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轨道交通信号专业英语
曹峰主编
林瑜筠主审
中国铁道出版社有限公司
年北京
2020·
内容简介
本书分为铁路信号技术和城市轨道交通信号技术两部分铁路信号技术部分包括信号继
。
电器信号机轨道电路转辙机等信号基础设备计算机联锁自动闭塞列车运行控制行车
、、、,、、、
调度指挥信号集中监测等信号系统以及驼峰过程控制系统城市轨道交通信号技术部分包
、,。
括概述信号机计轴器交流工频轨道电路等信号基础设备联锁的特殊要求移动闭
,LED、、,,
塞的基本概念的基本原理
,ATP、ATO、ATS,CBTC。
本书可作为铁路信号和城市轨道交通信号专业英语教材
。
图书在版编目(CIP)数据
轨道交通信号专业英语曹峰主编北京中国铁道
/.—:
出版社有限公司
,2020.9
ISBN978-7-113-26811-4
轨曹轨道交通交通信号英语
Ⅰ.①…Ⅱ.①…Ⅲ.①--
Ⅳ.①U284
中国版本图书馆数据核字第号
CIP(2020)066421
书名:轨道交通信号专业英语
作者:曹峰
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书号:
ISBN978-7-113-26811-4
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前言
至年底,我国铁路营业里程接近万,居世界第二位;高
201914km
铁营业里程达到万,成为世界上高铁里程最长、运输密度最高、
3.5km
成网运营场景最复杂的国家。我国城市轨道交通营业里程突破
,居世界第一位。我国的高速铁路技术和城市轨道交通技术已
6700km
处于世界先进水平,正在随着“一带一路”走向世界。
伴随着铁路和城市轨道交通的发展,作为铁路和城市轨道交通主要
技术装备的信号系统取得了长足的进步,信号系统的技术装备水平成为
铁路和城市轨道交通现代化的重要保证和主要标志。为了适应铁路信号
技术和城市轨道交通信号技术快速发展的形势,以及走向世界的需求,
编写本书。
本书分为铁路信号技术部分和城市轨道交通信号技术部分,共
20
课。为铁路信号技术部分,包括信号继电器、信号
Lesson1~Lesson10
机、轨道电路、转辙机等信号基础设备,计算机联锁、自动闭塞、列车运行
控制、行车调度指挥、信号集中监测等信号系统,以及普速铁路的驼峰过
程控制系统。为城市轨道交通信号技术部分,包
Lesson11~Lesson20
括概述,信号机、计轴器、交流工频轨道电路等信号基础设备,联锁
LED
的特殊要求,移动闭塞,、、的基本概念,的基本
ATPATOATSCBTC
原理。
每节课都列有主要词汇中英文对照,以及练习题。
本书由南京铁道职业技术学院曹峰主编,林瑜筠主审。南京铁道职
业技术学院田建兆、王锡奎、张菊担任副主编。参与编写的有西安铁路职
业技术学院白宏图,石家庄铁路职业技术学院王明瑾,南京信息职业技
术学院聂睿瑞、朱永宏。曹峰编写、,田建兆编
Lesson1~4Lesson12~16
1
写,王锡奎编写,张菊编写课程。
Lesson5~8Lesson9~11Lesson17~20
在编写过程中,得到许多单位和同行的大力支持和帮助,于此一并表示
感谢。
由于时间过于仓促,加上资料搜集不全,编者水平所限,书中疏漏、
错误、不妥之处在所难免,望读者提出批评和指正,以不断提高书质量。
编者
年月
20203
2
目录
RailwaySignalingTechnology
…………………
Lesson1SignalRelay1
…………
Lesson2Signal8
………………
Lesson3TrackCircuit15
……………
Lesson4SwitchMachine25
……
Lesson5Computer-BasedInterlockingSystem36
…………
Lesson6AutomaticBlockSystem(ABS)43
………
Lesson7TrainControlSystem52
………
Lesson8CentralizedTrafficControl(CTC)62
……………
Lesson9HumpProcessControlSystem68
………………
Lesson10CentralizedSignalingMonitoring(CSM)79
UrbanRailTransitSignalingTechnology
Lesson11TheOverviewoftheUrbanRailTransitSignaling
……………………
System85
……
Lesson12LightEmittingDiode(LED)Signal93
………………
Lesson13AxleCounter99
………………
Lesson14ACIndustrialFrequencyTrackCircuit108
Lesson15FundamentalContentsofUrbanRailTransit
………………
Interlocking114
……………
Lesson16MovingBlock120
……
Lesson17AutomaticTrainProtection(ATP)126
……
Lesson18AutomaticTrainOperation(ATO)133
…
Lesson19AutomaticTrainSupervision(ATS)140
……
Lesson20CommunicationBasedTrainControlSystem(CBTC)147
Lesson1SignalRelay
Signalrelayisageneraltermforallkindsofrelaysinrailway
signal.Relaysarewidelyusedinrailwaysignaltechnology,andrelaysare
indispensablecomponentsofvarioussignalcontrolsystems.
