff’s

LawsRepresentative

SentencesReading

and

Translating

Skills

of

theSpecialized

EnglishWords

and

Expressions

1♣

lumped

parameter

circuit集总参数电路lumped把…归并在一起（考虑）；集总lumped

load集中负载，集总负载Words

and

Expressions

2♣

element

元

件a

lumped

element

can

be

idealized

to

the

point

where

it

can

be

treated

as

ablack

box

accessible

through

a

few

terminals.

An

electroniccircuit

is

constructed

by

connecting

together

a

collection

of

separate

elements

at

their

terminals.Words

and

Expressions

3♣

Series-connectedelement

串联元件parallel-connectedcircuit

并联电路shunt

circuit

并联电路♣

charge

n.电荷；vt.充电l

An

electron

has

a

negative

charge,a

proton

has

a

positive

chargel

If

we

charge

it

with

electricity

,it

will

become

magnetic.Words

and

Expressions

4Couplen. 对；vt. 结合(couple…with)；连接working

couple

双职工a

couple

of

days

一两天Electronic

advancements

have

had

a

dramaticimpact

on

sensors.

By

coupling

the

signalprocessing

capability

of

electronics

withfundamental

sensors,

overall

performance

andaccuracy

has

been

improved

while

size,

powerdissipation,

and

cost

have

declined.We

couple

the

pump

with

the

engine.我们把水泵与引擎连接起来♣

nodeWords

and

Expressions

5The

junction

points

at

which

the

terminals

of

two

or

more

elements

are

connected

are

referred

to

as

the

nodes

of

acircuit结点/节点network

nodenode-voltage

methodNodalnodal

analysis网络节点节点电压法节点的节点分析法Words

and

Expressions

6♣

branch支

路The

connections

between

the

nodes

are

referred

to

as

the

edges

or

branches

of

a

circuit.p

branch

分支；部门His

speciality

was

psychology--one

important

branch

on

the

great

tree

of

knowledge.他的专业是心理学,这是知识树上的一个重要分枝Each

node

can

be

either

abranch

or

aleaf.All

thebranch

managers

will

be

there.♣

loopWords

and

Expressions

7回

路

Circuit

loops

are

defined

to

beclosed

paths

through

a

circuit

along

its

branches.loop

current

回路电流openloop

开环；closed

loop

闭环Words

and

Expressions

8♣

intuitive直观的、直觉的obtained

through

intuition

rather

than

fromreasoning

or

observation词根：intuitadj.intuitionist直觉主义的adv.intuitively直观地；直觉地n.intuition直觉；直觉力；直觉的知识intuitionism直观论；直觉说intuitionist直觉论者vi.intuit凭直觉知道vt.intuit由直觉知道Sentences

1Kirchhoff’s

current

law

and

Kirchhoff’s

voltagelaw

describe

how

lumped

parameter

circuitelements

couple

at

their

terminals

whentheyare

assembled

into

a

circuit.基尔霍夫电流定律和电压定律描述了在组成电路时，各集总参数电路元件是如何（在它们的端点处）连接在一起的。Sentences

22.

Put

another

way,

KCL

states

that

the

netcurrent

that

flows

into

a

node

through

some

ofits

branches

must

flow

out

from

that

nodethrough

its

remaining

branches.换句话说，基尔霍夫电流定律表明了：通过某些分支流入节点的净电流必须通过剩下的分支流出该节点。Sentences

33.

This

is

inconsistent

with

the

constraint

of

thelumped

matter

discipline

that

dq/dt

be

zero.dq/dt=0与集总物质规则约束不一致。4.The

current

sources

might

cease

tofunctionas

ideal

sources

as

they

oppose

one

another.当多个电流源之间相互冲突的时候，它们将不能再作为理想电源了。Sentences

45.

KVL

is

applied

to

circuit

loops,

that

is,

tointerconnections

of

branches

that

form

closedpaths

through

a

circuit.基尔霍夫电压定律可应用于电路各回路，即是，可应用于电路中形成闭合回路的互联的各支路。Sentences

5A

helpful

mnemonic

for

writing

KVL

equationsis

to

assign

the

polarity

to

a

given

voltage

inaccordance

with

the

first

sign

encountered

whentraversing

that

voltage

around

the

loop.traverse

本意为横贯、穿过，这里指沿回路移动。

in

accordance

with

依照；与…一致列写KVL方程的一种有效的助记方法是将通过回路中的每一个电压依照第一个电压的符号规定其极性。Sentences

67.

