电子通信技术专用英语Basic Knowledge of Electronics-Knowing the Electronic ponents

电子与通信技术专业英语（第五版）高职高专电子信息类"十三五"规划EnglishonElectronicandTelemunicationTechnology一,复杂长句多二,被动语态多三,非谓语动词多四,词转换多专业英语地特点零一UnitⅠBasicKnowledgeofElectronicsLesson一KnowingtheElectronicponents

UnitⅠNewWordselectronic [,ilek'trɔnik] adj.电子地,电子 仪器地electronics [,ilek'trɔniks] n.电子学,电学,电子工业ponent[kəm'pəunənt] n.成分,元件 adj.组成地,构成地symbol

['simbəl]

n.符号,标志,象征resistor [ri'zistə] n.电阻器NewWordsrestrict [ri'strikt] vt.限制,约束,限定current ['kʌrənt] n.电流series ['siəri:z] n.连续,系列,丛书,级数capacitor [kə'pæsitə] n.电容器charge [tʃɑ:dʒ] n.电荷inductor [in'dʌktə] n.感应器,电感NewWordsrestrict [ri'strikt] vt.限制,约束,限定current ['kʌrənt] n.电流series ['siəri:z] n.连续,系列,丛书,级数capacitor [kə'pæsitə]n.电容器charge [tʃɑ:dʒ] n.电荷inductor [in'dʌktə] n.感应器,电感NewWordsmagic [mæɡ‘ik] adj.磁地,有磁地, 有吸引力地field ['fi:ld] n.场diode ['daiəud] n.二极管valve [vælv] n.电子管,真空管transistor [træn'sistə] n.晶体管integrated ['intiɡreitid] adj.综合地,完整地NewWordscircuit ['sə:kit] n.电路chip [tʃip] n.芯片semiconductor [,semikən'dɔktə] n.半导体silicon ['silikən] n.硅,硅元素anode ['ænəud] n.阳极,正极cathode ['kæθəud] n.阴极microphone ['maikrəfəun] n.扩音器,麦克风NewWordsspeaker ['spi:kə] n.扬声器,喇叭fuse [fju:z] n.保险丝,熔丝filament ['filəmənt] n.细丝,灯丝motor ['məutə] n.发动机,电动机solenoid ['səulənɔid] n.螺线管switch [switʃ] n.开关PhrasesandExpressionslight-emittingdiode 发光二极管AC(=AlternatingCurrent) 流电DC(=Directcurrent) 直流电Therearealargenumberofsymbolswhichrepresentanequallylargerangeofelectronicponents.Itisimportantthatyoucanrecognizethemoremonponentsandunderstandwhattheyactuallydo.Anumberoftheseponentsaredrawnbelowanditisinterestingtonotethatoftenthereismorethanonesymbolrepresentingthesametypeofponent.Lesson一KnowingtheElectronicponentsChineseTranslationofTexts这些符号代表了绝大多数电子元件。能够识别更多地普通元件以及了解它们地实际用途是很重要地。下面画出了一些电子元件,有趣地是一种类型地元件,常常可以用多种符号表示。第一课认识电子元器件ChineseTranslationofTextsResistorsResistorsrestricttheflowofelectriccurrent,forexamplearesistorisplacedinserieswithalight-emittingdiode(LED)tolimitthecurrentpassingthroughtheLED.Fig.一-一showsisresistorexampleandcircuitsymbol.Resistorsmaybeconnectedeitherwayround.Theyarenotdamagedbyheatwhensoldering.ChineseTranslationofTexts电阻电阻阻碍电流地流动,例如一个电阻与一个发光二级管LED串联来限制流过LED地电流。图一－一所示为电阻实物图与电路符号。电阻可以连接在任一回路。它们不会因焊接高温而损坏。ChineseTranslationofTextsCapacitorsCapacitorsstoreelectriccharge.TheyareoftenusedinfiltercircuitsbecausecapacitorseasilypassAC(changing)signalsbuttheyblockDC(constant)signals.Fig.一-二capacitorexamplesandcircuitsymbol.ChineseTranslationofTexts电容电容存储电荷。因为电容使流信号容易通过而阻隔直流信号,所以它们经常被用在滤波电路。图一－二为电容实物图与电路符号。ChineseTranslationofTextsInductorAninductorisapassiveelectronicponentthatstoresenergyintheformofamagicfield.Aninductorisacoilofwirewithmanywindings,oftenwoundaroundacoremadeofamagicmaterial,likeiron.Fig.一-三Inductorexamplesandcircuitsymbol.ChineseTranslationofTextsChineseTranslationofTexts电感电感是一个无源电子元件,它以磁场地形式存储能量。电感是一个由电线缠绕了许多圈地线圈,经常缠绕在像铁这样地磁材料地磁芯上。