北京市东城区2023届高三二模英语试题含解析

北京市东城区2022-2023学年度第二学期高三综合练习（二）

英语

本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答

无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）

第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在

答题卡上将该项涂黑。

OneOctobermorning,IplannedtotakeHoney,mydog,outwithme.Weliveina1areaupinthehills.

Ourdrivewayisbarelywideenoughforonecar,witharavine（深沟）ononeside.WhileIwasstartingthecarslowly,

aflashofsunlight2me.Iputmyhanduptoblockthesunlight.Suddenly,thecarslippedinthesoftsoil,and

rolleddowntheravine.Afterseveralrolls,we3upsidedown.Iwasstuckandfeltashaippaininmychest.I

lookedovertofindHoney.Luckily,shewasokay.

Wewereatleast50feetdown.JustasPd4mycellphonecouldn'tgetasignal.

Calmdown!Itoldmyself.AtleastIcouldgetHoneyoutofhere.Painfully,Ireachedoverandpickedherup

and5putherthroughabrokenwindow.€tGohome,baby.^^Shejumpedtothegroundandracedupthesideof

theravine.

Icoulddonothingbutsitthereforhours.Thelastbitoflightfadedaway.

SlamlWasthatacardoor?"Help!”Ishoutedwithallmy6

“Mike!Whereareyou?”ItwasRobin,myclosestneighbor,wholivedtwomilesdownhillfromme.

Halfanhourlater,therescuecrew7andrushedmetothehospital.

ThenextdayRobinbroughtHoneytothehospital.Shegotrightupnexttomeonthebedandsnuggled（依偎）

close.Withherthere,itwaslikemypain8"IgothomefromworkandHoneywaswaitingforme,“Robin

said."Shegot9andranincircles,likeshewastryingtotellmesomething!^^Robinfiguredhe'dbringHoney

backtomy10andthat'swhenheheardmeshout.

Honey,mylife-savinghero!

1.A.crowdedB.newC.popularD.remote

2.A.coveredB.blindedC.burntD.warned

3.A.landedB.circledC.droveD.pulled

4.A.hesitatedB.fearedC.agreedD.doubted

5.A.activelyB.constantlyC.gentlyD.secretly

6.A.courageB.wisdomC.patienceD.strength

7.A.calledB.arrivedC.formedD.searched

8.A.returnedB.spreadC.frozeD.disappeared

9A.confusedB.disappointedC.anxiousD.bored

10.A.houseB.carC.hospitalD.office

【答案】l.D2.B3,A4.B5.C6.D7.B8.D9.C10.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在山区发生车祸，手机也没有信号，于是把自己的狗

Honey先救了出去，结果Honey叫来了邻居，从而让作者得救了。

【1题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们住在山上的一个偏远地区。A.crowded拥挤的；B.new新的；C.popular

流行的；D.remote遥远的。根据后文“areaupinthehills"可知是住在遥远的山区。故选D。

【2题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我慢慢地发动汽车时，一道阳光照得我睁不开眼睛。A.covered覆盖；B.

blinded使失明;C.burnt燃烧;D.warned警告。根据后文“Iputmyhanduptoblockthesunlight.（我举起手

挡住阳光）”可知，阳光刺眼，作者睁不开眼睛，故选B。

【3题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：翻了几圈后，我们倒着着陆了。A.landed着陆；B.circled环绕；C.drove驾

驶；D.pulled拉。根据上文“Afterseveralrolls,we”指作者翻车最后头朝下着陆了。故选A。

【4题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如我所担心的，我的手机收不到信号。A.hesitated犹豫；B.feared恐惧；C.

agreed同意；D.doubted怀疑。根据后文“mycellphonecouldn'tgetasignal.”可知,由于位置偏远,所以

和作者担心的一样担心的，手机收不到信号。故选B。

【5题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意:我痛苦地伸手把她抱起来，轻轻地把她从一扇破窗户里塞了出去•A.actively

活跃地;B.constantly持续地;C.gently温柔地;D.secretly秘密地。根据后文"putherthroughabroken

window"可知，玻璃碎了，所以动作轻。故选C。

【6题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用尽全力叫喊。A.courage勇气；B.wisdom智慧；C.patience耐心；D.