By

the

same

reasoning,

since

the

voltagebetween

any

pair

of

nodes

must

be

unique,

itmust

be

independent

of

the

path

along

whichbranch

voltages

are

added.基于相同的推论，由于任意两个节点间的电压必须是唯一的，该电压必定与累加支路电压的通路无关。Sentences

78.

Note

that

in

summing

voltages

along

aloop

we

have

adopted

the

conventionproposed

earlier:

A

positive

branch

voltageisadded

to

the

sum

if

the

path

enters

thepositive

end

of

a

branch.

Otherwise

anegative

branch

voltage

is

added

to

thesum.注意：在对回路的电压求和时，我们承袭了传统的做法，如果通路进入的是支路的正向端，则将正的支路电压加入和中；反之，则将负的支路电压加入和中。1.2

Basic

Analysis

Methodsimpedance：阻抗resistance：电阻reactance

：电抗susceptance：电纳conductance：电导admittance：导纳loop

analysis：回路分析法mesh

analysis：网孔分析法nodal

analysis：节点分析法Words

and

Expressionssimultaneous

equations：联立方程active

element：有源元件passive

element：无源元件principal

node：主节点secondary

node：次节点plannar

network：平面网络bilateral

network：双向网络as

a

function

of：根据Words

and

Expressionscompact

set：紧集一个欧氏空间（EuclideanSpace）Rn的子集被称为紧致的，当且仅当此子集有界（bounded）且封闭（closed）.实数集R（一维欧氏空间）中，任一闭区间如[0,1]是紧集；平面集R2中的圆，立体集R3中的球都是紧集dependent

voltage

source：受控电压源ground

node：接地节点1.3

Three

Phase

Circuitsflow

of

power：电力传输sinusoidal

source：正弦电源instantaneous

power：瞬时功率spurts:

短暂而突然的活动或努力；突然奋起in

spurts：断断续续地deliveredpower：输出功率identical：同一的；完全相同的synchronize：同步asynchronize：异步Words

and

Expressionsrms：root

meansquare，均方根lag

by：延迟，滞后phasor

diagram：相量图，矢量图conjugate：共轭wye

connection：星形连接It

is

evident

that：显然，显而易见的是–Itis

self-evident

that：不言而喻power

station：发电站，发电厂distribution

transformer：配电变压器line-to-line：两线间，相间专业英语特点1语言简练，结构严谨，表达明确，不重虚文润饰In

contrasttothe

continuous-timesystemwhose

operation

is

described

or

modeled

by

aset

of

differential

equations,

the

discrete-timesystem

is

one

whose

operation

is

described

by

a

set

of

difference

equations.

The

transformmethod

employed

in

the

analysis

of

lineartime-invariant

continuous-time

systems

is

theLaplace

transform;

in

a

similar

manner,

thetransform

used

in

the

analysis

of

linear

time-invariant

discrete-time

systems

is

the

z-transform.专业英语特点2逻辑推理性强，原理概念清楚，段落章节分明Power

and

EnergyThe

definitions

of

potential

and

potential

differencelead

to

the

following

relationships:

the

energy,

w,expanded

in

moving

a

charge

q

through

a

potentialdifference

(p.d.)v

is

given

by:w=qv,

hence,dw/dt=v·dq/dt=vi.The

rate

of

expenditure

of

energy

is

define

as

thepower

p.