1.Overviewoftherelays
Arelayisanelectricalexcitationswitch,whichisanelectromagnet
withcontacts.Therelayconsistsoftwomainparts:electromagnetic
systemandcontactsystem.Theelectromagneticsystemconsistsof
coils,fixedironcores,ayokeironandamovablemagnetarmature.The
contactsystemincludesmovablecontactsandstaticcontacts.Whena
certainvalueofcurrentpassedcoils,anelectromagneticattraction
producedbyelectromagneticInteractionorinductionmethodattractsthe
magnetarmature.Themagnetarmaturedrivesthecontactsystemand
changesitsstatetoreflectthestatusoftheinputcurrent.
TheelectromagneticrelayisshowninFigure1-1.Whenacertain
valueofcurrentpassedcoils,acertainamountoffluxproducedbetween
themagnetarmatureandironcoregoesthroughtheironcore,magnet
armature,yokeironandairgaptoformaclosedmagneticcircuit.And
thentheironcoreproducesanattractionformagnetarmature.Thesize
oftheattractiondependsonthevalueofthecurrent.Whenthecurrent
increasestoacertainvalue,theincreasingattractioncanbeableto
overcometheresistanceofthemagnetarmaturemovingtotheironcore
'
(mainlythemagnetarmaturesowngravity),andthemagnetarmature
isattractedtotheironcore.Themovablecontactswhicharedrivenby
themagnetarmature(contactsalongwiththemovingmagnetarmature)
alsomove,andconnectwiththemovableclosecontacts(front
contacts).Thisstateiscalledrelayexcitation.
1
Figure1-1thebasicprincipleoftheelectromagneticrelay
Theattractiondecreaseswiththedecreaseofthecurrent.Whenthe
'
decreasingattractionisnotenoughtoovercomethemagnetarmatures
owngravity,themagnetarmaturebyreasonofitsgravitydropdown
(calledrelease).Themagnetarmaturedrivesthemovablecontactsto
disconnectwithfrontcontacts,andthenconnectswithmovablebreak
contacts(backcontacts).Thisstateiscalledrelayexcitation-loss.
Itcanbeseenthattherelayhastheswitchingcharacteristics,which
canbeusedtoconnectandbreakthecircuittoformvariouscontroland
indicationcircuits.
2.Safetyrelay
TheAXseriessafetyrelay,whichisdesignedandmanufacturedby
China,isthemainapprovedproductofChinarailwaysignalrelayand
mostwidelyused.Thesaferelayisaheavyspringtypeelectromagnetic
relayintheDC24Vseries.Itstypicalstructureistheneutralrelay.
Othertypesofrelaysarederivedfromneutralrelays.
Thetypesofsaferelaysincludetheneutralrelay,neutralrelaywith
heavydutycontacts,neutralslowreleaserelay,neutralslowrelease
relaywithheavydutycontacts,rectifyingrelay,polarizedrelay,
polarizedrelaywithheavydutycontacts,polarbiasedrelayandsoon.
Theircharacteristicsandresistancevalueofcoilsaredifferentandthey
2
havedifferenteffectsinsignalcircuits.
Theneutralrelayhasnorequirementforcurrentpolarityofgoing
intothecoils.
Therelaywithheavydutycontactsisdesignedforthesignalcircuit
withhighpower.Thecontactsystemoftherelaywithheavyduty
contactsconsistsofnormalcontactsandheavydutycontacts.Theheavy
dutycontacthasaspecialdesignofthehighpowercontactandmagnetic
blast.Themagneticblastismadeofmagneticsteel,whicheffectsblast
arcusebytheforcedmovementofelectricarcinthemagneticfieldto
maketheelectricarccoolingdownquicklyandquenching.
Theslowreleaserelayhasthefunctionsofslowpick-upand
release.Inspecificcircuits,itiswidelyusedbecauseofitsslowrelease
characteristic.
