运动系统总论-osteology-Thebonesoftrunk课件

运动系统

LocomotorsystemVol1.013thFeb2012广西医科大学邓琼英Copyright©2012QiongyingDengAllRightsReserved

Compositionoflocomotorsystembone骨

articulation关节

muscle骨骼肌

Numbers:206

(include6auditoryossicles听小骨)Classification:

AccordingtoregionSkull颅骨Bonesoftrunk躯干骨Appendicularbones

附肢骨auditoryossiclesChapter1

osteologyThegeneraldiscriptionSection1Accordingtoshape

4kinds

LongboneShortboneFlatboneIrregularboneshaftUpperextremitylowerextremityepiphysisepiphysismetaphysisLongboneEpipysiallineEpiphysialcartilageEpiphysisLateralviewofvertebraSuperiorviewofvertebraIrregularboneSesamoidbone籽骨Pneumaticbone含气骨SesamoidboneShortboneLongboneThebonesinhandredbonemarrowyellowbonemarrowTheStructureofBonesLivingbonesincludethefollowingcomponents:bonysubstancePeriosteumbonemarrowBloodvesselandnervesupplycompactbonespongybonefibrousmembranevascularmembraneTheshape&structureofbonesLongboneArticularsurfacePeriosteum

CompactboneSpongyboneMadullarycavityBonemarrowEpiphysialcartilage(Epiphysialline)1123336554477Theshape&structureofbonesFlatboneIrregularboneCompactbone(Outerplate)Compactbone(Innerplate)SpongyboneCompactboneSpongybone(Dioploë)板障Whattypeofbonearetheybelongto?Tarsalbones(跗骨)Metatarsalbones(跖骨)Sesamoidbones(籽骨)TheChemicalCompositionandPhysicalPropertiesofBoneLivingbonesareplastictissueswith

organicandinorganiccomponentsTheorganicmaterialgivesthebonesresilienceandtoughness;theinorganicsaltsgivethemhardnessandrigidityThephysicalpropertiesofthebonesdependuponthechemicalcomponentwhichchangewithageNormaladult:organiccomponents/inorganic

components

is3/7骨的化学成份和物理性质有机质（骨胶原纤维束和粘多糖蛋白）

——弹性、韧性无机质（碱性磷酸钙）

——硬性、脆性正常成人比例:有机质/无机质约为3:7膜化骨软骨化骨TheDevelopmentofBones(self-study)Whatistheanatomicalposition?Howmanytypesofboneaccordingtotheirshapes？andwhatisthecharacteristicsineachpart？Whatisthestructureofbones？Questions1.Vertebrae(24)2.Sternum(1)3.Ribs(12)4.Sacrum(1)5.Coccyx(1)ThebonesoftrunkSection2VertebralbodyPedicleofvertebralarch椎弓根Laminaofvertebralarch椎弓板VertebralforamenSuperiorarticularprocess(2)Inferiorarticularprocess(2)SpinousprocessTransverseprocess(2)

2+3=Vertebralarch

Notchinneighbourvertebralpedicleconsistofthe

intervertebralforamen112223345677888Generalfeaturesofthevertebrae椎骨的一般形态椎体椎弓根椎弓板棘突1横突2上关节突2下关节突2椎间孔椎上切迹椎孔椎弓椎下切迹AnteriorarchAnteriortubercleTransverseforamenTransverseprocessVertebralforamenDentalfoveaPosteriorarchThefirstcervicalvertebra(Atlas)A.

Superiorview

Superiorarticularsurface

GrooveforvertebralarteryB.Inferiorview

Inferiorarticularsurface112233334444

5566

778ABThesecondcervicalvertebra(axis)1.Dens齿突2.Superiorarticularsurface3.Transverseprocess4.Transverseforamen5.Vertebralforamen6.Spinousprocess7.Inferiorarticularsurface11227744336225112345789103th-6thcervicalvertebrae7thcervicalvertebraVertebralbodyTransverseforamenTransverseprocessVertebralforamenSuperiorarticularsurfaceInferiorarticularsurfaceSpinousprocessVertebralarchAnteriortuberclePosteriortubercleThespecialcharacteristicsofcervicalvertebraesmallVertebralbodyPartlybifidspinousprocessVertebralforamenisnearlytriangular,largeTransverseforamenAtlas寰椎Axis枢椎VertebraProminens隆椎VertebralbodyPedicleofvertebralarchLaminaofvertebralarchVertebralforamenSuperiorarticularprocess(2)Inferiorarticularprocess(2)SpinousprocessTransverseprocess(2)SuperiorcostalfoveaInferiorcostalfoveaTransvercostalfovea11222334567788891011991111ThoracicvertebraelargervertebralbodyVertebralforamenisnearlycircularArticularfacetsofarticularprocessarerelativelycoronarySuperior\inferiorcostalfoveaofthebodiesTransvercostalfoveaThespecialcharacteristicsofthoracicvertebraeLumbervertebraeVertebralbodyPedicleofvertebralarchLaminaeofvertebralarchVertebralforamenSuperiorarticularprocess(2)Inferiorarticularprocess(2)SpinousprocessTransverseprocess(2)SuperiorviewLateralviewLarge,thickvertebralbodyiskidney-shapedVertebralforamenistriangularThespinousprocessisheavy,rectangularandstrong,posteriordirections4.Thearticularprocessesarealmoststraight5.relativelysagittal

articularfacetsThespecialcharacteristicsoflumbarvertebrae

Sacrum&CoccyxAnteriorviewPosnteriorviewBaseofsacrumPromontoryofsacrumAlaofsacrumSacralcanalLateralpartAnteriorsacralforaminaPosteriorsacralforaminaTransverselineApesofsacrumArticularsurfaceMediansacralSacralhiatusSacralcornuIntermediatesacralCoccygeal

cornu12345679101112131415sternumJugularnotchClavicularnotchCostalnotchfor1stribManubrium

sterniSternalangleCostalnotchBodyofsternumXiphoidprocess123457586866AnteriorviewLateralviewManubriumsterniBodyofsternumXiphoidprocessTrueribsFalseribsFloatingribsRibs:Costalbone+Costalcartil