strength力量。根据上文,(l4Help!^^IshoutedwithallmyM指作者用尽全力求救，故选D。

【7题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：半小时后，救援人员赶到，把我紧急送往医院。A.called打电话；B.arrived到

达；C.formed形成；D.searched搜索。根据后文“andrushedmetothehospital”指救援人员赶到，把作者

紧急送往医院。故选B。

【8题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：有了她，我的痛苦就消失了。A.returned返回；B.spread传播；C.froze冻结；

D.disappeared消失。根据上文“Shegotrightupnexttomeonthebedandsnuggledclose.(她在床上紧挨着

我，依偎在我身边)”指有了狗的陪伴，作者的痛苦也消失了。故选D。

【9题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意:她变得焦虑起来，绕着圈子跑，好像她想告诉我什么！A.confused困惑的；

B.disappointed失望的；C.anxious焦虑的；D.bored厌倦的。根据后文"andranincircles,likeshewas

tryingtotellmesomething!”指狗非常焦虑，绕着圈子跑，故选C。

【10题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：Robin想他会把Honey带回我家，就在那时他听到了我的呼喊。A.house房

子；B.car汽车；C.hospital医院；D.office办公室。Honey是作者的狗，所以是带回作者家里。故选A。

第二节语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)

A

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处

用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

TheworldwillobserveInternationalMuseumDayonMay18th.Since1977,thisday_____1]_____(celebrate)

bytheInternationalCouncilofMuseumsannuallytoraiseawarenessoftherolethatmuseumsplayinthe

developmentofsociety.Thedayisanexcellentwayof12(get)moreoftheyoungergenerationsinterested

inthehistoryandcultureavailableinmuseums.Everyyear,theorganization[3(decide)onanewtheme.

Andthethemefor2023isMuseums,SustainabilityandWell-being.

【答案】11.hasbeencelebrated

12.getting

13.decides

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是国际博物馆日。

[11题详解】

考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：自1977年以来，国际博物馆理事会每年都会庆祝这一天，以提高人

们对博物馆在社会发展中所起作用的认识。由Since1977可知，句子时态用现在完成时，由by可知，句

子用被动语态，因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态，即have/hasbeendone,主语thisday是单数，因此

空格处是hasbeencelebrated,故填hasbeencelebrated-

32题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：这一天是让更多的年轻一代对博物馆的历史和文化感兴趣的好方法。f。是介词，

其后跟动名词作宾语，故填getting。

【13题详解】

考查时态和主谓一致。句意：每年，该组织都会决定一个新的主题。由Everyyear可知，句子时态用一般

现在时，主语organization是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填decides。

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处

用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Iama22-year-oldartist.Myjourneythroughartledmetobeinganenvironmentalist.

14weconsiderwastemaybeusefulwhenwethinkaboutitinadifferentlight.Although

largely15(ignore),materialsthrownawayprovideplentyofresourcesforusartiststogivethemasecond

life.Inmyhands,glassbottles,plasticbags,andotherwaste16(item)becomeaformofsustainableart.

Iwanttomotivatethepeoplewhobuythistypeofarttocontributetotheplanet,swelfare.

【答案】14.What

15.ignored

16.items

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的艺术之旅作者我成为了一名环保主义者。

【14题详解】

考查名词性从句。句意：当我们从不同的角度思考时，我们认为浪费的东西可能是有用的。分析句子结构

可知，本句为主语从句。从句缺少宾语补足语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填What。

【15题详解】

考查状语从句的省略。句意：虽然在很大程度上被忽视，但被丢弃的材料为我们艺术家提供了大量的资

源，让它们重获新生。Although引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又跟主句主语相同

时，则从句中主语和be动词常一起省略。从句省略了theywere,所以用动词的过去分词形式。故填

ignoredo

【16题详解】

考查名词复数。句意：在我的手中，玻璃瓶、塑料袋和其他废物变成了一种可持续的艺术形式。other后常

接复数名词。故填items。

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处

用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Readingisauniquehumanexperience.Justbyskimmingoureyesoversomewords,we

canL7(mental)travelacrosstimeandspace.

Butreadingcanalsobehard,especiallywhenwe'refacedwithadifficulttext.18(make)itaneasier,

morerewardingexperience,you'dbetterreadinprintwheneverpossible.Onereasonfordoingsoisthatoureyes

arelesslikelytoskimpastprintedwordsthanthosel9screen.Plus,consumingcontentonaphysical

pagehelpsthebrainmakeamentalmapoftheinformation,20inturnmakesiteasiertorememberdetails

infuture.

