高中英语被动语态讲解及习题

被动语态被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught

一般过去时：was／were＋taught

一般将来时：will／shall

be＋taught

现在进行时：am／is／are

being＋taught

过去进行时：have／has

been＋taught

现在完成时：have／has

been＋taught

注意：区分被动语态与“be+过去分词”结构

be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构。被动语态,动作的对象是主语；当“be

+过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构，be是连系动词。be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：

1,

如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态。The

glass

is

broken.(系表结构)

The

glass

was

broken

by

the

boy.(被动语态)

2

，如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态The

magazine

is

published

in

Shanghai.。(被动语态)The

door

is

locked.(系表结构)The

door

has

already/just

been

locked.(被动语态)The

shop

is

opened.(系表结构)

The

shop

is

opened

at

8

a.m.

everyday.(被动语态)

3

，被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。

三、被动语态的用法

1

不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

Some

new

computers

were

stolen

last

night.

This

book

was

published

in

1981.

2

强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

This

book

was

written

by

him.

Eight

hours

per

day

for

sleep

must

be

guaranteed.

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

1

把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

2

把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)，根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主

动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。

3

把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。All

the

people

laughed

at

him.=

He

was

laughed

at

by

all

people.

They

make

the

bikes

in

the

factory.=

The

bikes

are

madeby

themin

the

factory.

五、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

We

can

repair

this

watch

in

two

days.

=

This

watch

can

be

repaired

in

two

days.

You

ought

to

take

it

away.

=

It

ought

to

be

taken

away.

They

should

do

it

at

once.

=

It

should

be

done

at

once

一．选择填空1.Insomecountries,tea______withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served2.Greatchanges_____inmyhometownsince1980.A.havebeentakenplaceB.tookplaceC.havetakenplaceD.weretakenplace3.Thenewtypeofcarisgoingto______inthreeyears.A.turnoutB.beturnedoutC.hasturnedoutD.havebeenturnedout4.Thewomanmurderedherfriendand______to______.A.wassentenced,deathB.sentencing,dieC.sentenced,deathD.sentenced,die5.－Doyouliketheskirt?－It_______soft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt6.Areyoustillhere?Youwerehereanhourago.Who________for?A.areyouwaitingB.didyouwaitC.wereyouwaitingD.doyouwait7._____toknowProfessorZhang.A.HesaidB.IsaidC.HeissaidD.Itsays8.－Iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow.－Sorry,______already.A.ittookB.ittakesC.itistakingD.ithasbeentaken9.Theletter_______threedaysagoandit______yesterday.A.hadpost,hadarrivedB.wasposted,arrivedC.posted,arrivedD.hadbeenposted,wasarrived10.Hetoldmethatthefinalexamination_______nextThursday.A.isgivenB.willbegivenC.wouldhavegivenD.wouldbegiven三.Correctthesesentences.(改正下列句子)1.Thishousebuilt100yearsago.2.Footballplaysinmostcountriesoftheworld.___________________3.Whydidthelettersendtothewrongaddress?___________________4.Agarageisaplacewherecarsrepair.____________________5.Whereareyouborn?____________________

4.—Where

is

my

shirt,

mum?

—_________.A.

There

is

it

B.

There

it

is

C.

There

is

D.

Here

is

it

5.

—Where

is

your

father?

—Oh,

________.

A.

here

he

comes

B.

he

here

comes

C.

here

does

he

come

D.

here

comes

he

6.The

door

opened

and

there

________

.

A.

enters

an

old

man

B.

entered

an

old

man

C.

did

an

old

man

enter

D.

an

old

man

entered

7.

Now

______

your

turn

to

recite

the

text.

A.

will

come

B.

comes

C.

has

come

D.

there

is8.Often

_____

them

not

to

smoke

here.

A.

we

advised

B.

advised

me

C.

did

we

advise

D.

had

we

advised

9.________

playing

soldiers.

A.

Inside

the

room

were

two

boys

B.

Inside

the

room

two

boys

C.

Were

two

boys

inside

the

room

D.

Inside

the

room

was

two

boys

10.

On

the

wall

_______

two

large

portraits.

A.

are

hanging

B.

hanged

C.

hang

D.

hangs

11._______

who

was

wounded

in

the

stomach.

A.

Among

them

were

a

soldier

B.

Among

them

was

a

soldier

C.

Among

them

a

soldier

was

D.

Among

they

was

a

soldier

12.

Next

door

to

ours

________

,

who

is

no

less

than

eighty.

A.

that

lives

an

old

man

B.

does

an

old

man

live

C.

lives

an

old

man

D.

where

lives

an

old

man

13.She

plays

the

piano

very

well,

______.

A.

so

every

one

of

us

does

B.

every

one

of

us

does

C.

so

does

every

one

of

us

D.

so

do

every

one

of

us

14.You

say

he

works

hard,

______,

and

_____.

A.

so

he

does;

so

you

do

B.

so

he

does;

so

do

you

C.

so

does

he;

so

do

you

D.

so

does

he;

so

you

do

15.

—I

thought

you

women

were

present

at

the

meeting.

—__________.

A.

So

we

were

B.

So

we

did

C.

So

were

we

D.

So

did

we16.I

don’t

think

Jack

will

come

today,

_____.

A.

nor

will

Mary

B.

and

Mary

doesn’t

C.

Mary

will

either

D.

or

Mary

does17.

She

is

fond

of

cooking,

_____I

.

A.

so

am

B.

nor

am

C.

neither

do

D.

nor

do

18.Marx

was

born

in

Germany

and

German

was

his

native

language

.

A.

So

it

was

with

Engles

B.

So

was

it

with

Engles

C.

So

was

Engles

D.

So

did

Engles

19.A

fish

needs

water

and

without

water

it

will

die._______.

A.

So

does

a

man

B.

So

will

a

man

C.

So

it

is

with

a

man

D.

So

is

it

with

a

man

20.

So

absorbed

___the

work

that

she

often

forgot

to

___

her

meals.

A.

had

she

been

in;

do

B.

she

was

in;

make

C.

was

she

in;

take

D.

she

had

been

in

have

21.So

loudly

______

that

every

one

of

the

class

could

hear

him.

A.

did

he

speak

B.

did

he

spoke

C.

spoke

he

D.

he

spoke

22.

_________

his

appearance

that

no

one

could

recognize

him.

A.

Strange

so

was

B.

So

strange

was

C.

Was

so

strange

D.

So

was

strange

23.Not

once

______

their

plan.

A.

did

they

change

B.

they

changed

C.

changed

they

D.

they

did

change

24.

Never

______

such

a

wonderful

place

as

Hangzhou.

A.

are

seeing

B.

had

I

seen

C.

I

have

seen

D.

have

I

seen

25.Seldom

______

TV

during

the

day.

A.

they

watch

B.

are

they

watching

C.

have

they

watched

D.

do

they