高二英语教师用书：Unit4SectionⅣUsingLanguage含解析

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精（教师用书独具）WHATCANWEDOABOUTGLOBALWARMING？DearEarthCare，Iamdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming．SometimesIfeelthatindividualscanhavelittleeffecton①suchhugeenvironmentalproblems．However，Istillthinkpeopleshouldadvocateimprovementsinthewayweuseenergytoday．AsI’mnotsurewheretostartwith②myproject,Iwouldappreciateanysuggestionsyoumayhave．Thankyou!OuyangGuang关于全球变暖，我们能做些什么呢?亲爱的“关爱地球”组织:我正代表学校做一项关于全球变暖方面的课题研究。有时候我觉得,像这样一个巨大的环境问题，个人是起不了什么作用的。然而我仍认为人们应该倡导改善日常能源的消耗方式。由于我还不清楚该从哪里着手开始我的研究，我希望能得到你们的建议。谢谢!欧阳光［助读讲解]①haveaneffecton对……有影响.②startwith以……开始。DearOuyangGuang，Therearemanypeoplewhohaveacommitmentlikeyours③，buttheydonotbelievetheyhavethepowertodoanythingtoimproveourenvironment．Thatisnottrue．Together，individualscanmakeadifference④．Wedonothavetoputupwithpollution．Thegrowthofthegreenhousegas，carbondioxideintheairactuallycomesasaresultofmanythingswedoeveryday．Hereareafewsuggestionsonhowtoreduceit．Theyshouldgetyoustartedwithyourproject．亲爱的欧阳光:有许多人承担你这样的义务，而他们不相信自己有能力来影响环境。这种想法是不正确的。众人拾柴火焰高.我们不必去忍受污染.空气中的温室气体，二氧化碳的增长的确是来自我们许多的日常活动。这儿有几条关于减少空气中二氧化碳含量的建议。这些建议应当能够促进你的研究。[助读讲解]③who引导定语从句,修饰people。④makeadifference有影响。1．Weusealotofenergyinourhouses．ItisOKtoleaveanelectricalapplianceon⑤solongasyouareusingit—ifnot，turnitoff⑥！Donotbecasualaboutthis．Soifyouarenotusingthelights，theTV，thecomputer，andsoon，turnthemoff．Ifyouarecold,putonmoreclothesinsteadofturningup⑦theheat．2．Motorvehiclesusealotofenergy-sowalkorrideabikeifyoucan．1．在室内我们会用大量的能源。只要你在使用电器设备,你便可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！不要对此疏忽大意.因此,你如果不用电灯、电视、电脑等时，要把它们关掉。如果你觉得冷了，就多穿点衣服，而不要把暖气开大。2．机动车要用大量的能源。因此，只要有可能，你就步行或骑自行车吧。[助读讲解］⑤leave．．．on让……开着.⑥turnoff关掉。⑦turnup调高,调大，出现，露面。3．Recyclecans，bottles，plasticbagsandnewspapersifcircumstancesallowyouto⑧．Ittakesalotofenergytomakethingsfromnewmaterials,so,ifyoucan，buythingsmadefromrecycledmaterials．4．Getyourparentstobuythingsthatareeconomicalwith⑨energy—thisincludescarsaswellassmallerthingslikefridgesandmicrowaves．3．如果情况允许的话，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。用新材料来做这些东西要消耗大量的能源，因此，只要有可能,就买那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。4．劝你的父母去买那些节约能源的产品，包括汽车和像冰箱、微波炉之类的小件物品。［助读讲解]⑧to后省略了recyclethem。⑨beeconomicalwith对……节约5．Planttreesinyourgardenoryourschoolyard，astheyabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheairandrefreshyourspiritwhenyoulookatthemB10．6．Finallyandmostimportantly，beaneducator．Talkwithyourfamilyandfriendsaboutglobalwarmingandtellthemwhatyouhavelearned．Remember—yourcontributioncounts⑪！EarthCare5．在你的花园或校园里栽种树木，它们能吸收空气中的二氧化碳，还能在你观赏的时候使你感觉清爽。6．最后，也是最重要的是，做一个教育者.同你的家人和朋友谈一谈全球变暖的问题,并把你学到的东西告诉他们。记住，你的贡献是很有价值的。“关爱地球”组织［助读讲解］⑩as引导原因状语从句。⑪countvi．起作用,有价值，有意义。第一步速读-—了解文章主题和段落大意速读P30教材课文，选择最佳答案What’sthemainideaofthetwoletters？A．Someorganizationsshoulddosomethingaboutglobalwarming．B．Suggestionsonwhattodoaboutglobalwarming．C．Individualsneedn'tdoanythingaboutglobalwarming．D．Governmentsshouldtakemeasuresaboutglobalwarming．[答案]B第二步细读——把控文章关键信息细读P30教材课文，选择最佳答案1．