大脑结构解剖图

TheTelencephalon山东大学医学院解剖教研室李振华编辑课件ExternalfeatureThetelencephalonconsistsofrightandleftcerebralhemisphere,partiallyseparatedbycerebrallongitudinalfissure.ThecerebraltransversefissureintervenesbetweenthehemispheresandthecerebellumEachhemispherehasthreesurfaces:superolateral,medialandinferior编辑课件Threeprincipalsulci

Centralsulcus

中央沟Lateralsulcus外侧沟Parietooccipitalsulcus顶枕沟CentralsulcusLateralsulcusParietooccipitalsulcus编辑课件

Fivelobes

Frontallobe额叶Parietallobe顶叶Temporallobe颞叶Occipitallobe枕叶Insularlobe岛叶FrontallobeParietallobeOccipitallobeTemporallobeInsularlobe编辑课件SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfaceFrontallobe:

Precentralsulcus中央前沟Superiorfrontalsulcus额上沟Inferiorfrontalsulcus额下沟Precentralgyrus中央前回Superiorfrontalgyrus额上回Middlefrontalgyrus额中回Inferiorfrontalgyrus额下回编辑课件SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfacePrecentralsulcus

Precentralgyrus

Superiorfrontalsulcus

Inferiorfrontalsulcus

Superior,middleandinferioefrontalgyri

编辑课件Parietallobe:

Postcentralsulcus中央后沟

Postcentralgyrus中央后回

Intraparietalsulcus顶内沟

Superiorparietallobule顶上小叶

Inferiorparietallobule顶下小叶

Supramarginalgyrus缘上回

Angulargyrus角回编辑课件SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface

Postcentralsulcus

Postcentralgyrus

Superiorparietallobule

Supramarginalgyrus

Angulargyrus

Intraparietalsulcus编辑课件Temporallobe:

Superiortemporalsulcus颞上沟Inferiortemporalsulcus颞下沟Superiortemporalgyrus颞上回

Middletemporalgyrus颞中回

Inferiortemporalgyrus颞下回

Transversetemporalgyri颞横回编辑课件SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurface

Superiortemporalsulcus

Inferiortemporalsulcus

SuperiortemporalgyrusMiddletemporalgyrus

Inferiortemporalgyrus

编辑课件Transversetemporalgyri编辑课件SulciandgyriofSuperolateralsurfacePrecentralsulcus

Precentralgyrus

Superiorfrontalsulcus

Inferiorfrontalsulcus

Superior,middleandinferioefrontalgyri

Postcentralsulcus

Postcentralgyrus

Superiorparietallobule

Supramarginalgyrus

Angulargyrus

Superiortemporalsulcus

Inferiortemporalsulcus

SuperiortemporalgyrusMiddletemporalgyrus

Inferiortemporalgyrus

编辑课件Sulciandgyriofmedialsurface

Corpuscallosum胼胝体

Callosalsulcus胼胝体沟

Cingulatesulcus扣带沟Cingulategyrus扣带回Marginalramus缘支Paracentrallobule中央旁小叶Calcarinesulcus距状沟Cuneus楔叶

Lingualgyrus舌回编辑课件Sulciandgyriofmedialsurface

Corpuscallosum

Callosalsulcus

cingulategyrus

Cingulatesulcus

Marginalramus

Paracentrallobule

Calcarinesulcus

CuneusParietooccipitalsulcusLingualgyrus编辑课件Sulciandgyriofinferiorsurface

Olfactorybulb嗅球Olfactorytract嗅束

Olfactorytrigone嗅三角

Anteriorperforatedsubstance前穿质

Collateralsulcus侧副沟

Occipitotemporalsulcus枕颞沟

Medialoccipitotemporalgyrus枕颞内侧回

Lateraloccipitotemporalgyrus枕颞外侧回

Hippocampalsulcus海马沟

Parahippocampalgyrus海马旁回Uncus钩

Hippocampus海马Dentategyrus齿状回

Hippocampalformation

海马结构编辑课件InferiorsurfaceOlfactorybulb

Olfactorytract

Olfactorytrigone

Anteriorperforatedsubstance

Collateralsulcus

OccipitotemporalsulcusMedialandlateraloccipitotemporalgyri

Parahippocampalgyrus

Uncus

编辑课件HippocampusDentategyrus

Hippocampalformation

编辑课件HistologyofthecerebralcortexArchicortex原皮质

(hippocampalformation海马结构)

