Unit1+Grammar+Usage+句子成分与基本结构 高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册

AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.只工作不玩耍，聪明杰克也变傻。exploretherulesofsentenceelementsandsentencestructures.applytherulesbydoingsomeexercises.

Intoday’sclass,weshall:Unit1BacktoschoolGrammarandusage句子是表达思想的基本单位，主要的句子成分（sentenceelements）有：

主语（Subject）、

谓语（Verb）、

宾语（Object）、

定语（Attributive）、

状语（Adverbial）、

补语（Complement）、

表语（Predicative）、同位语（Appositive）等。SentenceelementsSubjectVerbObject

Complement谓语宾语补语Adverbial状语Predicative表语主语Attributive定语Theteachergaveaspeech.Manystudentsjoinschoolclub.Weshoulddevelopgoodstudyhabits.Listeningtomusicmakesmerelaxed.Maggieplansherstudycarefully.It’salovelyday.Iwenttoalargelibraryyesterday.Sentenceelements1.主语（S）表示句子表述的是“谁”或“什么”，通常由名词、代词或与其相当的结构充当。如：Thepathbeforeyouleadstoaworldfullofchallenges.

(名词)Youmustmakeeffortstoimproveyourcommunicationskills.(代词)LearningEnglishopensthedoortoacolourfulworld.

(动词-ing形式)Whatwechoosedecideswhatweare.(名词性从句)2.谓语（V）说明主语的动作或特征和状态，由动词组成。由一个动词构成的是简单谓语，由两个或更多部分构成的是复合谓语。如：Amyhasagiftformusic.(简单谓语)TheclasssizeissmallintheUK.

(简单谓语)Youwillfindyourselfgrowingintoawell-roundedindividual.

(复合谓语)Someanimalscanunderstandhumanfeelings.

(复合谓语)句子成分3.

宾语（O）表示动词动作的对象，或在介词后面与介词构成介词短语。

宾语通常由名词、代词或与其相当的结构充当。如：

MymumteachesEnglishinamiddleschool.

(名词)

Weallrespecthim.

(代词)

Iwillsupportwhateverchoiceyoumake.

(名词性从句)

有时动词后面会接两个宾语，表示人的宾语通常被称为间接宾语（indirectobject）,而表示物的宾语则被称为直接宾语（directobject).如：

Ican’twaittodescribetoyouwhatseniorhighschoollifeislike.4.

表语（P）说明主语的特征、身份、状态等，位于系动词（be,look,go,turn,become等）后，通常由名词、代词、形容词或与其相当的结构充当。如：

Todayisthestartofanewterm.

(名词)

TheonlypersonIcareaboutisyou.

(代词)

Thepossibilitiesareendless.

(形容词)

Youarewhatyoueat.

(名词性从句)5.

定语（Attr.）修饰名词或代词，表示其性质和特征，通常由形容词或与其相当的结构充当。如：Weheardanimpressivespeechlastweek.

(形容词)Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.

(动词-ing形式表示用途)Don’twakeupthesleepingchild.

(动词-ing形式表示状态)

定语有时还会置于名词或代词之后。如：Youwillhavetheopportunity

toacquiregreatknowledge.

(动词不定式)Potentialisyournaturalabilitythatcanbedevelopedwhenyoutryhardenough.

(定语从句)6.

状语（A）修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示方式、程度、语气等，通常由副词或与其相当的结构充当。如：Carefullyplanyourstudy.

(副词表方式)Sheisverycarefulaboutwhatshesays.

(副词表程度)Hedidquitewellintheproject.

(副词表程度)Honestly,

Idon’tmindifyouwanttoleavenow.

(副词表语气)GuidedbymyEnglishteacher,

Ienteredawonderland.

(分词作状语表方式)Makehaywhilethesunshines.

(状语从句表时间)7.

补语（C）用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或状态，由名词、动词、形

容词等充当。如：TheNewYorkCityiscalledtheBigApple.

(名词作主补)Mr.Xuencouragesustorealizeourpotential.

(动词不定式作宾补)Wepaintedthewallgreen.

(形容词作宾补)8.

同位语（apposition）对主语、宾语、表语进行解释，通常由名词、代

词、数词或与其相当的结构充当。如：Youtwowaithere.

(与主语同位)Wewereshockedbythenewsthathediedintheaccident.

(与宾语同位)Ms.Xuisourprincipal,averypopularteacher.