【答案】17.mentally

18.Tomake

19.on20.which

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。阅读是一种独特的人类体验。阅读时，我们应该尽可能地阅读纸质书。

【17题详解】

考查副词。句意：只要我们的眼睛掠过一些单词，我们就可以在精神上穿越时空。根据句意和所给形容词

mental分析句子可知，空格处应该填入mental的副词形式mentally作状语，修饰谓语动词。故填

mentallyo

【18题详解】

考查不定式。句意：为了让阅读变得更容易、更有意义，你最好尽可能地阅读纸质书。根据句意和所给动

词make分析句子可知，空格处应该填入不定式tomake作目的状语。故填Tomake。

【19题详解】

考查介词。句意：这样做的一个原因是，与屏幕上的单词相比，我们的眼睛更不太可能跳过印刷的单词。

根据句意和空格后的名词screen可知，空格处应该填入介词on和名词screen搭配，onscreen(在屏幕

上)。故填on。

[20题详解】

考查定语从句。句意：此外，在实体页面上浏览内容有助于大脑对信息进行心理映射，这反过来又使其更

容易在未来记住细节。根据句意分析句子可知，inturnmakesiteasiertorememberdetailsinfuture.

是一个非限制性定语从句，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词，代替前面句子的内

容在从句中作主语，所以，应该用关系代词which。故填which。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）

第一节（共14小题;每小题2分，共28分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该

项涂黑。

A

PacificScienceCenterfieldtripshavegonevirtual!BringthefunandexcitementofaPacScifieldtriptoyour

studentswhileengagingthemwithenrichingcontentdesignedtoenhanceyourcumculum（课程）andarousetheir

curiosity.PacSci'seducatorsjoinyourclassroomlivefromourCuriosityStudio,andleadstudentsthroughlive

sessionsfeaturingsomeofyourfavoriteSTEAMactivities.Eachprogramis40minuteslong.Wemaybeableto

accommodateshorterorlongerprogramstofityourneeds!

AVAILABLEPROGRAMS

APieceofMind

Cost:$300

MaximumNumberofParticipants:40

BestforGrades:6-10

Description:Beinspiredbythepowerofthebrainasstudentslearnhowitcontrolsmemory,movement,and

sight.Discoverhowthebrainfunctionsthroughliveactivitiesandfunpuzzles,andseearealhumanbrainsample!

»SticktheLandina

Cost:$500（includes3sessions）

MaximumNumberofParticipants:30

BestforGrades:9-12

Description:Overthecourseof3sessions,usethestepsoftheengineeringdesignprocesstobuildamodelof

aMarslander.DiveintopastandfuturemissionstoMarsandcarefullyconsiderthecriteriaandrestrictionsforreal

Marsmissions.Learnhowengineersarejustoneofthemanycareersthatcontributetocomplexsolarsystemmissions.

»NightSkyTonicht

CostVariesbyGroupSize

•1-99participants:$250

•100-199participants:$350

•200+participants:$550

MaximumNumberofParticipants:Unlimited

BestforGrades:3-12

Description:Becomeatruebackyardastronomer.Learnhowlivingonagiantspinningballchangeswhatcan

beseeneachnight.Discoverhowtofindstars,andevenhowtheskycanbeusedtofinddirections!

>EcosystemInvestigators

Cost:$200

MaximumNumberofParticipants:50

BestforGrades:3-8

Description:Workasateamtocreateavirtualecosystemmodelrevealinghowlivingandnon-livingparts

connectandinteractinanaquatic（水生的）environment.Usingnewknowledgeaboutecosysteminteractions,

becomeawetlandscientistandexploretherelationshipbetweenorganismsinarealpondsample.Formoredetails,

pleasecheckoutourProgramRequirements.

21.WhatcanwelearnaboutPacificScienceCenterfieldtrips?

A.Eachprogramisforonecertaingrade.

B.Theexpenseforeachprogramvaries.

C.Thelengthforeachprogramisunchangeable.

D.Everyprogramhasamaxnumberofparticipants.

22Cooperationisneededintheprogram.

A.PieceofMindB.SticktheLanding

C.NightSkyTonightD.EcosystemInvestigators

23.Thepassageisintendedfor.

