非临床儿童行为抑制、大五人格特质、焦虑性障碍症状间关系探讨课件

非临床儿童行为抑制、大五人格特质、焦虑性障碍症状间关系探讨1.Introduction引言·Behavioralinhibitionisatemperamenttypologyreferringtochildren’stendencytoreactwithshyness,fear,andwithdrawaltonovelty,unfamiliarity,andstrain.行为抑制的表现：儿童害羞，胆怯，对新异、不熟悉、紧张刺激表现出退缩倾向Surprisinglylittleresearch

hasbeenconductedontheunderlyingpersonalityfactorsofthis

temperamentcharacteristic.前人并没有详细研究行为抑制的潜在人格因素Someauthorshavearguedthatbehavioralinhibitionistheobservablemanifestationofthefundamentalpersonalitytraitofneuroticism,whichcanbedefinedastheenduringtendencytoexperiencenegativeemotionalstates.有研究表明行为抑制与“神经质”关系密切。（神经质：持续性处于消极情绪状态）Anotherbasicpersonalitytraitthathasbeenassociatedwithbehavioralinhibitionisextraversion.行为抑制还与“外向性”相关·Moreover,becausebehavioralinhibitionhasrarelybeeninvestigatedincombinationwithneuroticismandextraversion,itremainsunclearwhetherthistemperamentcharacteristicaccountsforuniquevarianceinanxietysymptomsbeyondthesebasicpersonalitytraits.那么，高神经质与低外向性能否解释行为抑制儿童焦虑症状的产生？Fromapsychopathologyperspective,behavioralinhibitionisofinterestbecausevariousstudieshavedemonstratedthatthistemperamentfeatureisassociatedwiththedevelopmentofanxietysymptoms.同时，大量研究表明行为抑制常常与焦虑症状的产生有关。·Notonlysocialphobia,butalsoseparationanxietydisorderandmultipleanxietydisordersweresignificantlymoreprevalentamongchildrenwithbehavioralinhibition.

此外，社交恐惧症、分离焦虑、多重焦虑紊乱也同行为抑制有关。Inthisway,itbecamepossibletoinvestigate于是，本文将研究一下问题：(a)correlationsamongbehavioralinhibition,personalitytraits,andanxietydisordersymptoms,行为抑制、人格特质、焦虑症状间相关关系(b)towhatextent

neuroticism,extraversion,andotherpersonalitytraitsaccountforuniquevarianceinbehavioralinhibition,神经质、外向性及其他人格特质对行为抑制的解释力如何(c)whetherbehavioralinhibitionaccountsforuniquevarianceinanxietydisordersymptomsaftercontrollingforBigFivepersonalitytraits.在控制人格因素后，行为抑制对焦虑症状的解释力如何？2.Method方法部分

2.1.Participants被试

·Eventually,duetomissingdataandchildrenbeingabsentduringtheassessmentsession,dataof226children(109boysand117girls)andparents(155mothers,16fathers,39bothparents,and16othercaretakers)werecollected.除去流失被试，最后有226名儿童（男孩109名）及相应数量的父母（母亲166名、父亲16名、39对夫妇、16名其它看护者）参加测试。Thesechildrenhadameanageof10.54years(SD=1.05,range9–12years)andmorethan85%ofthemwerefromoriginalDutchdescent.这些儿童平均年龄10.54岁，其中85%为荷兰籍儿童。2.2.Questionnaires

Non-clinicalchildrenaged9–12yearscompletedself-reportscalesformeasuringbehavioralinhibition,BigFivepersonalitytraits(includingneuroticismandextraversion),andanxietydisorder

symptoms.儿童完成三份自评量表，分别测量行为抑制、人格特质、焦虑症状Asparentsfilledoutsimilarquestionnairestoassesslevelsofbehavioralinhibition,personalityfactors,andanxietysymptomsintheirchildren,itbecamealsopossibletoexaminethesameresearchissuesfromtheparents’perspective.父母完成同样三份量表，以便于儿童自评的量表比较。BehavioralInhibitionQuestionnaire