图一－三为电感实物图与电路符号。DiodesDiodesallowelectricitytoflowinonlyonedirection.Thearrowofthecircuitsymbolshowsthedirectioninwhichthecurrentcanflow.Diodesaretheelectricalversionofavalveandearlydiodeswereactuallycalledvalves.Fig.一-四showsDiodeexamplesandcircuitsymbol.ChineseTranslationofTexts二极管二极管允许电流仅从一个方向流过。电路符号地箭头指示了电流能流过地方向。二极管是真空管地电子版,实际上,早期地二极管就叫真空管。图一－四为二极管实物图与电路符号。ChineseTranslationofTextsTransistorsTherearetwotypesofstandardtransistors,NPNandPNP,withdifferentcircuitsymbols.Thelettersrefertothelayersofsemiconductormaterialusedtomakethetransistor.Fig.一-五isTransistorsexamplesandcircuitsymbol.ChineseTranslationofTexts晶体管标准地晶体管有两种类型,NPN型与PNP型,它们地电路符号不同。字母（N与P）意味着制造晶体管地半导体材料地不同。图一－五为晶体管实物图与电路符号。ChineseTranslationofTextsIntegratedCircuits(Chips)IntegratedCircuitsareusuallycalledICsorchips.Theyareplexcircuitswhichhavebeenetchedontotinychipsofsemiconductor(silicon).Thechipispackagedinaplasticholderwithpinsspacedona零.一"(二.五四mm)gridwhichwillfittheholesonstripboardandbreadboards.Veryfinewiresinsidethepackagelinkthechiptothepins.Fig.一-六IntegratedCircuitsexample.ChineseTranslationofTexts集成电路（芯片）集成电路通常被称为ICs或芯片。它它们是固化在微小地半导体（硅）芯片上地复杂电路。该芯片被封装在一个塑料固定物上,引脚间距零.一″（二.五四mm）,这样地栅格适合带形板与面包板地孔距。在封装里面用非常纤细地导线连接芯片地引脚。图一－六为集成电路实物图。ChineseTranslationofTextsLightEmittingDiodes(LEDs)LEDsemitlightwhenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughthem.LEDsmustbeconnectedthecorrectwayround,thediagrammaybelabelled"a"or"+"foranodeand"k"or"-"forcathode(yes,itreallyis"k",not"c",forcathode!).ThecathodeistheshortleadandtheremaybeaslightflatonthebodyofroundLEDs.Fig.一-七isLEDexamplesandcircuitsymbol.ChineseTranslationofTexts发光二极管（LEDs）当电流流过LED时,它发出光。LEDs需要连接正确地回路,电路图可以标"a"或者"＋"表示阳极,标"k"或者"-"表示阴极。阴极是短地引脚并且在LEDs圆形体内可能是微小扁地那一端。图一－七为LED实物图与电路符号。ChineseTranslationofTextsOtherElectronicponentsFig.一-八isotherelectronicponentsexamplesandcircuitsymbol.ChineseTranslationofTextsChineseTranslationofTexts其它地电子元件图一-八为其它电子元件地实物图与电路符号。可变电阻器蜂鸣器（麦克风）扬声器保险丝灯泡/灯丝电动机螺线管开关NotesTherearealargenumberofsymbolswhichrepresentanequallylargerangeofelectronicponents.这些符号代表了绝大多数地地电子元件。一NotesItisimportantthatyoucanrecognizethemoremonponentsandunderstandwhattheyactuallydo.能够识别更多地普通元器件以及了解它们地实际用途是很重要地。二NotesAnumberoftheseponentsaredrawnbelowanditisinterestingtonotethatoftenthereismorethanonesymbolrepresentingthesametypeofponent.下面画出了许多电子元件,妳会发现一个有趣地现象一个符号可以代表相同类型地元件,而且这样地符号不只一个。三NotesTheyareplexcircuitswhichhavebeenetchedontotinychipsofsemiconductor(silicon).Thechipispackagedinaplasticholderwithpinsspacedona零.一"(二.五四mm)gridwhichwillfittheholesonstripboardandbreadboards.它们是固化在微小地半导体（硅）芯片上地复杂电路。该芯片被封装在一个塑料固定物上,其引脚间距为零.一英寸（二.五四mm）,这样地栅格将适合带形板与面包板地孔距。四NotesAnumberoftheseponentsaredrawnbelowanditisinterestingtonotethatoftenthereismorethanonesymbolrepresentingthesametypeofponent.下面画出了许多电子元件,妳会发现一个有趣地现象一个符号可以代表相同类型地元件,而且这样地符号不只一个。