Unit8基础知识讲义与练习牛津译林版九年级上册

9Aunit8基础梳理Words：【单词拓展】1．detectiven．侦探，警探→detectvt．察觉；发现→detectionn．侦查；发现2．missingadj．缺少的；丢失的→missvt．漏掉；错过；想念3．murdervt．谋杀，杀害→murdern．谋杀→murderern．凶手；谋杀犯4．untidyadj．不整洁的→tidyadj．整洁的5．guiltyadj．有罪的→guiltn．犯罪；过失；内疚→guiltilyadv．内疚地；有罪地6．truthn．事实，真相→trueadj．真实的，正确的7．crime”．犯罪活动；罪行→criminaln．罪犯→criminaladj．犯罪的，犯法的8．bleedvi．流血，出血→bloodn．血。血液9．breathevi．＆vt．呼吸→breath玑呼吸，气息10．heavilyadv．沉重地。猛烈地→heavyadj．沉重的11．kidnappingn．绑架，劫持→kidnapvi．绑架，劫持→kidnappern．绑匪，诱拐者12．wealthn．财富→wealthyadj．富有的13．safetyn．安全；保险→safeadj．安全的，保险的14．theftn．偷窃→thiefn．小偷，贼Phrases：核心词汇1．truthn．[考点点拨]truth意为“事实，真相”。speak/tellthetruth说实话。如：Hewasafraidtotellherthetruth他害怕告诉她真相。true形容词，意为“真实的”；truly副词，意为“真实地，真诚地”。etrue实现，成真。如：Thisisatruestory.这是一个真实的故事。Whathesaidistrue．他所说的是真的。Heknewhehadbehavedbadlyandheseemedtrulysorry.他知道自己表现不好，并且看上去真的很懊悔。2.lievi．[考点点拨]lie意为“说谎”，现在分词形式为lying。如：Listen!Heislyingagain听！他又在说谎。lie作动词，还意为“躺；卧；平躺”。如：Thecatlayonthesofa．那只猫躺在沙发上。3．supposevt．[考点点拨]suppose意为“猜想，假定，料想”……；suppose+that从句。如：Isupposewe'llgotherenextweek我猜想我们下周将去那儿。Whatmakesyousupposeheisconnectedwiththem?是什么促使你认为他与他们有联系呢？Weallsupposehimclever.我们所有的人都认为他很聪明。Youdon'tmindmysmoking,Isuppose.我想你不会介意我抽烟的。在英语中，含suppose的句子是用否定主句谓语的方式来否定后面宾语从句的内容（即把宾语从句的否定词not转移到否定主句谓语动词上来），这种语言现象叫作否定前移，在这种用法中，suppose意为“想，认为，猜想，料想”。如：Idon'tsupposeI'lltroubleyouagain.我想我不会再麻烦你。4．safetyn．[考点点拨]safety意为“安全”；safely副词，意为“安全地，平安地；可靠地”；safe形容词，意为“安全的；安然无恙的；可靠的；谨慎的”；safe作名词，意为“保险箱”。如：Itisnotsafetodrivelikethat.Youmustslowdown.那样开车是不安全的。你必须减速。Putthemoneyinthehotelsafeforsafety.为保险起见，请把钱放到宾馆的保险箱里。Thepilotlandedtheplanesafely.驾驶员使飞机安全降落。重要句型1.Whyareyoudressedlikethat,Eddie?埃迪，你为什么打扮成这样呢？dress作及物动词，意为“给……穿衣服，打扮”，其后常接“人”作宾语；如果接“衣服”，则用dresssbin或bedressedin结构。2．Myfoodhasgonemissing．我的食物不见了。missing意为“失去的，下落不明的，失踪的，错过的”，是由现在分词转换过来的形容词。3.HewaslastseenleavinghisofficeinNewTownatabout7pm。有人大约是在晚上七点钟左右最后一次看见他离开位于新镇的办公室。此句中beseendoingsth是看见某人正在做某事，是seesbdoingsth的被动结构；句中last表示“最后地”。 4.TheyarestillworkingatthesceneofthecrimetofindoutWhetherthevictimwaskilledsomewhereelseandthenbroughttoValleyTown,orkilledattheplacewherehewasfound．他们仍在案发现场工作，查明被害人是否被害于别的什么地方然后移尸到峡谷镇还是被害于现场。(1)whether用作连词，表示“是否”，有疑问的含义。一般情况下whether和if可以互换，都可放在ask，know，see，learn，understand，wonder等词的后面引导宾语从句。但在以下几种情况中通常只能用whether。whether用在介词后的宾语从句中。whether与ornot连用。whether从句在句首时，不能用if。whether引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，不能用if。whether与不定式连用时，不能用if。(2)else意为“其他的；别的”。else用在不定代词或特殊疑问词后面。Whatelsedoyouthinkwecandowithit?你认为我们处理那件事还能做什么？5.Thevictimwasattackedwithaknifeandbledtodeathasaresult．受害者是被（人）用刀袭击，因而流血致死。attack用作及物动词，意为“攻击；（疾病等）侵袭”。attack用作不及物动词，表示“攻击”。attack用作名词，意为“攻击；进攻；（疾病等）侵袭”。6.Itispossiblethattherewasmorethanoneattacker.凶手可能不止一个人。morethan与数词连用，意为“多于；大于；超过”，相当于over.morethan意为“不只是；不仅仅是；远不止”，相当于notonly，后面跟名词。notmore…than意为“不及；不如”，强调前者不比后者更……7.Tomgotalongwithallofhisneighboursexpectthemanwholivednextdoor．