2004年职称英语等级考试试题-答案及题解卫生类(C级)试题

PAGEPAGE42004年职称英语等级考试试题、答案及题解卫生类(C级)试题第1部分：．词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。1Wearecertainthathewillgetoverhisillness．Asure BhappyCsurprised Dexcited2AresearchcenterhasbeensetupinthiscountryApraised BestablishedCreformed Dcriticized3Ifheadachesonlyoccuratnight，lackoffreshairisoftenthecauseAdeliverBfallChappenDarrive4Theiceisnotthickenoughtobeartheweightofatank．Asuffer BacceptCreceive Dendure5AsmallnumberoffirmshavestoppedtradingAhotelsBshopsCrestaurantsDcompanies6Inordertosurvivemanneedstoconsumefoodandwater．AworkBplayC1iveDwalk7Theresearchershavejustcompletedastudyofdrivingsituations．AstartedBfinishedCchanged Dmade8Itseemshighlyunlikelythatshewillpasstheexam.Avery BcompletelyCusuallyDmostly9Theirparentsoncelivedunderveryseverecondition。-AsoundBhardCstrictDtight10Michaelisnowmerelyagoodfriend．AlargelyBpossiblyCjustDrarely11Haveyoutalkedtoherlately?AlastlyBfinallyCshortlyDrecently12Whilewedon’tagree，wecontinuetobefriendsAWhoeverBWhereCAlthoughDWhatever13．Enormoussumsofmoneyhavebeenspentonspaceexploration．AMuchCSmallBLargeDFixed14AboutonemillionAmericansarediagnosed，annuallywithskincancerAeveryyearBseverelyCactively Deverymonth15Thepolicemanwrotedownalltheparticularsoftheaccident．AsecretsBdetailsCbenefits Dwords第2部分：阅读判断(第16~-22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。StepBackinTimeDoyouknowthatwelivealotlongernowthanthepeoplewhowerebornbeforeus?Onehundredyearsagotheaveragewoman1ivedtobe45．Butnow，sheCanliveuntilatleast80．Oneofthemainreasonsforpeoplelivinglongeristhatweknowhowtolookafterourselvesbetter．WeknowwhichfoodsaregoodforUSandwhatwehavetoeattomakesureourbodiesgetallthehealthythingstheyneed．Weknowwhywesometimesgetillandwhattodotogetbetteragain．Andweknowhowimportantitistodolotsofexercisetokeepourheartsbeatinghealthily．Butinorderthatwedon’tslipbackintobadhabits，let’shavealookatwhatlifewaslike100yearsago．Familieshadbetween15and20children，athoughmanybabiesdidn’tlivelong．Childrensufferedfromlotsofdiseases，especiallyrickets(佝偻病)andscurvy(坏血病)，whicharebothcausedbybaddiets．Thisisbecausemanyfamilieswereverypoorandnotabletofeedtheirchildrenwell．ReallypoorfamilieswholivedincrowdedcitieslikeLondonandManchesteroftensleptstandingup,bendingoverapieceofstring，becausetherewasnoroomforthemtoliedown．Peopledidn’thavefridgesuntilthe1920s．Theykeptfreshfoodcoldbystoringitonwindowsills(窗台板)，blocksofice，orevenburyingitinthegarden．Somechildrenhadtostartworkattheageofsevenoreightloearnmoneyfortheirparents．Ifyouhadlived100yearsago，youmightwellbesellingmatchsticks(火柴杆)(ajobdonebymanychildren)orworkingwithyourdadbynow．16Onaveragewomenlivedlongerthanmen100yearsago．ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17Peoplenowenjoylongerlivesforunknownreasons．ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18Ahundredyearsagomanykidsdiedatallearlyage．