A.tourguidesB.researchscientists

C.schoolteachersD.programdesigners

【答案】21.B22.D23.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是太平洋科学中心的课程的一些程序。

【21题详解】

细节理解题。根据每一个程序中的介绍中的“Cost:$300（费用：300美元）”，“Cost:$500（费用：

$500）”，“CostVariesbyGroupSize-1-99participants:$250-100-199participants:$350-200+participants:

$550（费用因团队规模而异・l-99人:250美元/00-199人:350美元・2因人以上:550美元）”，“Cost:

$200（费用：200美元）”可知，这些程序的费用各不相同，故选B。

【22题详解】

细节理解题。根据EcosystemInvestigators部分的“Workasateamtocreateavirtualecosystemmodel

revealinghowlivingandnon-livingpartsconnectandinteractinanaquatic（水生的）environment.（作为——个团

队，创建一个虚拟的生态系统模型，揭示生物和非生物部分如何在水生环境中连接和相互作用）”可知，需

要合作的程序是EcosystemInvestigators,故选D。

【23题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段的“BringthefunandexcitementofaPacScifieldtriptoyourstudentswhileengaging

themwithenrichingcontentdesignedtoenhanceyourcurriculum（课程）andarousetheircuriosity.（为您的学生带

来PacSci实地考察的乐趣和兴奋，同时为他们提供丰富的课程内容，以增强您的课程并激发他们的好奇

心）”可知，本文是给老师写的，故选c。

B

RunbySocietyforScience,RegeneronScienceTalentSearchisapremierscienceandmathcompetitionfor

high-schoolseniors.Oneofthewinnersofthisyearis17-year-oldEthanWong,whotriestoimproveexisting

technology.Hisfocus:airplanes.

Nearlyallplaneshaveatail.Thetailkeepstheplane'snosefromsuddenlychangingdirectionduringaturn.

Thestructureaddsstabilitybutweighstheplanedown.Tailless-designedairplanewingscouldservethesame

functionasthetail,aswellascuttingtheenvironmentalcostofairtravel.Butthere'sacatch.Thosewingsmust

twist（弯曲）inaveryprecisewaythatmakesthemhardtoproduce.

EthanbecamefascinatedbythiskindofairplanedesignwhenhesawavideoofNASA'sPrandtl-Daircraft

glidinggracefullythroughtheairwithoutatail.justthoughtthatwasreallycool,“saysEthan.Hewonderedifhe

couldfindasimplerwaytoachievethesametaillessflight.

"EssentiallywhatIdidwasjusttrialanderror,Ethansays.Usingacomputermodelofanairplanewing,he

adjustedtheangleoftwistalongthewinguntilitcouldachievetaillessflight.Usually,suchawingrequiresa

continuousdistributionofwingtwist.Buthecouldachieveasimilareffectwithwingsthathadjustafewsectionsof

twist."It'ssupereasytomake,^^Ethansays.

Inhisgarage,Ethanbuiltmodelairplanesusingrubbermaterialsandpackingtapetotesthisdesign.4lSeeingthe

planeintheairwasprettycool,“Ethansays.4UItjustflewreally,reallywell.^^

Lighter,moreefficientplanescouldopenthedoortootherairtravelinnovations.44Ifsbeenalong-termgoalof

minetobuildasolarplanethatcanflythroughthedaypoweredbysolarpanelsonitswings,“Ethansays."Itis

absolutelypossiblefbrareallyefficientplane.^^

Tootherteenswhohavebigengineeringideastoexplore,Ethanalwayssays,"Don'tevergiveup."Evenwhen

somemachineryfeelsimpossibletounderstand,ithelpstorememberthattheworld'sgreatestinventorsareonly

human,too."Also,justmakesureyoulovewhateveryoudo,“Ethanadds."That'llmakepursuingeverythingalot

easier.^^

24.Whatisoneadvantageofthetaillessairplane?

A.Itmakesaircraftdesigneasier.

B.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.

C.Itreducesproductioncosts.

D.Itpromotesflightstability.

25.WhatdrewEthan'sattentiontothetaillessairplanedesign?

A.Thebreakthroughinaircraftmaterials.

B.Theflightofanaircraftinavideo.

C.Theprizefororiginaldesign.