汤姆跟他的邻居相处都很好，除了住在他隔壁的那个。getalongwith意为“友好相处；取得进展”。except作介词用，意为“除了……之外，除非”，表示整体中出去部分。后可按名词、代词或从句作宾语。8.Themanneverspoketoanyoneandnooneknewwhathedidforaliving．这个男子从不跟任何人讲话，没有人知道他做什么来谋生。do…foraliving意为“做……来谋生”。9．Whyareyoudressedlikethat．Eddie?(P106)句中的bedressed意为“穿着衣服”，强调一种状态。其后常接介词in，意为“穿着……”。如：Theyoungmanwaspoorlydressed．这个年轻人衣着寒酸。Thegirlisdressedinred．这个女孩衣着红色的衣服。注意：dress用作及物动词时，意为“给……穿衣服”。此时，宾语通常只能是人，而不能是衣服。当表示自己穿衣服时，用反身代词。如：Shedressedthechildrenwell．她给孩子们穿得很好。Thebabyistooyoungtodresshimself．这个婴儿太小，不能自己穿衣服。10．Andwe'dbettershutallthewindowstoo．(P116)句中的hadbetterdosomething意为“最好做某事”，用于表示对别人的劝告、建议或是一种愿望。其否定形式应在hadbetter后加not。shut此处用作动词，意为“关上，封闭，合拢”。如：You'dbetterhavearest．你最好休息一下。You'dbetternotmissthelastbus．你最好不要错过末班公共汽车。Shutthedoorafteryou．随手关门。【拓展】shut还可作形容词，意为“关闭的；停止营业的”。如：Withthedoorshut，theroomwashotandwet．门是关闭的，所以房间里又热又湿。注意：close指把门等关到让人不能出入的程度，只表示关上；而shut指关严并紧紧闩住，强调与外界隔绝。如：Hedidnotclosethedoorwhenhelefttheroom．他离开房间时没有关门。Shutthedoorsothatthecatwon’tgetout．把门关严，别让猫跑出去。另外，表示“暂不开放”用close，表示“永不开放”用shut。如：Theswimmingpoolhasclosedforthewinter．游泳池冬天不开放。Thehotelisshut．这家旅馆不再营业了。11．Brucewonderedwhereitcamefrom．(P118)wonder多指遇到了棘手的事情，难以弄懂而引起的惊奇，如科学问题、算术问题等。常用句型有：It'sawonder…难得……；奇怪的是……。Nowonder…难怪……；……并不奇怪。如：It'sawonderyourecognizedme．难得你认得我。Nowonderheisnothungry；hehasbeeneatingsweetsallday．难怪他不饿，他整天都在吃糖果。wonder后接who，what．why，how等引导的宾语从句时，表示“想知道……，对……感到怀疑”。wonder后接if或whether引导的宾语从句时．表示一种委婉的请求。如：IwonderwhyJamesisalwayslateforschool．我想知道为什么詹姆斯上学总是迟到。Iwonderif／whetheryouwouldmindhelpingme．不知你是否介意帮我的忙。课堂练习课堂练习一、词形变换:1.Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthatis___________(miss).2.Awitnesssawaman____________(run)quicklyoutoftheSunshineShoppingMalljustnow.3.Thepolice_____________(have)threesuspectsnow.Oneisa_________(cook),theothertwoare___________(salesman).4.Hewaschargedwith____________(break)intoseveralputersystems.5.Wastheman___________(real)athissister’sweddingthatday?6.Thelittlegirlwaslastseen____________(leave)homeatabout7:00p.m.7.Todayisan___________(usual)day,becausehewonagreatprize.8.WhenshewenttofeedPolly,it____________(disappear).9.This______________(rob)happenedat3o’clockintheafternoononTuesday.10.Ithink______________(plain)toooftenisn’tagoodthing.11.Weknewwhothe_____________(murder)wasafterthepolicesolvedthecase.12.Theoldmanwasthefirstman__________(call)thepoliceaftertheaccident.13.Sofar,twowitnesses_____________(prove)thatMrLiwasnotatthesceneofthecrimeatthattime.14.Doesthefirstsuspecthavea____________(crime)record?15.IfIwerea____________(million),Iwouldhelpthe____________(need)childreninpoorcountries.16.Theyoungmanisn’ta____________(rob),I’msurehe’snot__________(guilt).17.NooneexceptMillieandDavid____________(have)beentoChinabefore.18.Theysawthesuspect____________(stand)inthedoorwayoftheshop.19.Thisstreetmaybeverydangerous,_____________(especial)atnight.20.DetectiveLusaidthathe____________(put)upadrawingofthesuspectthenextday.’llwanttoknowifthevictimhasany____________(enemy).22.On_____________(child)Day,children_______________(dress)inbeautifulclothes.23.The____________(die)ofthedogmadethefamilyverysad.24.Becareful!Theremaybesome____________(thief)onthebus.25.Ithinkit’s______________(high)possiblethatheisguilty.