WhatcanwedoaboutglobalwarminginourhouseaccordingtoEarthCare？A．Donotuseanyelectricalappliance．B．NeverwatchTV．C．Trytosaveasmuchelectricityaspossible．D．Rideabikeinsteadofusingacar．2．AccordingtoEarthCare,afterdrinkingacola，weshould．A．throwthecanawayB．buyanotheroneC．ignoreitandgoonworkingD．keepthecanforrecycling3．Whichofthefollowingcan’twedotoprotecttheenvironment?A．Persuadeourparentstobuyenergy。savingproducts．B．Informtheknowledgeofglobalwarmingtoothersaroundus．C．Plantasmanytreesaswecanandsaveasmuchwateraspossible．D．Keepthecomputeronallthetimeevenifwedon’tusethem．4．FromthefirstletterwecaninferthatOuyangGuangismostprobablya．A．schoolteacher B．schoolboyC．youngparent D．newspaperboy[答案］1－4CDDB第三步研读-—能力升华接轨高考根据P30教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Iamdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming．SometimesIfeelthat1．individuals（individual)cannothaveanyeffect2．onsuchhugeenvironmentalproblems．Anyway，I'mnotsurewhere3．tostart(start）itwithmyproject．SoIwouldlovetogetany4．suggestions（suggestion)．Itissuggestedthatwetakemanymeasures．Forexample，wecanbuythings5．made(make）fromrecycledmaterials．6．Planting(plant)treesisalsoagoodway．7．Importantly（important）,wecanask8．our(us）familyandfriendstowork9．togetherwithus．Wecangetourparentstobuyproducts10．thataremadetosaveenergy．Remember-ourcontributioncounts．Ⅰ．单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词1．Hewasdismissedlastmonthbecauseofhiscasual（随便的)attitudetowardshisjob．2．Whateverourcircumstances(情况)are，wegenerallystillhavedreams，hopesanddesires．3．Ourgovernmentadvocates(提倡）theuseofenergy.savinglights．4．Theaverageageoftheboysinthisclassisfifteen．5．Couldyoutellmehowandwhentheuniversecameintoexistence?6．Thereisawidespreaddissatisfactionamongthestudentswiththefoodoncampus．Ⅱ．拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词1．contributevt．贡献；投稿；捐献→contributionn．贡献2．commitvt．犯（罪/错）;承诺；保证；交托→commitmentn．承诺;交托;信奉3．presentvt．提出；赠送；呈现n．礼物；现在adj．出席的；现在的；存在的→presentationn．显示;演出Ⅲ．补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1．insteadof 代替2．cutdown 削减；减少3．putupwith 容忍4．andsoon 等等5．onbehalfof 代表6．onthewhole 大体上;基本上7．makeadifference 有影响8．havelittleeffecton 对……没有多大影响Ⅳ．选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1．Thisshopsellsclothes，shoes，hatsandsoon．2．ThenoiseissoloudthatIcan'tputupwithit．3．Onbehalfoftheclass，Iwouldliketothankyouall．4．Onthewholethebossisinfavorofthescheme，buthethinksimprovementsneedtobemadeinmanyaspects．背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实1．AsI'mnotsurewheretostartwithmyproject，Iwouldappreciateanysuggestionsyoumayhave．由于我还不清楚该从哪里着手开始我的研究,我希望能得到你们的建议。疑问词＋不定式Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet．什么时候举行会议还没有决定.2．ItisOKtoleaveanelectricalapplianceonsolongasyouareusingit-ifnot，turnitoff！只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着.如果不用就把它关掉！so/aslongas“只要”，引导条件状语从句Youcangoout，as/solongasyoupromisetobebackbefore11o’clock．你可以出去，只要你答应在11点以前回来。3．Ittakesalotofenergytomakethingsfromnewmaterials,so，ifyoucan，buythingsmadefromrecycledmaterials．用新材料来做这些东西要消耗大量的能源,因此，只要有可能，就买那些用可回收材料制成的物品吧。Ittakessth．todo．．．