TherectifyingrelayisusedintheACcircuit.Itturnsalternating
currentintodirectcurrentbymeansoftheinternalhalfwaveorfull
waverectificationcircuit.
Thepolarizedrelayhastwosteadystatesofnormalpositionand
reversepositionaccordingtothedifferentcurrentpolarityincoils.The
twosteadystatesstillcancontinuetokeepwhenthecurrentdisappeared
incoils.Sothepolarizedrelayisalsocalledpolarretainingrelay.Itis
characterizedbytheadditionofpermanentmagneticsteelinthemagnetic
system.Whenthecurrentofspecifiedpolaritypassesthecoils,therelaypicks
upanditstillcankeepthepick-upstateafterbreakingcurrent.Whenthe
currentoftheoppositedirectionpassedthecoils,therelaydropsdownandit
wouldkeepthereleasestateafterbreakingcurrent.
Thepolarbiasedrelayisdesignedtoidentifythecurrentpolarityin
thesignalcircuit.Beingdifferentfromtheneutralrelay,thepick-upof
itsmagnetarmatureisassociatedwiththepolarityofcurrentincoils.
Themagnetarmaturewouldpickuponlywhenthecurrentofthe
specifieddirectionpasses.Itcanbenotactionwhenthecurrentdirection
isopposite.However,itjusthasonesteadystatewhichisdifferentfrom
thepolarizedrelay.Themagnetarmatureispulledupbythe
electromagneticforceanddropsdownafterbreakingcurrent.Itssteady
stateisrelease.
3
3.Timerelay
Thetimerelayisakindofslowpick-uprelay,whichcanbedelayed
bytheelectroniccircuittosatisfytherequirementofsignalcircuits.The
timerelayiscomposedofatimecontrolunitandaneutralrelay.The
timecontrolunitismountedontheprintedcircuitboard,whichis
installedabovethecontactgroup.
4.Filamenttransferrelay
Thefilamenttransferrelaywhichisusedinthesignallighting
circuitisanACrelay.Whenthemainfilamentofthesignallampburns
out,itwillbeautomaticallyconvertedtolightthedeputyfilamentby
thefilamenttransferrelay.Thefilamenttransferrelayisusedtoforman
alarmcircuitbyitscontacts.
5.ACtwo-elementrelay
TheACtwo-elementrelayhastwoindependentandinteracting
alternatingelectromagneticsystems.
ThestructureofanACtwo-elementrelayisshowninFigure1-2.It
iscomposedofanelectromagneticsystem,awingpanel,contactsandsoon.
Figure1-2thestructureoftheACtwo-elementrelay
(Unit:mm)
4
Theelectromagneticsystemincludesalocalelectromagneticsystem
andatrackelectromagneticsystem.Thelocalelectromagneticsystem
consistsofalocalironcoreandlocalcoils.Thetrackelectromagnetic
systemconsistsofatrackironcoreandtrackcoils.
Thewingpanelisthekeycomponent,whichconvertstheenergyof
theelectromagneticsystemintomechanicalenergy.Thewingpanelis
mountedonthemainaxle.
Themovablecontactsarefixedontheauxiliaryaxle.Themainaxle
drivesthemovablerodontheauxiliaryaxlethroughthelinkagetomake
themovablecontactsaction.
Onlywhenthecurrentoflocalcoilsadvancesthecurrentoftrack
coilsacertainangle(preferably90°),therelaycanbeabletopickup
reliably.Ifonlythecurrentpasseseithercoilortwocoilsareconnected
tothesamepower,thewingpanelwouldnotproduceatorquetobe
action.ThisisthereliablephaseselectivityoftheACtwo-elementrelay,
whichcansolvetheprotectionproblemoftherailendinsulation
damage.
Whenthetractioncurrentisunbalanced,ithas50Hzvoltagetobe
addedtothetrackcoils.However,thetorqueforceiszeroinoneperiod.
'
Thewingpaneldonotgeneratetorqueandcantmaketherelayfalse
actionbythemixedinterferencecurrentandthefixed50Hzlocal
currentinthetrackcoils.ThisisthefrequencyselectivityoftheACtwo-
elementrelay,whichnotonlypreventstheinterferenceofthetraction
current,butalsohasthesameeffectonotherfrequencies.