二、根据汉语完成句子。(10分)26.黑龙江在中国东北方。Heilongjiang____________thenortheast________China.27.长江以北今晚有大风。________be________strongwind________thenorth________theChangjiangRiver.28.我要九点才能出发,因为我有许多作业要做。I________leave________nine,becauseIhavealotofhomework________________29.澳大利亚每年这个时候是什么季节?________________________________inAustralia________this________________________?30.天气预报说明天傍晚时会转暧。Theweatherreportsaysthat________get________________tomorrow.Grammar定语从句限定性定语从句的关系代词【一语击破】1．在复合句中，定语从句用来修饰一个名词或代词。其中被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词引出。如：HeisthemanwhoIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。2．常见的关系代词有who，which和that。他们所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。(1)关系代词who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如：YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。(2)关系代词which指物，在定语从句中作主语或者宾语。如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearmyschoolisasupermarket.位于我的学校旁边的那幢大楼是一家超市。(3)关系代词that指人时，相当于who；指物时，相当于which。当其在定语从句中作宾语时可省略。如：Marylikesmusicthatissoft.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。【友情提醒】在含有定语从句的复合句中，如果关系代词作从句的主语，则从句中谓语动词的人称和数与先行词保持一致。如：NowwehavetenclasseswhichlearnFrench.现在我们有十个学法语的班。Heisamanwhoisofvaluetothepeople.他是一个有益于人民的人。3．定语从句中that和which的区别(1)不能用that，只能用which①非限定性定语从句中，即逗号之后；②介词后面不能用that，只能用which。Thisisthevillage,whichwevisitedlastsummer.这是我们去年夏天参观的乡村。Isthisthebookshopfromwhichyouboughtthebook?这是你买这本书的书店吗？(2)只能用that，不能用which①先行词是不定代词，包括all，anything，nothing，theone，much，little等。如：HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMrLeehavesaid?你记下李先生说的所有的事情了吗？②如果先行词中出现了theonly，thevery等。如：Thisistheonlywaythatwecanthinkout.这是我们能够想出的唯一的方式。③如果先行词中出现了序数词和形容词最高级。如：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.这是我曾经看过的最好的电影。④如果先行词中既有人，又有物。如：Theyaretalkingabouttheschoolandtheteachersthattheyvisitedyesterday．他们正在讨论昨天他们拜访的学校和老师们。考点精练一、单项选择()1.Weshouldstudyhardforfuture.（选出与画线部分意思相同或相近的一项）Ashall BaresupposedtoCcould D．wouldbetter()2.Simonbrokehisleg._______,hewillhavetostayathomefortwoorthreemonths.A.Foraresult B.AsaresultCInorderthat D.Asaresultof()3.AllthestudentsinClassOnewenttothecinema_______LiPing.Why?Becausehehadastomachache.A.besides BwithoutC．except D．beside()4.WhereistheSchoolEnglishSpeechContestgoingtobeheldtonight?I'mnotsureIsitinthehall_______canhold300people?Awhere BwhatCthat D．when()5.Doyouknowtheman_______istalkingtoourEnglishteacher?Awhom B.whoCwhich D．