ARightBWrongCNotmentioned19Poordietscanleadtosuchdiseasesasricketsandscurvy．ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20PeopleinthepastpreferredstandinguptolyingdownwhensleepingARightBWrongCNotmentioned21AnEnglishmaninventedthefridgeinthe1920s．ARightBWrongCNotmentioned22Lifewasnoteasyformanychildrenliving100yearsago．ARightBWrongCNotmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题，每题1分，共8分)．阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)第27~-30题要求从所给的6个选项中DeathratesforcancerarefallingforallAmericans，butblackAmericansarestillmorelikelytodieofcancerthanwhites，theAmericanCancerSocietysaidMonday．Inaspecialreportoncancerandblacks．theorganizationsaidblacksareusuallydiagnosedwithcancerlaterthanwhites．andtheyaremorelikelytodieofthedisease．Thiscouldbebecauseofunequal(不平等的)accesstomedicalcare，becauseblacksaremorelikelytohaveotherdiseasesaswell，andperhapsbecauseofdifferencesinthebiology(生物学)ofthecanceritself,thereportadded．“Ingeneral，blackAmericanshavelesshopeofsurvivingfiveyearsafterdiagnosisthanwhitesforallcancersitesandallstagesofdiagnosis,”thereportsaid．“IndescribingcancerstatisticsforblackAmericans，thisreportrecognizesthatmanyofthedifferencesassociatedwithracemaybecausedbyunfairsocialandeconomicdifferencesandunequalaccesstomedicalcare．”Thecancersocietysaidblacksshouldbeencouragedtogetcheck—ups(体格检查)earlier,whencancerismoretreatable，anditsaidmoreresearchisneededtoseeifbiologicaldifferencesplayarole．“Thenewstatisticsemphasizethecontinuingimportanceofwipingouttheseunfairsocialdifferencesthroughpublicpolicyandeducationefforts，”theorganizationsaidinastatement．Butitalsonotedadropincancerdeathrates．“CancerdeathratesinbothsexesforallsitescombinedhavedroppedgreatlyamongblackAmericanssince1992，ashaveincidencerates(发生率)，”saidthereport．31BlackAmericansaremorelikelytodieofcancerthanApeopleinothercountries．BwhiteAmericans．Ca11otherAmericans．Dtheirancestors．32WhichmayNOTbeareasonforhighercancerdeathratesamongUSblacks?AUnequalaccesstomedicalcare．BGreaterprobabilityofhavingotherdiseases．CDifferencesinthebiologyofthecancer.DEarlydiagnosis．33CancerismoretreatableifitisdetectedAinanearlystage．Binalatestage．Callofasudden．Dtogetherwithotherdiseases．34PublicpolicyandeducationeffortsmayhelptodoawaywithAdeathrates．Bvariouscancers．Cunfairsocialdifferences．Dbiologicaldifferences．35Since1992，cancerdeathratesamongblackAmericansAhavebeengoingupanddown．Bhaveremainedstable．Chaveincreased．Dhavefallen.第二篇ADesertBetweenPaulandClaraPaulhadlongpromisedtomarryClara．Butatthirty·theehemetandmarriedAlice．Clarawasdrivenmad．Paulwastakentocourt．ThejudgeorderedhimtopayClara$600becauseofthebrokenpromise．Paulhadtoborrowthemoneyfromamoneylender．Heagreedtopayback$5amonth—fortwentyyears．Hiswagesatthetimewere$16amonth．PaulandAlicewerepoorbutnotunhappy．