D.Thedesireforinnovation.

26.InEthan'sopinion,whathelpinventorsrealizetheirdreams?

AAmbitionandefficiency.

B.Enthusiasmandresponsibility.

C.Passionanddetermination.

D.Confidenceandindependence.

【答案】24.B25.B26.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了美国再生元科学天才奖的获奖者——EthanWong,他的研究

方向是无尾设计的飞机，介绍了其设计思路等。

【24题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段uTailless-designedairplanewingscouldservethesamefunctionasthetail,aswell

ascuttingtheenvironmentalcostofairtravel.（无尾设计的飞机机翼可以起到与机尾相同的作用，还可以减少

航空旅行的环境成本。）”可知，无尾设计的飞机机翼可以减少航空旅行的环境成本，也就是更为环保。故

选B«

【25题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Ethanbecamefascinatedbythiskindofairplanedesignwhenhesawavideoof

NASA'sPrandtl-Daircraftglidinggracefullythroughtheairwithoutatail."Ijustthoughtthatwasreallycool,^^says

Ethan.Hewonderedifhecouldfindasimplerwaytoachievethesametaillessflight.（当Ethan看到NASA的

PrandU-D飞机没有尾翼优雅地在空中滑翔的视频时，他被这种飞机设计迷住了。“我只是觉得这真的很酷，”

Ethan说。他想知道是否能找到一种更简单的方法来实现同样的无尾飞行。）”可知，Ethan之所以开始研究

无尾飞机是因为他看到了一段视频，视频里的飞机没有尾翼却优雅地在空中滑翔。故选B。

【26题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章最后一段"Tootherteenswhohavebigengineeringideastoexplore,Ethanalwayssays,

“Don'tevergiveup."Evenwhensomemachineryfeelsimpossibletounderstand,ithelpstorememberthatthe

world'sgreatestinventorsareonlyhuman,too.ctAlso,justmakesureyoulovewhateveryoudo,"Ethanadds."That'll

makepursuingeverythingaloteasier.”（对于其他有重大工程想法的青少年，Ethan总是说：“永远不要放弃。”

即使有些机器让人感觉无法理解，它也能帮助我们记住，世界上最伟大的发明家也是人类。Ethan补充道：

“同时，要确保你热爱你所做的一切。这将使追求一切变得容易得多。“）”可知，Ethan认为发明家想要实

现自己的梦想不要放弃，也就是要有毅力；同时要热爱自己所做的一切，也就是要有热情。故选C。

C

Besidesthetheoryofevolution,CharlesDarwinwasalsoresponsibleforthetheoryofemotion,themost

importantprincipleofwhichwasthatthemindconsistsoftwocompetingforces,therational（理性的）andthe

emotional.Hebelievedemotionsplayedapartinthelivesofnon-humananimals,butinhumansemotionswerea

verysmallremainingpartwhoseusefulnesshadbeenlargelyreplacedbytheevolutionofreason.

Thistheorydominatedhisfieldformorethanacentury,butitwasdeadwrong.Wenowknowthat,onthe

contrary,emotionsenhanceourprocessofreasoningandaidourdecision-making.Infact,wecan'tmakedecisions,

oreventhink,withoutbeinginfluencedbyouremotions.

Considerapioneering2020studyinwhichresearchersanalyzedtheworkof118professionaltradersatfour

investmentbanks.Somewerehighlysuccessful,butmanywerenot.Theresearchers9goalwastounderstandwhat

differentiatedthetwogroups.Theirconclusion?Thetradershaddifferentattitudestowardemotions.

Therelativelylesssuccessfultradersforthemostpartdeniedthatemotionshadaneffectontheirdecision­

making.Themostsuccessfultraders,incontrast,hadadifferentattitude.Theyshowedagreatwillingnesstoreflect

ontheiremotion-drivenbehaviour.Theyrecognisedthatemotionandgooddecision-makingwerelinked.Accepting

thatemotionswerenecessaryforhighperformance,theytendedtoreflectcriticallyabouttheroleofemotion.Though

thesuccessfultradersacceptedthepositiveandessentialroleemotionsplayed,theyunderstoodthatwhenemotions

becometoointenseitisusefultoknowhowtotonethemdown.Theissuefbrthemwasnothowtoavoidemotion,

buthowtoharnessit.