what()6.Yesterdaywasmybirthday.MyfriendsentmeaCD_______ismadebyHanGeng.A.who B.what Cwhich D.whom二、用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Theyarestillsearchingforthe_______(miss)child.2.Hewas_______(guilt)ofthemurder.3.Thesuspectwas_______(charge)withmurderinghiswife.4.Totellthe_______(true),Idon'tlikethefoodinthatrestaurant.5.WhenIgothome,mypetdogwas_______(lie)onthesofa．6.Nowpeoplehopetoeathealthilyandbegintocareaboutthe_______(safe)offood.课堂练习课堂练习一、用who,which,和that填空。1，Thebook__________youlentmewasinteresting.2,Howisthegirl__________wasbadlyhurtinthetrafficaccident?3.Thesmallmountainvillage____________wespentourholidaylastmonthliesatthesideoftheriver.4.YesterdayIhelpedanoldman_______losthisway.5,Thisisthefridge_____________heboughtyesterday.6，Marylikesmusic__________isquietandgentle.7,Hetalkedabouttheteacherandschools________hehadvisited.8,Icanhelpanyman_____________needsmyhelp.二，单项选择。()1.Ihatethepeople______don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.whoB.which.CtheyDwhere()2,Thisistheplace__________Ihaveevervisited.A.thereB.whenC.whereDwhich()3,Theyknockedhimdownand______ofhisbag.A.robB.robbedC.stealDstole()4,HehasdifficultywithhisEnglish__________,heworkshardandismakinggreatprogress.A.andB.butC.howeverDyet()5,Sallydoesn’thavetobemade___________Shealwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedDlearning()6,Theyareaskinganyonewhosaw_________lastnighttocontactthem.A.anythingunusualB.unusualanythingC.somethingunusualDunusualsomething()7,Hewas______withbreaking_______severalputersystems.A.chargingtoB.tocharge;inC.charged;intoDcharges;to()8.Whatcanhelpthepolicesolveacaseorfindwhoistherealcriminal?A.FingerprintsB.FootprintC.BloodDAlloftheabove()9,Shetoldmethattheearth_______round.A.wasB.isC.tobeDbeing()10,Theintervieweraskedhim______themurdererhadusedagun.A.whatB.whoC.whetherDthat三，用关系代词或者关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。1，Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago._________________________________________________________________________2Theoldmanisaprofessor.HeteachesChemistryinacollege._________________________________________________________________________3,BeijingHotelisneartheTian’anmenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.__________________________________________________________________________4，Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.___________________________________________________________________________5,Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.___________________________________________________________________________巩固提高一、单项填空（20分）()1.Lastnight,_______girlwaskilledinthestreet.A.a18yearold B.a18yearsold C.an18yearsold D.an18yearold()2.Anyone_______informationshouldcontactthepolice_______55501212.A.has;at B.with;on C.has;on. Dfor;at()3.Yesterdaymorning,Jimwasarrested_______stealingthings_______ashop.A.on;at B.at;in Cto;of D.for;from()4.Shewassoangryat____hewasdoing,_____shewalkedoutwithoutsayingaword.A.what9that