Theyhadlittleenoughfood，certainly，evenbeforethechildrenbegantoarrive．EachmonthPaulpaid$5tothemoneylender．Heworkedhard,nevertakingaholiday．Intime，thereweresevenmouthstofeed．Illnesswasalwayswiththem．Itgrewseriouswhentheoldestchildwaseight．Theyearsofhungerweakenedthefamily,becauseeachmonthPaulpaid$5．Thedetailsofthesicknesswereugly,buttheresultwasthis：aftertwelveyearsoffamilylife，Paulwasaloneintheworld.Helivedalone．exceptformemories．Workwasnotnowagodforhim：itwasapain-killer．Eachmonthhepaid，andintimethetwentyyearsended．Fromthatmomenthiswageswerehisown．Oneday,Itwasaholidaywenttotheseaside．Hesatdownonaseatbythesea．Amiddle．agedwomancameandsatdownnearhim．Theyrecognizedeachotheratonce.Thewomansaid．“The$600hasbeeninthebanksincethedayitwaspaidtome．Itisnow$6，000，andIhavekeptitforyou．Willyouletmeshareitwithyou?”“No，”saidPaul，gently．“Eachthousandisalostlifeinadesertbetweenus.Itcanneverbringanyhappiness．”36PaulwasorderedtopayClara$600becauseAhehadborrowed$600fromher．Bhehadbrokenhiswordtomarryher．Chehadpromisedtogiveher$600．Dhehadspentalotofhermoney．37HowmanychildrendidPaulandAlicehave?ATwo.BFour.CFive.DEight.38Twelveyearsafterhismarriage，PaulwasApoorbutnotsad．Bverysick．Cfreefromdebt.Dlonelyandunhappy．39Afterhiswifeandchildrendied，PaulturnedtohisworktoAeasehispain．Bforgethisdebt．Cgetpleasure．Dseekfriendship．40WhenPaulmetClaraagain20yearslater,hedecidedAtosharethe$600withher．Bnottomarryher．Ctoaskbackthe$600．Dnottorefuseheroffer第三篇FlorenceNightingaleFlorenceNightingalewasborninFlorence，Italy，whileherwealthyEnglishparentsweretravelinginEurope．Asachild，shetraveledtomanyplaceswithherfamilyandlearnedhowtospeakseverallanguages．WhenNightingalewas17，shetoldherfamilythatshewasgoingtohelpsickpeople．Herparentsdidnotapprove，butNightingalewasdetermined．ShetraveledtohospitalsalloverEurope．Shesawthatdoctorswereworkingtoohard．Shesawthatpatientsdiedbecausetheydidnotgetenoughcare．Nightingalefeltthatwomencouldbedoingmoretohelpdoctorstakecareofsickpeople．Nightingaleknewthatinorderfornursestodomore，theyneededspecialtraininginhowtotakecareofsickpeople．NightingalewenttoahospitalinGermanytostudynursing．ThenshereturnedtoLondonandbecametheheadofagroupofwomencalledGentlewomenDuringIllness．Thesewomencaredforsickpeopleintheirhomes．In1854．EnglandwasfightingawarwithRussia．№reporterswroteabouttheterribleconditionsinthehospitalsthatcaredforthewounded．Peopledemandedthatsomethingbedoneaboutit．AleaderofthegovernmentaskedFlorenceNightingaletotakesomenursesintothewarhospitals．So，inNovember1854，Nightingalefinallygottoworkinahospital．Shetookalong38nurseswhomshehadtrainedherself．Atfirst．thedoctorsonthebattlefieldsdidnotwantNightingaleandhernursesintheirhospitals．Theydidnotbelievethatwomencouldhelp．Butinfact，thenursesdidmakeadifference．Theyworkedaroundtheclock，tendingthesick．