Ifemotionsaidrationalreasoning,howdoesthatwork?Perhapsthemostimportantdiscoveryregardingtherole

ofemotionisthatevenwhenyoubelieveyouareexercisingcold,logicalreason,youaren't.Peoplearen'tusually

awareofit,buttheveryframeworkoftheirthoughtprocessishighlyinfluencedbywhatthey'refeelingatthetime.

AstheCaltechneuroscientistRalphAdolphsputsit:"Eachemotionisafunctionalstateofthemindthatputsyour

braininaparticularmodeofoperationthatadjustsyourgoals,directsyourattention,andmodifies（调整）theweights

youassigntovariousfactorsasyoudomentalcalculations.

ThenewviewofemotionmaynotcorrespondtothewayDarwinsawit,butitdoessupportoneofthebasic

conclusionsofhistheoryofevolution:humansarenotasdifferentfromnon-humananimalsaspeoplebelieved.Want

tofarebetter?Valueandregulateyouremotion.

27.Basedonthestudy,successfultraderswould.

A.revealtheirhiddenemotions

Bowetheirsuccesstoemotions

C.reviewdecisionsdependingonemotions

D.examinetheiractionsinfluencedbyemotions

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“harness“inParagraph4mostprobablymean?

A.Controlanduse.B.Analyseandrelease.

C.Faceandadaptto.D.Understandandaccept.

29.AccordingtoParagraph5,whichofthefollowingisthebestexampleofRalphAdolphs'words?

A.Confidencemayexposeonetomorechances.

B.Depressionwillconsumeone'senergy.

C.Angermayleadonetorisk-seeking.

D.Optimismwillaffectone'shealth.

30.Whatismainlydiscussedinthepassage?

A.Thecontributingfactorstoemotions.

B.Theworkablestrategiesofemotions.

C.Theworkingprincipleofemotions.

D.Theconstructiveroleofemotions.

【答案】27.D28.A29.C30.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍情绪对人类有很大的影响，会影响人们的决策，有助于人们的理

性推理。

【27题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第四段"Themostsuccessfultraders,incontrast,hadadifferentaltitude.Theyshoweda

greatwillingnesstoreflectontheiremotion-drivenbehaviour.Theyrecognisedthatemotionandgooddecision­

makingwerelinked.Acceptingthatemotionswerenecessaryforhighperformance,theytendedtorelleclcrilically

abouttheroleofemotion.（相比之下，最成功的交易员则持不同的态度。他们非常愿意反思自己受情绪驱使的

行为。他们认识到情绪和好的决策是有联系的。他们承认情绪对于高绩效是必要的，他们倾向于批判性地反

思情绪的作用。）”可知，成功的交易员愿意审视自己受情绪驱使的行为。故选D。

[28题详解】

词句猜测题。根据上文可知，成功的交易员更愿意审视自己受情绪驱使的行为。再根据划线单词上文

“Thoughthesuccessfultradersacceptedthepositiveandessentialroleemotionsplayed,theyunderstoodthatwhen

emotionsbecometoointenseitisusefultoknowhowtotonethemdown.（虽然成功的交易员接受了情绪所扮演

的积极和重要的角色，但他们明白，当情绪变得过于强烈时，知道如何缓和它们是有用的。）”可知，成功

的交易员接受了情绪的作用，但是他们知道如何缓和情绪。由此判断，问题不在于如何避免情绪，而在于如

何去处理或者驾驭。选项A"Controlanduse（控制和利用）"；选项B"Analyseandrelease（分析和释放）”；

选项C"Faceandadaptto（面对和适应）"；选项D"Understandandaccept（理解和接受）“。故选A。

【29题详解】

推理判断题。根据文章第五段"AstheCaltechneuroscientistRalphAdolphsputsit:"Eachemotionisafunctional

stateofthemindthatputsyourbraininaparticularmodeofoperationthatadjustsyourgoals,directsyourattention,

andmodifies（调整）theweightsyouassigntovariousfactorsasyoudomentalcalculations.”（正如力口州理工学院的