Paleocortex古皮质(rhinencephalon嗅脑)Neocortex新皮质(mostofcerebralcortex)3celllayers6celllayers编辑课件编辑课件Functionallocationofcerebralcortex编辑课件Firstsomaticmotorarea第一躯体运动区Position:locatedinprecentralgyrusandanteriorportionofparacentrallobule编辑课件Firstsomaticmotorarea第一躯体运动区Characters

Representationisinverted,butheadandfaceareuprightAbodypartisrepresentedbyacorticalareaproportionaltoitsuseratherthanitssizeReceivingfibersfrompostcentralgyrus,VA,VLandVPL,sendingoutfiberstoformpyramidaltract,controllingvoluntarymovements编辑课件Firstsomaticsensoryarea第一躯体感觉区Position－liesinpostcentralgyrusandposteriorportionofparacentrallobule编辑课件Firstsomaticsensoryarea第一躯体感觉区CharactersSensoryrepresentation,likemotorarea,iscrossedandinvertedReceivingandinterpretsensationfromoppositesideofbody编辑课件Auditoryarea听区LocatedintransversetemporalgyriReceiveauditoryinformationfrombothears编辑课件Visualarea视区LieoneithersideofcalcarinesulcusinmedialsurfaceofoccipitallobeVisualcortexofonehemispherereceivesimpressionfromtemporalpartofretinaofsamesideandnasalpartofoppositesideLesionsofvisualcortexproducecontralateralhomonymousvisualfielddefections编辑课件Vestibulararea平衡觉区:locatedinfrontofsuperiortemporalgyrusOlfactoryarea嗅觉区:locatedneartheuncusTastearea味觉区:locatedatfrontaloperculum编辑课件Languagearea语言中枢Itisdominantinlefthemisphereinright-handedpersonMotorspeecharea

运动性语言中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofinferiorfrontalgyrusDamage:motoraphasiaWritingarea

书写中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofmiddlefrontalgyrusDamage:agraphiaAuditoryspeecharea

听觉性语言中枢LocatedinposteriorportionofsuperiortemporalgyrusLesion:sensoryaphasiaVisualspeecharea

视觉性语言中枢LocatedinangulargyrusLesion:alexia编辑课件Lateralventricle

侧脑室Position:locatedincerebralhemispheresFourpartsCentralpart:liesinparietallobeAnteriorhorn:extendsintofrontallobePosteriorhornextendintooccipitallobeInferiorhorn:extendintotemporallobeInternalstructures编辑课件Communicationlateralventricle→interventricularforamen→thirdventricle编辑课件Basalnuclei基底核Corpusstriatum纹状体Lentiformnucleus豆状核

Caudatenucleus尾状核Claustrum屏状核Amygdaloidbody杏仁体Globuspallidus苍白球putamen壳Neostriatum新纹状体－paleostriatum旧纹状体编辑课件编辑课件WhitematterAssociationfibers

联络纤维

RunbetweengyriwithinthesamehemisphereCerebralarcuatefibers大脑弓状纤维Superiorlongitudinalfasciculi上纵束Inferiorlongitudinalfasciculi下纵束Uncinatefasciculus钩束Cingulum扣带编辑课件Commissuralfibers连合纤维－runbetweenleftandrighthemisphereCorpuscallosum胼胝体:rostrum,genu,trunk,spleniumAnteriorcommissure前连合Fornixandcommissureoffornix穹隆和穹隆连合编辑课件Projectionfibers投射纤维:connectcortexwithlowerpartofbrainandspinalcordandtheyincludebothascendinganddescendingfibers

InternalcapsulePosition:athicklaminaofwhitematterlyingbetweencaudatenucleus,thalamusandlentiformnucleus编辑课件编辑课件ThreepartsAnteriorlimbofinternalcapsule

内囊前肢LiesbetweencaudatenucleusandlentiformnucleusContainingfrontopontinetractandanteriorthalamicradiationGenuofinternalcapsule内囊膝IsangleatwhichanteriorandposteriorlimbsmeetContainingcorticonucleartractPosteriorlimbofinternalcapsule

内囊后肢LiesbetweenthalamusandlentiformnucleusContaincorticospinaltract,corticorubraltract,centralthalamicradiation,parieto-occipito-temporo-pon