Thankstotheirhardwork，manywoundedsoldierssurvived．Afterthewar,Nightingaleandhernursesweretreated1ikeheroes．。Finally，in1860，shestartedtheNightingaleSchoolforNurses．Intime，thankstoFlorenceNightingale，nursingbecameanimportantpartofmedicine．41FlorenceNightingalewasbornintoarichAItalianfamily．BRussianfamily．CEnglishfamily．DGermanfamily．42Nightingale’sparentsdidnotapproveofherdecisionAtoworkasadoctor．Btocareforsickpeople．CtofightinthewarwithRussia．DtotraveltohospitalsalloverEurope．43ItwasnotuntiltheWarwithRussiathatNightingaleAgottoworkinahospital．Bbegantostudynursing．Cstartedtocareforsickpeopleintheirhomes．DbecametheheadofGentlewomenDuringIllness44OnthebattlefieldsNightingaleandhernursesprovedtobeAasbadasthedoctorshadexpected．Bquitegenerous．Clessthanuseful．Dveryhelpful．45NightingaleplayedagreatroleinAthebuildingofwarhospitals．Btheeducationofwomen．Cthedevelopmentofnursing．Dtheimprovementofworkingconditionsforwomen．第5部分：补全短文(第46~-50题，每题2分，共10分)阅读下面的短文，文章中有5．处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。AllofUShavefeltpain．Wehavecutourselves．Wehavebeenburned．Orwehavehadheadaches．Someofussufferpainrarelypainrarely.(46)Paincantakecompletecontrolofourbodyandmind，makingitimpossibletomoveandeventothink．Yetweneedpain．Withoutit，wewouldnotknow．1fwehavehurtourselves．Itisourbody’swarningsystem.(47)PainisthemostcommonreasonwegotoadoctorItisthemostcommonreasonwetakemedicines．Untilrecently，however,mostdoctorsknewofonlyafewdrugsthatstoppedsomepains(48)Butnewknowledgeabouttheprocessofpainishelpingthemtocontrolpainbetter．Scientistshavelearnedthatthesenseofpainismadeupofbothchemicalandelectricalsignals.(49)Scientistsalsohavelearnedthatthenervoussystemsendstwodifferentkindsofpainmessagestothebrain：oneveryfast，theotherslow．Thefirstmessageisthewarningsignal．Itmovesataspeedof30metersasecond．Inlessthanasecond，thebrainunderstandsthatpartofthebodyishurtandhowbadlyitisinjured．(50)Ittellsusnottousetheinjuredpartuntilitheals．AAndothershavepainfulattacksallthetime．BThesesignalstravelfromnervecellsintheinjuredarea，upthespinalcord(脊髓)tothebrain，andbackdownagain．CIttellsusthatWeareinjuredandshoulddosomethingaboutitDTheyknewlittleabouttheprocessofpainitself．ETheothermessagemovesataspeedofonly013~meterasecond．FAndtheysendthesecond，slowermessageofpaintothebrain．第6部分：完形填空(第51~65题，每题1分，共15分)阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。WhatIsCancer?Cancerisactuallyagroupofmanyrelateddiseasesthatallhavetodowithcells．Cellsaretheverysmallunitsthatmakeupall——(51)things，includingthehumanbody．Therearebillionsofcells——(52)eachperson’sbody．Cancerhappenswhencellsthatarenotnormalgrow——(53)spreadveryfast．Normalbodycellsgrowanddivideandknowwhentostopgrowing．Overtime，theyalsodie．——(54)thesenormalcells，cancercellsjustcontinuetogrowanddivideoutofcontrolanddon’tdie．Cancercellsusuallygrouptogethertoformtumors(肿瘤)．