人工合成基因组课件

人工生命—artificiallife2007年6月美国科学家克雷格•文特尔和他领导的研究小组宣布，他们首次实现了完整的基因组在物种间的移植，这一成功为首个「人造生命」的降生奏响了序曲。文特尔说，这次成功让他向着制造出首个「人造生命」又迈进一步，他将在几个月内利用人工合成的基因组展开类似的移植试验，实现科研史上零的突破。如果试验成功，文特尔就能宣布他造出全球第一个「合成生命」形式。2010年5月20日

J.CraigVenterInstitute(JCVI),anot-for-profitgenomicresearchorganization,publishedresultstodaydescribingthesuccessfulconstructionofthefirstself-replicating,syntheticbacterialcell.Theteamsynthesizedthe1.08millionbasepair(1080kb)chromosomeofamodifiedMycoplasmamycoidesgenome.ThesyntheticcelliscalledMycoplasmamycoidesJCVI-syn1.0andistheproofofprinciplethatgenomescanbedesignedinthecomputer,chemicallymadeinthelaboratoryandtransplantedintoarecipientcelltoproduceanewself-replicatingcellcontrolledonlybythesyntheticgenome.ThisresearchwillbepublishedbyDanielGibsonetalintheMay20theditionofScienceExpressandwillappearinanupcomingprintissueofScience.

Genometransplantationinbacteria:changingonespeciestoanother天然完整基因组种间转移:Asasteptowardpropagationofsyntheticgenomes,wecompletelyreplacedthegenomeofabacterialcellwithonefromanotherspeciesbytransplantingawholegenomeasnakedDNA.IntactgenomicDNAfromMycoplasmamycoides（蕈状支原体

）largecolony(LC),virtuallyfreeofprotein,wastransplantedintoMycoplasmacapricolum（山羊支原体）

cellsbypolyethyleneglycol(PEG)-mediatedtransformation.Cellsselectedfortetracyclineresistance,carriedbytheM.mycoidesLCchromosome,containthecompletedonorgenomeandarefreeofdetectablerecipientgenomicsequences.ThesecellsthatresultfromgenometransplantationarephenotypicallyidenticaltotheM.mycoidesLCdonorstrainasjudgedbyseveralcriteria.---Science.2007Aug3;317:632-8合成基因组---Science论文Science2July2010:Vol.329.no.5987,pp.52-56CreationofaBacterialCellControlledbyaChemicallySynthesizedGenomeDanielG.Gibson,1JohnI.GlassetalWereportthedesign,synthesis,andassemblyofthe1.08–mega–basepairMycoplasmamycoidesJCVI-syn1.0genomestartingfromdigitizedgenomesequenceinformationanditstransplantationintoaM.capricolumrecipientcelltocreatenewM.mycoidescellsthatarecontrolledonlybythesyntheticchromosome.TheonlyDNAinthecellsisthedesignedsyntheticDNAsequence,including"watermark"sequencesandotherdesignedgenedeletionsandpolymorphisms,andmutationsacquiredduringthebuildingprocess.Thenewcellshaveexpectedphenotypicpropertiesandarecapableofcontinuousself-replication.合成生命的基本操作程序酵母中克隆细菌全基因组策略NucleicAcidsResearch,2010,Vol.38,No.8酵母中克隆支原体全基因组NucleicAcidsResearch,2010,Vol.38,No.8合成基因组结构图人工合成基因组中的水印Thesecretaminoacidmessagescontainedin"watermarks"thatwereembeddedintheworld’sfirstmanmadebacterialgenome.NCBIcheckedintothegeneticsequencesubmittedbyVenter’sInstituteandfoundthewatermarkshiddeninplainsight.Thefivecodedmessagesthatwillgodowninhistoryasembeddedinthefir