Hence,

in

general

the

power

is

given

byp(t)=v(t)·i(t)

and

is

measured

in

WATTS

when

v

and

Iare

in

volts

and

amperes,

respectively.If

power

p(t)

is

expended

for

time

T,

the

totalenergy

expended

(or

stored)

is

:专业英语特点3专业英语的词汇特点–常用词汇专业化–大量使用专业词汇和半专业词汇；–大量使用词性转换；–广泛运用构词法–大量使用单词缩写或专用符号；–不断有新的专业词汇出现。新词可分为三种：在现有词意的基础上赋予新的意义的单词完全新创造的单词已经被人们广泛接受的缩写词。常用词汇专业化－专业英语词汇特点DogEyeHandBus狗

挡板眼

孔手

指针，柄公共汽车

总线大量使用专业词汇和半专业词汇－专业英语词汇特点The

Motorola

Series

8000

family

ofservers

and

multi-user

computers

isbased

on

the

Motorola

M88000

family

ofmicroprocessors,

the

VMEbus

standardand

software

compatible

with

UNIX

System

V.

The

Series

8000

exploits

thelatest

developments

in

RISC(ReducedInstruction

Set

Computer)

architecture

toprovide

unprecedented

performance

andcapacity

in

commercial

multi-user

andnetworking

application.词性转换－专业英语词汇特点A

careful

study

of

the

original

text

willgive

you

a

better

translation.仔细研究原文，你会翻译得更好。Light

coating薄涂层广泛运用构词法－专业英语词汇特点合成法（Compounding）Headline

标题，头条新闻Pulse-scaler

脉冲定标器混成法（Blending）Zincode=zinc+electrode

阳极Telecommunication＝telephone＋communication

电讯，无线电通讯词缀法（Affixation）－派生法或缀合法Semidiameter

半径Microcomputer

微机用前缀micro构成的词有300多个，用semi或auto构成的词各有200多个。缩略词（Acronym）LED:Light

Emitting

Diode

发光二极管ATM:

Automated

Teller

Machine

自动取款机不断出现的专业新词－专业英语词汇特点在现有词意的基础上赋予新的意义的单词Work

is

the

transfer

of

energy

expressedas

the

product

of

a

force

and

thedistance

through

which

its

pointofapplication

moves

in

the

direction

oftheforce.work:功；energy：能；product:乘积；force:力新创造的词Aircraft；

liquid

crystal；已经被人们广泛接受的缩写词

PDA,RFD,…专业英语特点4专业英语的语法特点被动语态多长句、复合句多名词做定语多条件语句和虚拟语气多非谓语动词多后置定语多祈使句、It…to或It…that（主语从句）用法多公式、图表、数据、缩略词多复合词多被动语态多－专业英语语法特点专业英语的主要目的是表述科学事实、科学发现、实验结果及各类说明等，

因此多以客观陈述为主。这样的特点

使得专业英语大量使用被动语态.Electrical

energy

canbe

stored

intwo

plates

separated

by

aninsulating

medium.

Such

a

deviceis

called

a

condenser,

and

itsability

to

store

electrical

energy

istermed

capacitance.长句、复合句多－专业英语语法特点为了清晰描述事物的内在联系，科技英语中普遍使用各种从句，尤其是定语从句。One

of

the

difficulties

in

carrying

out

aworld-wide

birth

control

program

lies

in

thefact

that

official

attitudesto

populationgrowth

vary

from

country

to

countrydepending

on

the

level

of

industrialdevelopment

and

the

availability

of

foodand

raw

materials.在全球范围内实施人口控制计划的一个难点在于，由于工业发展水平和食物以及原料供应能力的不同，各国政府在人口控制上的态度也不相同。名词做定语多－专业英语语法特点

科技英语中经常使用一个或多个名词作前置定语

Data

AcquisitionSystem：数据采集系统

Current

Output

Point：电流输出点Feedback

control

system

反馈控制系统

Power

semiconductor

device

功率半导体器件

Oil

pump油泵条件语句和虚拟语气多－专业英语语法特点从学术的观点提出假设、条件、建议和要求等。在英语表达中常使用if引导条件语句，虚拟条件用虚拟语气来表述。If

f

is

any

bounded

function

on

[a,b],then

sup{L(f,P)}

and

inf{U(f,P)}

will

beexist,even

iff

is

notintegrable.Without

electric

pressure

in

asemiconductor,

the

electron

flow

wouldnot

take

place

in

it.非谓语动词多－专业英语语法特点使用非谓语动词叙事简洁To

understand

the

derivative,we

canstart

from

the