(与表语同位)主语谓语宾语状语主语定语系动词表语Practice谓语宾语状语主语谓语宾语宾补状语状语主语谓语主补Onthefirstdayofschool,MissYangaveashortspeechabouttheimportanceofsettinggoals.Payattentiontotheunderlinedsentencesandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.AlbertEinsteinsaid,“Ifyouwanttoliveahappylife,tieittoagoal.”(1)Iagree.Goalsareimportantinmanyways.(2)Settinggoalsgivesyouafocusinlife.Bysettinggoalsnow,youaredecidingwhatyouwanttoachieveinthefuture.Thenyouknowwhereyouaregoinginlifeandcanworkhardtogetthere.Settinggoalsalsohelpsyoudevelopgoodhabits.Torealizeyourgoals,youneedtohaveagoodplan,manageyourtimewellandpayattentiontodetails.(3)Thesehabitswillbehelpful.Finally,(4)settinggoalsmakesyoumoreconfident.Whenyouachieveagoal,youseetheresultofyourhardworkandknowhowmuchprogressyouhavemade.Agoalisadreamthatneedsaction.Asaresultofyouraction,yourdreamwillcometrueandhopefully(5)youwillliveahappylife.———————————————————————————ExploringtherulesSubjectVerbIagree.SubjectVerbPredictiveSubject

VerbObjectSubjectVerbIndirectobjectDirectobjectSubjectVerbObjectObjectcomplement

Thesehabitswillbehelpful.Youwillhaveahappylife.Settinggoalsgivesyouafocusinlife.Settinggoalsmakesyoumoreconfident.Subject+Verb(SV)Subject+Verb+Predicative(SVP)Subject+Verb+Object(SVO)Subject+Verb+Indirectobject+Directobject(SVOO)Subject+Verb+Object+Objectcomplement(SVOC)Rule1:Thesubjectandthe________arenecessarypartsofasentence.

verb

WorkingouttherulesWorkingouttheRulesSubject+Verb(SV)Subject+Verb+Predicative(SVP)Subject+Verb+Object(SVO)Subject+Verb+Indirectobject+Directobject(SVOO)Subject+Verb+Object+Objectcomplement(SVOC)Rule1

Thesubjectandthe__________arenecessarypartsofasentence.verbFindthesubjectsandtheverbsofthefollowingsentences.1.Yourtimeandeffortatseniorhighschoolwillopen

thedoortoyourpotential.

2.Thepathbeforeyouleadstoaworldfullofchallenges.3.Potentialcanbedevelopedwhenyoutryhardenough.WorkingouttheRulesSujectVerbSubjectVerbSubjectVerb1.You

willdiscover

yourpotential

whileyoudevelopasastudentandasaperson.2.Youwillfindyourselfgrowingintoawell-roundedindividual.Rule2:Atransitiveverbisalwaysfollowedbya(n)_________.Objectsareusually_______or___________._WorkingouttheRulesobjectnounspronounssubjectverbobjectRule3:Someverbscanhavetwoobjects.

Theindirectobjectusuallyreferstoapersonandthedirectobjectathing.S+V+IO+DOSettinggoalsgivesyou

afocusinlife.MyEnglishteacherBengaveme

apresentformyhardwork.WorkingouttheRulesPractice1.Brainstorm.Whatverbshavewelearnedthatcantaketwoobjects? ?sb.sth.2.MakesentencesusingS+V+IO+DOstructure.e.g.Swimmingintheseainthesummergivesmeafeelingofrelaxation.

主

谓vi结构

主

谓vt宾结构vi.不+宾语———————vt.+宾语*Thesunroseintheeast.*Themoneyhasrunout.*Helistenedsilently.*Heraisedhishand.*Hehasrunoutofthemoney.

*Helistenedtomusicsilently.Hecanhearthemusic.

接双宾的动词(双宾动词)——两种格式：

Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.(bringmesth)Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.(makemesth)*用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人

give,show,send,bring,offer,lend,hand,pass,post,take,

throw等。*用for侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人make,buy,do,cook,sing,order,book(预定),keep,save等。

能带宾补的动词(宾补动词)：1.感官动词：see,watch,lookat,observe,notice,feel,find,hear,listento+宾语+do/doing/done2.使让动词：have,make+宾语+do/done;keep/leave+宾语+doing/done

get+宾语+todo/done3.其它：

advise,allow,permit,forbid,like,want,wish,expect,

require,request,ask,order,command(+宾语+todo)

ApplyingtheRulesP7B1Markthedifferentelementsofeachsentencewithdifferentsymbols.

1.You

willfind

(seniorhigh)school

differentfrom(juniorhigh)school.2.(Your)schoolwork

willbe

morechallenging.3.We

willgive

you

(more)independence.4.You

shouldlisten

[morecarefully].5.You

canjoin

aclub.6.(Your)teachers

willhelp

you

[in(many)ways].7.You

willsucceed.

B2Belowaresometipsaboutsettinggoals.Matchtheunderlinedsentenceswiththecorrectstructures.Writethelettersintheboxes.cbdgeafTheleaveshaveturnedyellow.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.Theredsunrisesintheeast.Theboysmustlookaftertheirthings.TheEnglishclassbeginsateighto'clock.Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.