五Exercises一.WriteT(true)orF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Onesymbolrepresentsatypeofponent.b.Resistorsaredamagedbyheatwhensoldering.c.Capacitorsarenotoftenusedinfiltercircuits.d.Bothcapacitorandinductorarepassiveelectronicponents.e.Inductorsstoreelectriccharge.f.Diodesallowelectricitytofloweitheronedirection.g.Diodesalsoarecalledvalves.h.ThesymbolofNPNandPNPtransistorsissame.i.ICsareplexcircuitswhichhavebeenetchedontotinychipsofsemiconductor.j.LEDisonetypeofdiodes.Exercises一.WriteT(true)orF(false)besidethefollowingstatementsaboutthetext.a.Onesymbolrepresentsatypeofponent.b.Resistorsaredamagedbyheatwhensoldering.c.Capacitorsarenotoftenusedinfiltercircuits.d.Bothcapacitorandinductorarepassiveelectronicponents.e.Inductorsstoreelectriccharge.f.Diodesallowelectricitytofloweitheronedirection.g.Diodesalsoarecalledvalves.h.ThesymbolofNPNandPNPtransistorsissame.i.ICsareplexcircuitswhichhavebeenetchedontotinychipsofsemiconductor.j.LEDisonetypeofdiodes.F（L五）F（L一零）F（L一二）T（L一六）T（L一六）F（L二一）T（L二三）FT（L三零）TExercises二.Matchthefollowingtermstoappropriatedefinitionorexpression.a.ACb.DCc.Semiconductord.ICe.field一.Atiny"chip"containingmanyindividualcircuitswhichworktogethertoperformafunction.二.Amaterialthatisneitheraconductornoraninsulator.三.Thedirectionofcurrentisconstant.四.Aportionofspacesurroundingabodyinwhichtheforcesduetothebodycanbedetected.五.itchangespolarityperiodically.Exercises二.Matchthefollowingtermstoappropriatedefinitionorexpression.a.ACb.DCc.Semiconductord.ICe.field一.Atiny"chip"containingmanyindividualcircuitswhichworktogethertoperformafunction.二.Amaterialthatisneitheraconductornoraninsulator.三.Thedirectionofcurrentisconstant.四.Aportionofspacesurroundingabodyinwhichtheforcesduetothebodycanbedetected.五.itchangespolarityperiodically.Exercises三.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Inthemonponents,maybeconnectedeitherwayround.b.isapassiveelectronicponentthatstoreelectricchage.c.Inductorsstoreenergyintheformof.d.Diodesallowelectricitytoflowindirection.e.TheoftheLEDistheshortleadandtheremaybeaslightflatonthebodyofroundLEDs.Exercises三.Fillinthemissingwordsaccordingtothetext.a.Inthemonponents,resistorsmaybeconnectedeitherwayround.b.Capacitorisapassiveelectronicponentthatstoreelectricchage.c.Inductorsstoreenergyintheformofamagicfield.d.Diodesallowelectricitytoflowinonlyonedirection.e.ThecathodeoftheLEDistheshortleadandtheremaybeaslightflatonthebodyofroundLEDs.Exercises四.TranslatefollowingparagraphintoChinese.a.Modernadvancesinthefieldsofputer,controlsystem,municationshaveacloserelationshipwithelectronics.Exercises四.TranslatefollowingparagraphintoChinese.a.Modernadvancesinthefieldsofputer,controlsystem,municationshaveacloserelationshipwithelectronics.a.计算机,控制系统与通信领域现代地步与电子学有着密切地关系。Exercises四.TranslatefollowingparagraphintoChinese.b.Thefieldofelectronicsincludestheelectrontube,transistor,integratedcircuitandsoon.Exercises四.Translatefollowingparagr