Vocabulary&Phrases
继电器
relay
线圈
coil
铁芯
ironcore
轭铁
yokeiron
衔铁
magnetarmature
5
动接点
movablecontact
静接点
staticcontact
接点系统
contactsystem
安全型继电器
safetyrelay
无极继电器
neutralrelay
缓吸
slowpick-up
缓放
slowrelease
整流式继电器
rectifyingrelay
有极继电器
polarizedrelay
偏极继电器
polarbiasedrelay
时间继电器
timerelay
灯丝
filament
灯丝转换继电器
filamenttransferrelay
交流二元继电器
ACtwo-elementrelay
翼板
wingpanel
牵引电流
tractioncurrent
转矩
torque
Exercises-1
1.Pleasetranslatethefollowingphrasesinthetext.
frontcontact
backcontact
electromagneticsystem
relaywithheavydutycontacts
normalposition
reverseposition
2.Pleasetranslatethefollowingsentences.
(1)Whenthecurrentincreasestoacertainvalue,theincreasing
attractioncanbeabletoovercometheresistanceofthemagnet
6
'
armaturemovingtotheironcore(mainlythemagnetarmaturesown
gravity),andthemagnetarmatureisattractedtotheironcore.The
movablecontactswhicharedrivenbythemagnetarmature(contacts
alongwiththemovingmagnetarmature)alsomove,andconnectwith
themovableclosecontacts(frontcontacts).Thisstateiscalledrelay
excitation.
(2)Thepolarizedrelayhastwosteadystatesofnormalpositionand
reversepositionaccordingtothedifferentcurrentpolarityincoils.The
twosteadystatesstillcancontinuetokeepwhenthecurrentdisappeared
incoils.
(3)Onlywhenthecurrentoflocalcoilsadvancesthecurrentof
trackcoilsacertainangle(preferably90°),therelaycanbeabletopick
upreliably.Ifonlythecurrentpasseseithercoilortwocoilsare
connectedtothesamepower,thewingpanelwouldnotproduceatorque
tobeaction.ThisisthereliablephaseselectivityoftheACtwo-element
relay,whichcansolvetheprotectionproblemoftherailendinsulation
damage.
3.Questionsfordiscussion.
(1)DescribehowtheACtwo-elementrelayworks.
(2)Talkaboutthecharacteristicsofdifferentsafetyrelays.
7
Lesson2Signal
Inordertoindicatethecommandsoftrainrunningandshunting
operation,itisnecessarytosetupallkindsofsignalsandsignal
indicatorsasrequiredintherailway.Theyaretheindispensable
componentsinvarioussignalsystems,whichareusedtoformsignal
displaysforoperatingconditions.
Thecolorlightsignalissignaledbythecolor,number,andstateof
thelighting.
1.Lenscolorlightsignal
Thelenscolorlightsignalhastwotypes:highsignalanddwarf
signal.Thehighsignalmechanismisinstalledonthesignalreinforced
concretesignalpost.Thedwarfsignalmechanismisinstalledonthe
signalcementbase.
Thehighlenscolorlightsignaliscomposedofthepost,mechanism,
bracket,ladderandsoon.Thepostisusedfortheinstallationofthe
mechanismandladder.Eachlamppointofthemechanismisequipped
withacorrespondinglensgroupandaseparatelightingbulbtogive
signaldisplay.Thebracketisusedtofixthemechanismtothepost.
Eachmechanismneedsanupperandlowerbracket.Theladderisusedto
climbandoperateforthesignalmaintenancepersonnel.
Thedwarflenscolorlightsignalwhichiswithoutthebracketand
ladderisfixedonthesignalbasebybolts.
Thecolorlightsignalcanformtwodisplays,threedisplaysand
singledisplay.Allkindsofsignalscanalsohavecalling-onsignal
mechanismsorrouteindicatorsasneeded.
Eachlamppointofthelenscolorlightsignalwhichisshownin
Figure2-1iscomposedofthebulb,lampholder,lensgroup,
8
penthouse,backplaneandsoon.
Figure2-1themechanismofthelenscolorlightsignal
Thebulbisthelightsourceofthecolorlightsignal,whichusesthe
railwaysignalbulbofstraightlinedouble-filament.
Thelampholderwhichisusedtoplacethebulbselectstheprefocus
platelampholder.Thelampholderisfixedafteradjustingthefocalpoint
ofthelensgroup.Thereisnoneedtoadjustwhenchangingthebulb.
Thelensisinstalledontheframebox,whichisinsideofthe
colorfulconvexlens(ithassixcolorsofred,yellow,green,blue,
white,andachromaticcolor),andoutsideofthecolorlessconvexlens.