Agrowingtumorbecomesalumpofcancercells——(55)candestroythenormalcellsaroundthe——(56)anddamagethebody’shealthytissues．Thiscanmakesomeonevery——(57)．Sometimescancercellsbreakawayfromtheoriginaltumorandtraveltootherareasofthe——(58)，wheretheykeepgrowingandcangoontoformnewtumors．Thisishowcancer——(59)．Thespreadofatumortoanewplaceinthebodyis——(60)metastasis(转移)．Peoplewithcancermayfeelprettysickattimes—butCallusuallystilldolotsofnormalthings．——(61)theyareverysick，kidsandteenagerswithcancermaystillbeabletogotoschool．TheymaybetiredOrbruise(出现青肿)easily，butthey——(62)sometimesgotocamp，movies，andsleepover(在外过夜的)parties．Peoplewithcancerstilllikethesamethingstheydid——(63)theygotsick．Cancerinkidsisrare—buttoday,manykidswhodogetcancergoonlivingnormallives．Thenumberofkidswhobeatcancergoes——(64)everyyearbecauseofnewcancertreatments．Soalotofkidswithcancerwillsomedaydrivecars，gotocollege，havecareers，andevenget——(65)andhavefamiliesoftheirown．51Aliving Bnice Cbig Dwhole52Aby Bin Cwith Dat53Aor Bbut Cand Dthough54AUnlike BLike CAfter DWithout55Awho Bwhat Cwhere 56Ashape Btumor Cthing 57Asick Brich Cmild 58Acountry Bbody CCell D59Aspreads Bturns 60Asaid BsupposedCknown 61AIncase BBecauseCUnless 62Acan Bmust Cshould D63Abefore Bafter Conce 64Adown Bby Cup D65Afired Bmarried Cjoined D2004年职称英语等级考试卫生类(C级)答案满分100分，其中：l一15每题1分；16—30每题1分；3l一45每题3分；46—50每题2分051—65每题1分。1A2B 3C4D 5D6C7B8A9B10C11D12C13B14A15B16C17B18A19A20B21C22A23F24B25E26C27D28E29C30A3lB32D33A34C35D36B37C38D39A40B41C42B43A44D45C46A47C48D49B50E51A52B53C54A55D56B57A58B59A60D61C62A63A64C65B2004年职称英语等级考试题解卫生类(C级)第一部分：阅读判断1．答案为A。“certain”和“sure”都有“肯定”的意思，替换后句法上也是一个合格的句子。2．答案为B。“setup”和“establish”同义，都是“建立”的意思，可互换而不改变句子的意思。3．答案为C。“happen”和“occur”都有“发生”的意思，而且都是不及物动词，因此可替换。4．答案为D。“bear”是“能承受”的意思，与“endure”意思相同。在该句子中，“endure”替换“bear”不改变原来的句子的意思。5．答案为D。“firm”和“company”都有“公司”的意思。此处可用companies替换firms。6．答案为C。“survive”和“live”都表示“活下来，生存”的意思，可以替换，故选C。7．答案为B。“complete”与“finish”都是“完成”的意思，可互换，故选B。8．答案为A。“highly”和“very”都表示“程度非常高”的意思。9．答案为B。“hard”和“severe”都有“艰难”的意思，在这个意义上，“hard”可以替换“severe”而不改变句子的意义。10．答案为C。“merely”是“仅仅”的意思。“just”也有这个意思。11．答案为D。“lately”和“recently”都有“最近”的意思。12．答案为C。“while”在这个句子中引起的是一个让步从句，所起的作用是跟“although”一样的。13．答案为B。“enormous”和“large”都是“巨大的”，在这里两者可以互换。14．答案为A。“annually”就是“everyyear”的意思。15．答案为B。“details”是“细节”的意思。“particulars”也是“细节”的意思。第二部分：阅读判断16C文章第一段虽然提到女性的寿命现在要比一百年前长得多，但并没有提及一百年前女性是否比男性寿命要长一事。17B文章第二段明确介绍了人们现在比过去长寿的原因。18A文章第四段头一句便说一百年前，许多孩子很小便夭折了。19A文章第四段提到，佝偻病与坏血病都是饮食不良引发的。20B文章第五段提到，人们过去之所以站着睡觉是因为房子太小，而非出于喜欢。21C文章第六段只是说，直到20世纪20年代人们才有了冰箱可用，但并没有说明冰箱是谁发明的：22A从文章第四以及最后一段不难看出，一百年前，生活对许多孩子来说都是十分不易的。第三部分：概括大意与完成句子23F文章第一段介绍说世界上除了汉语之外，应用最广的就是英语了。24B文章第二段主要讲的是什么是“aspeechcommunity”，即“aspeechcommunity”的定义。25E文章第三段进而将“theEnglishspeechcommunity”分为两组，即以英语为母语的人为一组和以英语为第二语言的人为一组。26C文章第四段主要讲学习第二语言的益处。27D从文章第一段可以得知，说汉语的人比说任何其他语言的人都要多。28E从文章第二段