B.that,what C.that,that D.what,what()5.Howmuchdoesthenewbike_______?I_______1,000yuan_______it.A.cost;paid;on B.worth;spent;forC.worth;spent;on D.cost;paid;for()6.Themurder_______7p.m._______1a.m.A.tookplacefrom;to B.washappenedbetween;andC.wastakenplacefrom;to D.tookplacebetween;and()7.Thewords_______byMrLiaremarked_______red.A.arewritten;in B.written;inC.arewritten;with D.written;with()8.Ileftmymobilephone_______intheshopbutIcan'tfindit_______.A.somewhere;anywhere B.somewhere;everywhereC.anywhere;everywhere D.everywhere;somewhere()9.Heisoftenseen_______intheparkeverymorning.A.walking B.towalk C.walks D.walked()10.Please_______whattimetheplanetakesoff.A.lookfor B.find C.discover D.findout()11,Inthefilm,awomanwasfound_______inherhouse.A.dies B.dead C.todie D.died()12.Thelittlegirl_______outsidealoneatnight.A.don'tdaretogo B.doesn'tdaretogoC.doesn'tdarego D.don'tdarego()13.Mymother_______upandwenttothepartylastnight.A.wore B.wasdressed C.puton D.dressed()14.Manypeopleweresick_______thebadweather.A.because B.becauseof C.on D.as()15.Inoticedthethief_______away.A.tookthewalletandrun B.takingthewalletandrunC.takethewalletandrun D.takethewalletandran()16._______between8p.mand9p.m.yesterdayevening,thebankwasrobbed.ASometimes B.Sometime C.Sometime D.Sometimes()17.Whenshecamehome,I_______forthreehours.A.havefallenasleep B.hadfallenasleepC.hasbeenasleep D.hadbeenasleep()18.I'mveryhungry.Ineed_______loavesofbread.A.twomore B.otherstwo C.twoanother D.toomuch()19.Theintervieweraskedhim_______themurdererhadusedagun.A.what B.who C.if D.that()20.Couldyoutellme_______?A.whatshehaddonewiththenewspapersB.howwecancallthisladyC.whatiswrongwiththelittleboyD.whichgateIshouldgo二、完形填空（10分）HelenworksforMrBeckmaninasmallshoeshop.Helenwassittingintheshopwhenatallman1.Themantookagun2,andsaid,"Givemeyour3!"Helen4givehimthemoneyinherdesk.Whenthemanwalkedout,Helen5himout.Helensawthetallman6acar,andatthesametimeshesawapolicemaning.Sherantothe7,putherhandinthroughthewindow,caughttheman'shairandcalledfor8.Thepolicemanranupandcaughttheman.ThemanhadtogivethemoneybacktoHelen.Helenwentbacktotheshop.Nowshewasvery9buthappybecauseshehadtakenthemoneyback.WhenHelenwentintotheshop,shefoundMrBeckmanwaswaitingforher..Hewasn'tveryglad."Helen!"hesaid."Howcanyou10theshop?"Helentoldhimaboutallthis,andhesaidalotofthankstoher.()1.A.came B.camein C.went D.wentout()2.A.on B.off C.in D.out()3.A.shoes B.time C.money D.things()4.A.hadto B.hadbetter C.didn't D.did()5.A,showedB.got C.followed D.took()6.A.getout B.gettingout C.geton D.getinto()7.A.shop B.car C.policeman D.station()8.A.money B.help C.pleasure D.people()9.A.careful B.tired C.sorry D.dangerous()10.A.keep B.do C.lookat D.leave单词拼写(12分)1.Thepolice_______（推断）thevictimwasmurderedsomewhereelse.2.Itwas_______（冷酷的）ofhimtomakethehorsecarrysomanythings.3.Thepolicearecheckingthescenefor_______（指纹）andotherclues.4.Thereareonly_______（几个）applesleftinthefridge.5.Theoldmandidn'tdoanything_______（违反）thelawinhislife.6.Jim'sparentsareveryhappybecausehehasmade_______（进步）inhisstudies.7．