Thereasonwhytousetwolensgrouptoformtheopticalsystemisthat
itusestheprinciplesoflightrefractionandreflectiontofocusthelight
fromthelightsourcetothedesireddirection,whichwouldenhancethe
lightintensityofthedirection.Inthisway,itcansatisfythesignal
displaydistanceandhasagooddirectionalrequirement.Thecolorofthe
signalmechanismdependsonthecoloredlens.
Thepenthouseisusedtopreventdirectsunlightandotherdirect
lightfromproducingthewrongphantomdisplay.
Thebackplaneisblack,whichmakesupthedarkerbackground.It
cansetoffthebrightnessofthesignallightandimprovethelookout
condition.Onlythehighsignalmachinehasabackplane.Thegeneral
signalusesacircularbackplane.
9
2.Combinationalcolorlightsignal
Thecombinationalcolorlightsignalisusedfortherailwaylineof
difficultlookoutcondition,andsuitableforthestraightlinesandvarious
curvedlineswhosecurveradiusisfrom300mto20,000m.Itcanbe
acquiredcontinuoussignaldisplaywithinadistanceof5mto1,000m
fromthesignal.Thelightsystemdesignofthesignalisreasonable,
whoselightenergyutilizationishighanddisplaydistanceisfar.The
showndistanceofthemainlightsourcecanreach1,000m.ifthepartial
dispersionlensisnotadded,theshowndistancecanreach1,500m.The
'
combinationalcolorlightsignalishelpfulforthedriverslookout,whose
characteristicshavethestrongcurverefraction,bigpartialdispersion
angle,distributedvisiblelight,andhighvisibility.Thereisonlyone
lamproomforeachmechanismofthecombinationalsignal,whichis
assembledintotwodisplay,threedisplayandonedisplaymechanism
respectivelyaccordingtothesignaldisplayrequirements.Therefore,itis
calledcombinationaltype.Thereisnopossibilityofchannelinglight
betweenlamprooms.
Thecombinationalsignalmechanismconsistsoftheopticalsystem,
thefrontsurfaceglass,themechanismshell,thepenthouse,andthe
opticalsightjack,asshowninFigure2-2.
Figure2-2thecombinationalsignalmechanismofXSZ-135type
10
Theopticalsystemofacombinationalsignalmechanismconsistsof
aretroreflector,abulb,acolorpiece,anasphericalmirror,apartial
dispersionlens,andafrontsurfaceglass.Theretroreflectorisan
ellipsoidalmirrorthatfocusesthelightemittedbythelightsource.The
bulbusesthesignalstraightfilamentbulb.Themechanismcanbe
installedpiecesoffivecolors(red,yellow,green,blue,white),which
areabletobecombinedinto20varietiesasrequired.Theaspherical
mirrorisusedtogatherthelight.Thepartialdispersionlensiscomposed
ofmultipleprismsandcurvedmirrors.Itisanopticalelementthat
makesapartofthelightchangeacertainangleaccordingtothedesired
direction.itismadeoforganicglasswithexcellentopticalproperties,
whichhasthecharacteristicsofhighprecision,goodtransmittanceand
stableperformance.Thepartialdispersionlensalsoenhancestheclose
visibility,enablingthesignaltobevisibleat5mfromthesignal.
Inordertopreventthesignalmistakescausedbythereflection,the
frontsurfaceglassofthesignalisdesignedtoleanback15degrees.
Whentheexternallightshinesthesignaldirectly,thereflectedlightcan
bereflectedtothepenthouseabovethemechanismtobescatteredor
absorbed,thuseliminatingthephenomenonofmistakingthesignaldue
toreflection.
Theenclosureofthemechanismismadeofsiliconaluminumalloy.
BothinternalandexternalsurfacesarepaintedwithBerlinblackto
preventlightreflection.Ithasthecharacteristicsofreasonablestructure,
goodsealingpropertyis,smallvolumeis,andlightweightis,each
mechanismincludingthepenthouseweightsabout7kg,whichiseasyto
carryandinstall.
Thepenthouseofthemechanismismadeofglassfiberreinforced
unsaturatedpolyester(commonlyknownasFRP).ithasthe
characteristicsoflightweight,goodcorrosionresistance,andhigh
strength.Itsgeometricalshapeisdesignedtoblockthesunlightand
satisfytheneedofastigmatism.
11
3.LEDsignal
ThesizeoftheLEDsignalmechanismisthesameasthelenscolor
lightsignal。Thesignallightingunitiscomposedoflightemitting
diodes.TheLEDsignaldisplaysystemhasbeensuccessfullyusedasa
newtypeoflightsource,whichhasthecharacteristicsofenergysaving
andmaintenance-free.
