医学英语词根词头

cardiacadj.心脏的cardiomyopathyn.心肌病cardiovascularadj.心血管的cardiologyn.心脏病学myocarditisn.心肌炎electrocardiogramn.心电图人体部位

EnglishLatin

(拉丁语)Greek

（希腊语）静脉vein

veno-

phlebo-

胸chest

pecto-

thoraco-

腹belly

abdomino-

ventro-脊柱

backbonespino-spondylo-脑braincerebro-encephalo-头head

capito-

cephalo-心

heart

cordi-

cardio-

手hand

mano-/manu-cheiro-

血管

vesselvaso-

angio-

1.adren/o:adrenalgland(肾上腺)adrenal-al,pertainingto,肾上腺的adrenaline-lin/line,substance,肾上腺素adrenalitis-itis,inflammation,肾上腺素的2.–ar:pertainingto与……有关的vascularvascul/o,bloodvessel.血管的cellular细胞的Molecular分子的，由分子组成的3.bi/o:life生命，生物Biomedical生物化学的biology-logy,thestudyof,生物，生物学biophysical生物物理学4.chrom/o,chromomat:color颜色chromosomes-somes,bodies,染色体chromatin-in,substance,核染色质5.crin/o:secrete分泌endocrinology内分泌学crinogenicgen/o+ic,pertainingtotheproduction,促分泌的crinology分泌学6.–cyte:cell细胞erythrocyteerythr/o,red,红细胞leukocyteleuk/o,white,白细胞lymphocytelymph/o,lymph(淋巴)淋巴细胞7.cyt/:cell细胞cytology细胞学cytochemistry细胞化学cytobiology细胞生物学8.embry/o:embryo(胚胎)embryology胚胎学embryoma-oma,tumor胚瘤embryopathology胚胎病理学pathology,thestudyofdisease,病理学9.endo-:inner内部的endocrinology内分泌学endocardinal心内膜的endocellular细胞内的10.hist/o:tissue组织histology组织学Histopathology组织病理学histotherapy组织疗法hepat/o,liver肝脏hepatitis,theinflammationofliver肝炎vs.endo/crino/logygastr/o,stomach胃enter/o,intestine肠gastr/o/enter/o/logy肠胃病学（1）…..炎:theinflammationof…//-itishepatitis肝炎;hepat/o:liver肝arteritis动脉炎;arter/o:artery动脉vasculitis血管炎;vascul/o:vas/o:vessel血管nephritis肾炎;nephr/o:kidney肾pancreatitis胰腺炎;pancreat/o:pancreas胰腺ovaritis;oophoritis卵巢炎;pleuritis胸膜炎;pleur/o:pleura胸膜（2）..…术…operationof….缝合术:-orraphyaneurysmorraphy(suture);动脉瘤缝术aneurysm:动脉瘤切除术:ectomy:removalpharyngectomy咽切除appendectomy:阑尾切除术append/o:appendic/o:appendix阑尾固定术:-pexy:fixingrectopexy直肠固定术rect/o:rectum直肌3）方位/时间方面的词缀上：upper//superior;epi-;supra-epithelium上皮组织；下：lower//inferior;infra-;sub-subcutaneous皮下的；cutane/o:skin前：front//anterior//prior//fore-;ante-;pre-;antero-forehead前额；anteroposterior前后的wreakvt.施行（暴力）；发（脾气）；报仇wrinkledadj.有皱纹的前缀 意思 例子定义的例子olig/o few,scanty oligomenorrhea ascantymenstrualflow(men/o)经量异常pan- all panacea remedythatcuresallills;acure-all治百病的药super-* above,excess supernumerary inexcessnumber超过数量equi- equal,same equilateral havingequalsides等边的，等面的hetero- other,different,heterosexual pertainingtotheoppositesex异性恋的；homo-,same,maintainingaconstantbodytemperaturehomeo-unchanging homothermic 保持一个恒定的体温;warmblooded恒温的iso- equal,same isograft graftbetweentwogeneticallyidenticalindividuals同基因移植物macro- large,macrocyteextremelylargeredbloodcell大红细胞abnormallylarge mega-,*large;megalo abnormallylarge megabladder enlargementofthebladder膀胱扩张micro-small microscopic extremelysmall;visibleonlythroughamicroscope显微镜的neo- new neonateanewborninfant新生儿[哺乳物]normo normal normovolemianormalbloodvolume血量正常ortho straight,correct,orthotic Correctingorprevcntingdeformities矫正的upright poikilo- varied（杂色的）;poikiloderma皮肤异色病irregular pseudo- false pseudoplegia falseparalysis(suffix-plegia)假麻痹，假瘫re- again;back regurgitation backwardorreturnflow,asofbloodorstomachcontents回流；反刍dextr/o right dextrocardia locationoftheheart(cardi/o)inth右位心erightsideofthechestsinistr/o left sinistrad towardtheleft向左ecto- out;outside ectodermoutermostlayerofthedevelopingec-,embryo外胚层ex/o awayfrom;outside excise tocutout切除，删去end/o- in;within endoscope deviceforviewingtheinsideofacavityororgan内窥镜mes/o middle mesencephalon midbrain中脑syn-,togethersynapseajunctionbetweentwonervecells(神sym-经元的)突触tel/e-, endtelangion aterminalvessel(rootangi/o)tel/o-终动脉与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀病patho-Pathogen（病原体）/pathology（病理学）/pathogenesis