“做某事需要……"Believeitornot，ittakesgreatcouragetotellthetruth．信不信由你，说实话需要很大的勇气.onthewhole大体上；基本上（教材P28)Onthewholethewarmingoftheearthisaphenomenonthatcausesgreatconcern．总的来说，地球变暖是一种引起广泛关注的现象。(1)asawhole 作为一个整体;总体上(2)ingeneral 大体上；总的来说generallyspeaking 一般来说①Ouropinionsareonthewholethesame．我们的意见基本上是一样的。②Wemustconsiderthesemattersasawhole．我们必须从整体上考虑这些问题。③Ingeneral，ourcarsarereliableandbreakdownsarerare．总的来说，我们的汽车很可靠，发生故障的可能性很小.averageadj．平均的；普遍的；普通的n．平均数(教材P29）Thegreenhouseeffectgivestheearth'ssurfacetheaveragetemperatureof15℃．温室效应使得地球表面的平均温度是15摄氏度。（1)on(the）average 平均来看above（the）average 高于平均水平below（the）average 低于平均水平(2)anaverageof．．． 平均有……（后跟数词)theaverageof．．． ……的平均数①Onaverage，boyslikeplayingfootballbetterthangirls．一般来说，男孩比女孩更喜欢踢足球。②Heisworkinghardandhisgradeisabovetheaverageinhisclass．他学习刻苦，成绩高于班里平均水平。③Theaverageof3，8and10is（be)7．3，8,10的平均数为7。④Anaverageoftenstudentshaven’tpassedtheexamineachclass．每个班平均有10名学生未通过考试。[名师点津]“theaverageof．．．”作主语，谓语动词用单数；而“anaverageof＋复数名词"作主语，谓语动词用复数。onbehalfof代表……一方；作为……的代言人(教材P30）Iamdoingaprojectonbehalfofmyschoolaboutglobalwarming．我正代表学校做一项关于全球变暖方面的课题研究.onbehalfofsb．＝onsb．’sbehalf 代表；象征；表示standfor (字母、数字、符号等）代表；象征representv． 代表；象征；表示①OnceItookpartinanationalhostessspeakingcontestonbehalfofourschoolandwonthefirstplace．＝OnceIrepresentedourschooltotakepartinanationalhostessspeakingcontestandwonthefirstplace．曾经，我代表我们学校参加全国女主持人演讲比赛，并且获得了一等奖。②Myhusbandcouldnotbeheretonight,butIwanttothankyouonbehalfofhim(he）．＝Myhusbandcouldnotbeheretonight，butIwanttothankyouonhis（he）behalf．我丈夫今晚因故不能前来，我谨代表他向你们致谢.③Whatdothelettersontheflagstandfor？这面旗上的字母代表什么?advocatevt．拥护；提倡;主张；主持(教材P30)However，Istillthinkpeopleshouldadvocateimprovementsinthewayweuseenergytoday．然而我仍认为人们应该倡导改善日常能源的消耗方式.(1)advocatedoingsth． 主张/提倡做某事advocate＋宾语从句（从句谓语用should＋动词原形,should可省略）提倡……(2）advocaten． 拥护者；提倡者anadvocatefor/of ……的支持/拥护者①Weadvocategivingupsmokinginordertokeepfit．为了保持健康，我们提倡戒烟。②Peopleadvocatethatsomething(should)bedone（do）toprotecttheenvironment．＝Peopleadvocatedoing(do）somethingtoprotecttheenvironment．人们提倡采取措施以保护环境.putupwith忍受;容忍；忍耐(教材P30)Wedonothavetoputupwithpollution．我们不必去忍受污染。putup 张贴；挂起；留宿putforward 提出建议；把……向前拨putoff 推迟；延期puton 穿上;戴上；演出putout 熄灭;扑灭；生产putaside 存储；把……放到一边putaway 收好;放好；储存①Hehadputupabasketonapoleinthebackyard．他在后院一根柱子上安装了一个球篮。②Neverputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday．今日事,今日毕。③Heputforwardaplanforthecommitteetoconsider．他提出一项计划交由委员会审议。④Icanputupwiththehousebeinguntidy，butIhateitifit’snotclean．我能忍受房子收拾得不整齐，但我不喜欢它不干净。［名师点津]表示“容忍，忍受”的词语还有:stand，tolerate，bear等。circumstancen．环境；情况(通常用复数形式）(教材P30）Recyclecans，bottles,plasticbagsandnewspapersifcircumstancesallowyouto．如果情况允许的话，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来.in/underthecircumstances 在这种情况下in/undernocircumstances 决不;无论如何都不（置于句首时， 句子要用部分倒装）①In/Underthecircumstances，wemustrelyonourselves．在这样的情况下我们必须依赖自己。②Youmustleaveyourpositionunder/innocircumstances．＝Under/Innocircumstancesmustyouleaveyourposition．你绝不能离开你的职位。③Wecan’ttakemeasuresuntilwe’reknownallthecircumstances．直到弄清了所有的情况,我们才能采取措施。