ThedisplaydistanceoftheLEDsignalismorethan1.5kmanditis
clearandreliable.Themonitoringcontrolsystemcanmonitorthe
workingstateofthesignal,andthewarningabnormitycanhelpto
accuratelydeterminethefaultpointandfacilitatetimelyprocessing.The
LEDsignalcanbegreatlyreducedinweight,whichiseasytoinstall.it
hasagoodsealingconditionandlongservicelife,whichcanreach105h,
usingtheLEDtoreplacethetraditionaldoublefilamentsignallightbulb
andthelensgroupcaneliminatethefilamentburnout,whichisthe
multiplesignalfailure.ithashighreliability,stablefocus,good
luminosity,noimpactcurrentandnomaintenance.itendsthe
maintenancemethodofreplacingsignalbulbsregularly,whichreduces
themaintenanceworkloadandsavesmaintenancecost.
TheLEDrailwaysignaliscomposedofthesignalmechanismof
aluminumalloy,luminouspanelanditsspeciallightingdevice.
Thesignalmechanismofaluminumalloyisdividedintohighpost
anddwarfmechanism.Thehighpostsignalmechanismconsistsoffour
parts:backplaneassembly,boxassembly,penthouseandsuspension
device.Theinstallationmethodofthedwarfmechanismisthesameas
thelenssignalmechanism.
Theluminouspanelisanewlightsource,whichuseslightemitting
diodes.Theluminouspanelisdividedintohighpost,dwarfandindicator
luminouspanel.Theluminouspanelisacirculardiskwithmanylight
emittingdiodes.
Thespeciallightingdeviceofluminouspanelisanewgeneration
signallightingdeviceforthedevelopmentofluminouspanel.Thedevice
isnotonlystableandreliable,butalsocanbeusedforlargerangeof
12
voltagefluctuation.
Vocabulary&Phrases
信号表示器
signalindicator
矮型
dwarf
机柱
post
机构
mechanism
托架
bracket
梯子
ladder
灯泡
bulb
灯座
lampholder
遮檐
penthouse
背板
backplane
折射
refraction
反射
reflection
非球面镜
asphericalmirror
偏散镜
partialdispersionlens
硅铝合金
siliconaluminumalloy
玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯
glassfiberreinforcedunsaturatedpolyester
Exercises-2
1.Pleasetranslatethefollowingphrasesinthetext.
shuntingoperation
dwarfsignal
lenscolorlightsignal
railwaysignalbulbofstraightlinedouble-filament
combinationalcolorlightsignal
lightemittingdiode
2.Pleasetranslatethefollowingsentences.
(1)Thecolorlightsignalcanformtwodisplays,threedisplaysand
13
singledisplay.Allkindsofsignalscanalsohavecalling-onsignal
mechanismsorrouteindicatorsasneeded.
(2)Thereasonwhytousetwolensgrouptoformtheoptical
systemisthatitusestheprinciplesoflightrefractionandreflectionto
focusthelightfromthelightsourcetothedesireddirection,which
wouldenhancethelightintensityofthedirection.Inthisway,itcan
satisfythesignaldisplaydistanceandhasagooddirectional
requirement.
(3)Inordertopreventthesignalmistakescausedbythereflection,
thefrontsurfaceglassofthesignalisdesignedtoleanback15degrees.
Whentheexternallightshinesthesignaldirectly,thereflectedlightcan
bereflectedtothepenthouseabovethemechanismtobescatteredor
absorbed,thuseliminatingthephenomenonofmistakingthesignaldue
toreflection.
3.Questionsfordiscussion.
(1)Talkaboutthestructureofthelenscolorlightsignalandhowit
works.
(2)Thinkofthedifferencesbetweenthelenscolorlightsignaland
combinationalcolorlightsignal.
14
Lesson3TrackCircuit
Thetrackcircuitisacircuitmadeoftherailtrackandrail
insulation.Itisusedtomonitortheoccupancyofthetrackandtolink
thetrainoperationwithsignaldisplays,whichistotransmitrunning
informationtothetrainthroughthetrackcircuit.Thetrackcircuitisthe
importantbasicequipmentofrailwaysignal,anditsperformance
directlyaffectsthetrafficsafetyandtransportationefficiency.
1.Thebasicprincipleoftrackcircuit
Thetrackcircuit,includingtheequipmentsoffeedendand
receivingendusestwosteelrailsastheconductor,andthetwo
terminalsofthetrackhavemechanicalinsulation(orelectrical
insul
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