(发病机理/发病原)

疗法-pathy,-pathicneuropathy神经病变/nephropathy（肾病）/adrenopathy

（肾上腺病）

病态–osis,-oticneurosis(神经症；神经衰弱症)/tuberculosis（肺结核）/schistosomiasis

(血吸虫病)

增多leukocytosis/granulocytosis

(粒细胞增多)

减少–penia,-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia（红细胞减少）/granulocytopenia

（粒细胞减少）小/微-letdroplet（小滴）/platelet（血小板）/leaflet（小叶）

复合/多poly-polyuria（多尿症）/polymer聚合物/polyopia

视物显多症

全/泛pan-pancolectomy全结肠切除术

/panmyelosis全骨髓增生/pandemic全国流行的（疾病）

相反dis-disease（疾病，不健康）/disorder（失调）/disability（不健全，残疾）

困难/障碍dys-dysfunction（功能紊乱）//dyspepsia消化不良；胃弱/dyspnea

（呼吸困难）

不良mal-malfunction（故障，失灵）/malnutrition（营养不良）/malpractice（玩忽职守，不良行为）

炎症-itisappendicitis（阑尾炎）/bronchitis（支气管炎）/arthritis

（关节炎）

瘤/块-omalymphoma（淋巴瘤）/adenoma腺瘤/hematoma

血肿

血症-emialeukemia白血病/septicemia败血病/bacteremia菌血症痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia止痛；无痛法/hypoalgesia痛觉减退/

algometer痛觉测验计

麻痹-plegiahemiplegia（偏瘫）/pamplegia（全瘫）/myoplegia

（肌瘫痪）

流出–rrheaDiarrhea（腹泻）/hypermenorrhea（月经过多）/rhinorrhea

（流鼻涕）

坏死–necrosis，necro-/necr-hepatonecrosis（肝坏死）/myonecrosis（肌坏死）/necrospermia

（死精症）

结石litho-/-lithlithiasis结石病/lithogenesis（结石形成）/cholelithes

胆结石3.与方位有关的前缀上upper/superior:epi-/supra-epidemic（流行病）/epithelium（上皮细胞）/supracostal

(肋上的；肋外的)

下lower/inferior:infra-/sub-infracostal肋骨下的/subclavicular(锁骨下的)/subcutaneous

（皮下的）

前front/anterior/prior:fore-/ante-/pre-Forehead前额/anteroposterior前后的/precirrhosis（前期肝硬变）

后back/posterior:post-/retro-Posthepatic肝后的/postprandial餐后的/retrocardiac

心脏后的

内inner/internal:in-/endo-/ento-Inhalation吸入/endoscopy内窥镜检查/entocranial【解剖学】颅内的外outer/external:ex-/exo-extract取出/excretion（排泄，分泌物）

间between:inter-Intermuscular（肌间的）/intercostal

（肋间部分）

旁/副onthesideof:para-Parathyroid（甲状旁腺的）/paraprotein（病变蛋白，副蛋白）/pararenal

肾旁的

周,围around:peri-Perioperative（围手术期的）/pericarditis心包炎/peritoneum腹膜

中心central:centri-/centra-/centro-centrifugation离心分离/centralize集中地/centronucleus

中心核

反/对opposite:counter-/contra-Counterpart（副本）/countershock对抗休克/contraindication

禁忌症注：invivo/in’vaivou/活体内;invitro/invaitrou/活体外或试管内；insitu/in’saitju:/原位

4.与外科手术有关切除:-ectomyAppendectomy阑尾切除术/gastrectomy胃切除术/splenectomy脾切除术

切开:-tomyTracheotomy气管切开术/hysterotomy子宫切开术/craniotomy

穿颅术；颅骨切开术

切（割）:-tometracheotome气管切开刀/thoracotome

开胸刀

吻合–stomygastroesophagostomy

胃食管吻合术

成形术-plastyTracheoplasty气管成形术/osteoplasty[外科]骨成形术/myoplasty（肌成形术）

造影:-graphyAngiography血管造影/nephrography肾实质造影/phlebography

（静脉造影术）

经…:trans-Transabdominal经腹的/translateral经两侧的/transurethral

（经尿道的）注：

-graphy为方法，如：electrocardigraphy

心电图检查术；graph为仪器，如：electrocardigraph心电图机；gram为图象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心电图记录医学英语中的常用词缀-phasia某种语言的变态speech演讲 heterophasia异语症 uttering故意提供或传递伪造文件罪wordsthataredifferentfromthoseintended异语症，错语症-lalia含糊不清的讲话 speech,babble coprolalia 秽语症compulsiveuseofobscenewords(copromeans“feces”)秽语症-lexia苛性液葡萄干 reading dyslexia读写困难 difficultyinreading读写困难-plegia麻痹，瘫痪 paralysis tetraplegia四肢麻痹，四肢瘫痪 paralysisofallfourlimbs四肢麻痹，四肢瘫痪-paresis轻度瘫痪，麻痹性痴呆 partialparalysis部分麻痹 hemiparesis轻偏瘫，偏身轻瘫 partialparalysisofonesideofthe