神经学家RalphAdolphs所说：“每种情绪都是一种心理功能状态，它使你的大脑处于一种特定的运作模式，

调整你的目标，引导你的注意力，并在你进行心理计算时修改你分配给各种因素的权重以及引文上

一句**Peoplearen'tusuallyawareofit,buttheveryframeworkoftheirthoughtprocessishighlyinfluencedby

whatthey'refeelingatthetime.（人们通常不会意识到这一点，但他们的思维过程的框架受到他们当时的感受

的高度影响。）”可知，人们的思维过程会受到当时的情绪的影响，因此也会调整目标或行为。与这种说法

相一致的是选项C"C.Angermayleadonetorisk-seeking.（愤怒可能导致一个人冒险。）”指的正是如果当时

愤怒，你就会在愤怒的情绪下调整自己的行为。故选C。

【30题详解】

主旨大意题。根据文章第二段"Wenowknowthat,onthecontrary,emotionsenhanceourprocessofreasoning

andaidourdecision-making.Infact,wecan'tmakedecisions,oreventhink,withoutbeinginfluencedbyour

emotions.（我们现在知道，相反，情绪会增强我们的推理过程，帮助我们做出决策。事实上，如果不受情绪

的影响，我们就无法做出决定，甚至无法思考。）”以及文章最后一段aThenewviewofemotionmaynot

correspondtothewayDarwinsawit,butitdoessupportoneofthebasicconclusionsofhistheoryofevolution:

humansarenotasdifferentfromnon-humananimalsaspeoplebelieved.Wanttofarebetter?Valueandregulateyour

emotion.（这种关于情感的新观点可能与达尔文的观点不一致，但它确实支持了达尔文进化论的一个基本结

论：人类与非人类动物的区别并不像人们所认为的那样大。想过得更好吗？重视和调节你的情绪。）”可知，

文章主要讲述的是情绪对人类所起的建设性作用。故选D。

D

September2022wasapparentlythemonthartificialintelligenceessayanxietyboiledoverinacademia,aftera

userofanAIwritingserviceclaimedtobegettingstraightA'swithessays“written“usingartificialintelligence.Most

professorsexpressedconcern.Onewrote,''GradingsomethinganAIwroteisanincrediblydepressingwasteofmy

life.”

Asallthisonlinedepressionwasplayingout,Iaskedmystudents,whoweremostlymajorsinwriting,tosubmit

a2,000-wordproposalaboutalocalissue.IaskedthemtorelyontheAIasmuchaspossible.Afterreviewingtheir

22AIessays,Icantellyouconfidentlythatthetechnologyjustisn'tthere.Mystudentsusedfreeaccessibletext

generatorsonlineandputinalotofeffort.But,ifIhadbelievedtheseweregenuinestudentessays,theverybest

wouldhaveearnedsomewherearoundaCorC-niinus.ManyoftheessayshadobviousredflagsforAIgeneration:

outdatedfacts,quotesfromprioruniversitypresidentspresentedascuiTentpresidents,fictionalprofessorsandnamed

studentorganizationsthatdon'texist.Atthesametime,thestudentsreportedthatusingAIrequiredfarmoretime

thansimplywritingtheiressaystheold-fashionedwaywouldhave.

TherehasbeenafairamountwrittenaboutthesupposedimpressivenessofAi-generatedtext.Thereareeven

severalhigh-profileAl-writtenarticles,essaysorevenscientificpapersorscreenplaysthatshowcasethis

impressiveness.Inmanyofthesecases,the“authors“haveaccesstohigher-qualitylanguagemodelsthanmost

studentsarecurrentlyabletouse.But,moreimportantly,thepublishedexamplesaregenerallythepolishedformof

professionalwritersandeditors.Incontrast,manyofmystudents'Ai-generatedessaysshowedthecommonproblems

ofstudentwriting——uncertainlyabouttheappropriatewritingstyle,issueswithorganizationandtransitions,and

inconsistentparagraphing.Obviously,producingaqualityessaywithAIrequireshavinghighwritingskilland

revisingskilltoproduceappropriateoutputs.

MyexperimentalsotellsmethatagoodassignmentsheetisthebestdefenseagainstAIessays.Ifyour

assignmentis"DescribethereasonsfbrtheU.S.CivilWar"，youaremorelikelytogetAIordownloadedessay

submissions.Myassignmentwasachallengebecauseitaskedstudentstoaddresslocalissuesofconcern.Thereare

justnotenoughrelevantexamplesinthedatatheAItextgeneratorsaredrawingfrom.

Ithasbeenjustoverfiveyearssincecomput