中考英语一轮复习（课件+精练）：第10讲　动词的语态

第十讲

动词的语态考点一考点二考点三考点四语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态,当主语是动作的承受者时用被动语态。如:ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主语manypeople是动作speak的执行者)Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(主语English是动作speak的承受者)考点一考点二考点三考点四各种时态的被动语态被动语态由“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,助动词有时态、人称和数的变化。考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四典例1Nowsmartphones

inmanywaysinourdailylife.

A.areused

B.isusedC.areusing D.isusing解析:由主语smartphones与use之间存在动宾关系可知用被动语态;

再由主语是复数可知答案为A项。答案:A考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四2.ItisreportedthatDamiaoCultureSquare

inTaiannextyear.

A.willbebuilt

B.werebuiltC.havebuilt D.willbuild答案:A解析:主语Damiao

Culture

Square和谓语动词build是被动关系,

故该题应用被动语态;

又因为next

year“明年”是一般将来时的时间状语标志,

故选A项。考点一考点二考点三考点四3.—It’sdifficulttogettotheothersideoftheriver.—Ithinkabridge

overtheriver.

A.shouldbebuilt B.shouldbuildC.willbuild D.hasbuilt答案:A解析:根据主语a

bridge与build之间存在被动关系可知用被动语态。故选A项。4.Peoplewho

tothepartyareveryexcited.

A.haveinvited B.hasbeeninvitedC.willinvite D.havebeeninvited答案:D解析:根据句意“已经被邀请去参加聚会的人非常激动。”可以判断需用现在完成时的被动语态。A项和C项为主动语态,

故排除;

而B项中,

has和主语people不能搭配。故选

D项。考点二考点三考点四考点一主动语态变被动语态1.变换结构图

考点二考点三考点四考点一2.变换步骤第一步,先确定主动句的主语、谓语、宾语,找出其中的谓语动词;第二步,把主动句中谓语动词后面的宾语变为被动句的主语,若宾语是人称代词时,应把宾格变为主格;第三步,把主动句中的谓语动词变为“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”,但时态不能改变;第四步,把主动句中谓语动词前面的主语变为被动句中介词by的宾语(没必要说出动作的执行者时可省略),若主语是人称代词时,应把主格变为宾格。规律总结主动语态变为被动语态,

时态要保持一致,

句式要保持一致,

被动结构的主语与谓语要保持人称和数的一致。考点二考点三考点四考点一3.几种特殊形式(1)主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词make/let/have等词后跟省略to的动词不定式,变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号to。如:WesawanaliengetoutoftheUFO.→AnalienwasseentogetoutoftheUFO.

规律总结后接动词-ing形式做宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时,

宾语补足语变为主语补足语,

但形式不变。对比:

We

heard

Jim

playing

the

guitar

in

his

room.

→Jim

was

heard

playing

the

guitar

in

his

room.

考点二考点三考点四考点一(2)谓语动词后接双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)时①把间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语不变。如:Hegave

me

anewbook.

↓

↓

间接宾语直接宾语→Iwasgivenanewbookbyhim.

②把直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语前通常加介词to或for。加to的动词有:give,bring,pass,lend,read,write,teach,show等;加for的动词有:buy,sing,choose,make,leave,mend等。如:Hegave

me

anewbook.

↓

↓

间接宾语

直接宾语→Anewbookwasgivento

mebyhim.

考点二考点三考点四考点一(3)句中谓语是动词词组时,变为被动语态时要注意其完整性。如:JackturnedontheTVjustnow.

→TheTVwasturnedonbyJackjustnow.

(4)带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时,只需把宾语变为被动语态的主语,而宾语补足语仍保留在原处,做主语补足语。如:Ourteachertoldustocleantheclassroomatonce.→Weweretoldtocleantheclassroomatoncebyourteacher.考点二考点三考点四考点一(5)表示“据说……”“听说……”或“相信”这种意思时,常用Peoplesay...或Theybelieve...等句型。这种句子变为被动语态时,常用Itissaidthat...“据说……”等。Itisreportedthat...据报道……Itisbelievedthat...大家相信……Itiswellknownthat...众所周知……Itisthoughtthat...大家认为……(6)动词不定式的被动语态动词不定式的被动语态为:tobe+过去分词

Theradiosaysazooistobebuiltinourcity.收音机上说(广播说)在我们市将建—个动物园。考点二考点三考点四考点一典例2Thoughtheearthquakedestroyedmanyhouses,peopledidn’tlosehope.(改为被动语态)Thoughmanyhouses

bytheearthquake,peopledidn’tlosehope.

解析:由主动句的时态为一般过去时,

且主语是many

houses可知be动词用were。答案:weredestroyed考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一被动语态的几种特殊形式1.feel,

look,

sound,

smell,

taste等系动词的主动语态表示被动含义。如:Thedishessmellsodelicious.菜闻起来真香。Yourideasoundsbetter.你的主意听起来更好。2.有些动词如sell,

cut,

drive,

write,

open,

lock等作为不及物动词时可以用主动语态表示被动含义。如:BooksofHarry

Pottersellwell.《哈利·波特》系列的书很畅销。Mypenwritessmoothly.我的钢笔写起字来很流畅。考点二考点三考点四考点一3.sth.need/want/require

doing相当于sth.need/want/require

to

be

done(不定式的被动结构)。如:Yourroomneedscleaning.=Yourroomneedstobecleaned.你的房间需要打扫了。4.be

worth

doing(值得做)中的doing表示被动含义。如:Themovieisworthwatchingbyeveryone.这部电影值得所有人看一看。典例3Thenovelisgreat.It’swellworth

.

A.read B.readsC.reading D.ofreading解析:be

worth

doing

sth.“值得做某事”。此结构主动表被动。答案:C考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一考点二考点三考点四考点一被动语态与系表结构的区别“be+p.p.”表示动作时是被动语态;“be+p.p.”表示主语所处的状态时是系表结构。1.含有“by+宾语”结构强调动作执行者,

此时为被动语态。Thewindowisbroken.窗户坏了。(系表结构)Thewindowisbrokenbyme.窗户是我打破的。(被动语态)2.句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,

一般是被动语态。

Thedoorwasclosed.门是关着的。(系表结构)T