(BIQ)行为抑制量表BigFiveQuestionnaireforChildren(BFQ-C)大五人格量表（儿童版）ScreenforChildAnxietyRelatedEmotionalDisorders(SCARED-R)儿童焦虑情绪障碍筛查问卷3.Results实验结果

3.1.Generalstatistics一般性统计

Significantsexdifferenceswerefoundforanumberofvariables.某些变量出现了显著的性别差异Inthelightofthesedifferences,itwasdecidedtocontrolforsexinallfurtheranalyses.因此在后续统计分析中，将性别作为控制因素。3.2.Correlationsamongbehavioralinhibition,personalityfactors,andanxiety相关分析

Behavioralinhibitionwasnegativelyassociatedwithextraversion,agreeableness,andintellect/openness

,whereassmallbutpositivelinkswereobservedwithneuroticism

.行为抑制与外向性、宜人性、开放性显著正相关；与神经质微弱正相关。Asubstantialpositivecorrelationwasfoundbetweenbehavioralinhibitionandanxietydisordersymptoms.行为抑制与焦虑症状显著正相关Finally,theBigFivepersonalityfactorofneuroticismwasalsoclearlyandpositivelyrelatedtoanxietydisorder,whereassmallbutsignificantnegativecorrelations

wereobservedbetweenextraversion,agreeableness,andintellect/openness(onlyparent-report)andsuchsymptoms.神经质与焦虑症状显著正相关，而外向性、宜人性、开放性与焦虑症状显著负相关。3.3.Predictingbehavioralinhibitionfrompersonalityfactors回归分析

Extraversion

clearlywasthestrongestpredictorofaninhibited

temperament:asexpected,betavalueswerenegative,indicatingthatlowerlevelsofextraversionwereassociatedwithhigherlevelsofbehavioralinhibition.外向性能很好的预测行为抑制：外向程度越低，行为抑制程度越高。Further,neuroticismalsoconsistentlymadeasmallbutuniquecontributiontobehavioral

inhibition:thepositivebetaspointedoutthathigherlevelsofthispersonalityfactorwereassociatedwithhigherlevelsofbehavioralinhibition.神经质也可预测行为抑制：神经质程度越高，行为抑制程度越高Togetherpersonalityfactorsaccountedfor49%(childreport)

to52%(parent-report)ofthevarianceinbehavioralinhibitionscores.人格特质可以解释49%-52%的行为抑制反应。3.4.Predictinganxietysymptomsfrombehavioralinhibitionandpersonalityfactors多层回归

Hierarchicalregressionanalyseswereconductedinwhichchildren’sanxietydisordersymptomswerepredictedfromsex(step1),

BigFivepersonalityfactors(step2),andbehavioralinhibition(step3).对焦虑症状进行多层回归分析：性别、人格特质、行为抑制·Overalltheresultsindicatedthatbetween37%(parent-report)and47%(child-report)ofthevarianceinSCARED-Rscorescouldbeexplainedbythepredictorvariables(seeTable4).以上变量可以解释焦虑症状的37%-47%。4.Discussion

·Theregressionanalysesindicatedthatabouthalfofthetotalvarianceinchildren’sbehavioralinhibitionscorescouldbeexplainedbyBigFivepersonalityfactors.·Thissuggeststhattheremightstillbeotherindividualdifferencevariablesinvolved.Oneobviouscandidateiseffortfulcontrol回归分析表明人格因素可解释约50%的行为抑制得分。其余可能还有努力控制（一种调控情绪的执行功能）Thefactthatbehavioralinhibitionandpersonalityfactorsonlyaccountedforupto42%ofthevarianceinchildren’sanxietyscoresisinagreementwiththecurrentmultifactorialmodelswhichassumethatthistypeofpsychopathologymaybetheresultofawiderangeofvulnerabilityfactors,includingparent–childattachment,fearfulparenting,stressfullifeevents,andspecificlearning

experiences.行为抑制与人格因素仅解释42%焦虑症状的原因：焦虑可能由其他因素引起：依恋质量、父母的恐惧、压力