［名师点津］“决不"掉以轻心以下短语均意为“决不；无论如何也不”，置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装语序.atnotime，innoway，innosense，onnoaccount，onnocondition（教材P30)AsI’mnotsurewheretostartwithmyproject，Iwouldappreciateanysuggestionsyoumayhave．由于我还不清楚该从哪里着手开始我的研究,我希望能得到你们的建议.【要点提炼】本句为“疑问副词where＋不定式"结构。(1)疑问代词who，what，which等和疑问副词when，where，how等后面跟不定式，构成“疑问词＋不定式”结构，这个结构在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语等。(2）“疑问词＋不定式”结构相当于对应的疑问词引导的名词性从句。①Whenandwheretoholdthemeetinghasn'tbeendecidedsofar．在什么时间什么地点举行会议到现在还没有确定下来。（作主语)②Hestoodstill，notknowingwhattodonext．他静静地站在那儿，不知道下一步做什么。③Shewasstandingthereandwonderedwheretogo．＝Shewasstandingthereandwonderedwhereshewouldgo．她站在那里不知道到哪里去。（教材P30）ItisOKtoleaveanelectricalapplianceonsolongasyouareusingit—ifnot,turnitoff!只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉!（1)【要点提炼】solongas意思是“只要",相当于aslongas,引导条件状语从句.solongas＝aslongas 只要onconditionthat 只要providing/provided(that) 如果；只要supposing/suppose（that) 如果;只要①Youmayborrowmybookso/aslongasyoukeepitclean．只要你保持书面干净,你就可以把我的书借走.②Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthatwereturneditbeforetheweekend．＝Theyagreedtolendusthecaras/solongaswereturneditbeforetheweekend．他们同意借车给我们，条件是周末以前归还。（2)【要点提炼】句中ifnot是ifyouarenotusingit的省略形式,表示否定意义。ifnot 如果不这样的话；不然，表示否定意义ifso 如果这样的话，表示肯定意义ifany 如果有的话ifever 如果有过或发生过的话ifnecessary/possible 如果有必要/可能③Ithinkthere’sabullettrainatmidday．Ifnot，youwillhavetowaittill2o'clockintheafternoon．我想正午会有一辆动车。要是没有的话，你只好等到下午2点了。④Areyouready?Ifso，let'ssetoffatonce．你准备好了吗?如果准备好了，我们立刻出发.⑤Shewantstogowithus,ifpossible．可能的话，她想跟我们一起去。⑥Washitinwater，pickoutthesmallparticles，ifany．用清水冲洗它，如果有的话，把小部件拣出来。Ⅰ．单句语法填空1．Headvocatedbanning（ban)carsinthecitycentreatthemeeting．2．Under/Inthecircumstances(circumstance)hefeltunabletoacceptthejob．3．Ittookmealotoftimetofinish(finish）thework．4．We'vehadafewdisagreements(agree）,butwe'restillgoodfriends．5．Itisn’teasytoput(put)upwithpeoplewhoareimpolite．6．Aslongasthereislife，thereishope．7．Onthewhole，therearetworeasonsformydecision．8．Onbehalfofeveryonehere，Iwishyouapleasantjourneybacktoyourcountry．9．Facedwiththedifficultsituation，heisatalosswhattodo(do)next．10．Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwiththecar．Ifso,we’dbetterhaveitrepaired．Ⅱ．概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Whenastudentcutsclass,failstoprepareforclassordohomework，orisunabletoanswerevensimplequestionsaboutthetopicbeingstudiedinclass，itisclearthatthestudentisnotlearningwell,andteachersmaywonderwhy．Oneofthecausesmightbelanguageanxiety．Languageanxietyisafearoccurringwhenalearnerisexpectedtoperformintheforeignlanguage．Thatis，whenastudentisaskedtoperforminthetargetlanguageinclass，heislikelytobecomenervousandfailtodoit．Thegoodnewsisthatsofarsomeresearchhassuggestedlanguageanxietycanmakestudentsfocused,getgoodgradesandbuilduphighself.confidence．Despite(尽管）thesebenefits,mostresearchhasalsoshownanegative（负面的)relationshipbetweenlanguageanxietyandperformance．Thenegativekindofanxietyharmslearners'performanceinmanyways．Astimegoesby，theywilldoubtthemselves，refusetojoinindiscussionsandtrytoavoidusingthelanguage．Teachersandresearchersmightsometimesbeabletojudg