Twochildrenwereburntto_______（死亡）inthefire.8.Howcanhe_______（证明）thathe'snotguilty?9.Thereismuch_______（风险）ofcatchingacoldifyoudon'tputonwarmclothes.10.It'sraining_______outside.Takeyourumbrella.Iwill．Mum11.Myhousewas_______intolastnight.Badluck.Isanythingmissing?12.Mum,Ithinktherearetoomanyrules（规则）tofollowontheplane.Yes,Daniel.Butallofthemweremadetomakesureofour_______.回家作业回家作业I.单项填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的正确选项。1.Peopledidn’tknow_________duringthenight.A.whatwashappened B.whatthemurderhappenedC.whathappened D.howthemurderhashappened2._____thepolice______anyarrests?A.Have,made B.Has,made C.Are,madeD.Is,made3.Oneofthesuspectsis_________schoolboy.A.a18yearoldB.an18yearsoldC.a18yearsoldD.an18yearold4.Thepolicemanisstillnotsure______theyoungmankilledhimselforwaskilled.A.if B.that C.whether D.weather5.Thekidnapping________between9p.mand1a.m.A.tookplace B.tooktheplace C.tookplaceofD.wastakenplace6.Ifsomethingisconfirmed,itis_____.A.notsure B.nottrueC.provedtobetrueD.veryhardtosolve7.Yesterdaynightsomeone________theshopandtookawaylotsofwatches.A.breakoutB.breakupC.breakoffD.breakinto8.—Doyouknow_____?—Sorry,Idon’tknow.Youmayaskthewomanoverthere.A.whentheshopopens B.whenistheshopopenC.whendoestheshopopen D.whenwilltheshopopen9.She_______intotheroom,andgotsomemoney.Thenshe_______shoppingwithhersister.A.e;goes B.went;came C.goes;eD.came;went10.Theyoungwomanplained_____themanager_____theservicethere.A.of;to B.to;about C.of;about D.to;withII.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，共15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Ihadwalkedalongtheseaforaboutan houruntilIbegantofeelhungry.Itwasseven.AtthattimeIwasnotfarfromafavouriterestaurantofmine,whereIoftenwenttoeattwoorthreetimesaweek.Iknewtheownerwell.Iwentintotherestaurant,whichwasalreadycrowded,andorderedmymeal.WhileIwaswaiting,Ilooked11toseeifIknewanyoneintherestaurant.ThenIsawamansittingatacornertablenearthedoorkeepinglookinginmydirection,asifheknewme.Icertainlydidn’tknowhim,forIneverforgota12.Themanhadanewspaper13infrontofhim.ButIcouldseethathewaskeepingan14onme.Whenthewaiterbroughtmysoup,themanwas15puzzled(迷惑)bythefamiliar(熟悉)waythatthewaiterandIcalledeachother.Hebecameevenpuzzledas16wenton.HecouldseethatIwaswell17intherestaurant.Atlast,hegotupandwentintothekitchen.Afterafewminuteshecameoutagain,18forhismealandleft.WhenIhadfinished,Icalledtheowneroftherestaurantandaskedhim19themanhadwanted.Theownertoldmehewasadetective.“Really?”Iwas20.“Hewascertainly21inme.Butwhy?”Iasked.“Hefollowedyoubecausehethoughtyouwereamanhewaslooking22,”theownersaid.“Whenhecameintothekitchen,heshowedmea23oftheman.Hecertainlylookedlikeyou!Ofcourse,sincewe24y