《美国大学英语写作》课后习题答案前四章答案

ANSWERKEYFORACTIVITIESANDTESTS

Note:Activitiesforwhichanswerswillvaryareomitted.Alsoomittedare

activitiesfbrwhichanswersaregiveninthetext.

PARTONE:ESSAYWRITING

Chapter1:AnIntroductiontoWriting

Activity1onPointandSupportinaParagraph(page5)

Point:Therearedrawbackstomoviegoing.

Support:1.Inconvenience

b.Longtimetofindparkingspotandlongwalktotheater

d.Stickyfloor

3.Othermoviegoers

a.Runningkids

b.Laughing,shoutingteenagers

Activity2onIntroductoryParagraph(page8)

1.c

2.b

3.a

4.a.Inconvenienceofgoingout

b.Temptationsofthetheater

c.Behaviorofsomepatrons

Activity3onBody:SupportingParagraphs(8-9)

1.Tobeginwith,Ijustdon'tenjoythegeneralhassleoftheevening.

2.b.Parkinglotisalwaysjammed

d.Ticketsmaysellout,andtheateriscrowded

e.Ticketscostupto$11each

3.Second,thetheaterofferstemptingsnacksthatIreallydon'tneed.

4.b.2)chocolatebars

3)MilkDuds

5.Manyoftheotherpatronsareevenmoreofaproblemthantheconcession

stand.

6.a.Littlekidsraceupanddowntheaisles

b.Teenagerstalkbacktothescreen,whistle,makefunnynoises

Activity4onConcludingParagraph(9-10)

1.a

2.c

Chapter2:TheWritingProcess

Activity6onWritingaFirstDraft(29-30)

1.thesis5.specific

2.first(answersmayvary)6.bms

3.equiped7.conclusion

4.secondandthird

Activity7onRevisingwithaSecondDraft(33)

1.Second

2.however

3.unity...MyfriendsareasbadasIam.

4.support...snackslikeceleryandcarrot

sticks...noicecreaminthefreezer...

drippingwithbutter...riskpullingout

myfillingsasIchew

5.watchingwhatIkeepinthehouse

6.comfortableseats

7.As

8.jumpintomyhands

9.disgusted

Activity8onEditing(34)

1.spelling3.capitalletters

2.commas4.thesizeofsmallautomobiles

ReviewActivity10onPrewriting(36-38)

L,Q,SO,C,F

ReviewActivity11onOutlining(39-40)

1.Thesis:Myhighschoolhadthreeproblemareas,

a.Students

(1)Involvedwithdrugs

(2)Formedcliques

b.Teachers

(1)Muchtoostrict

(2)Unwillingtohelpafterclass

c.Buildings

(1)Leakyceilings

(2)Ill-equippedgym

2.Thesis:Workingasadishwasherinarestaurantwasmyworstjob.

a.Workingconditions

(1)Heatinkitchen

(2)Noisyworkarea

b.Hours

(1)Ten-hourshifts

(2)Hourschangedeveryweek

c.Pay

(1)Minimumwage

(2)Nobonusfbrovertime

3.Thesis:Runningisanidealwaytogetneededexercise.

a.Greatwaytokeepfit

(1)Burnscalories/weightloss

(2)Greatforheartandlungs/buildslegmuscles

b.Inexpensive

(1)Nospecialequipmentneeded/nogymfees

(2)Nospecialclothingneeded,exceptsneakers

c.Notboring

(1)Canrunwhilelisteningtomusiconheadphones

(2)Canrunwithfriends

4.Thesis:TheInternetisaninvaluabletoolfbrcollegestudents..

a.Keepupevenifabsent

(1)E-mailinstructor/classmates

(2)Accessonlinelearningcenters/extrahelp

(3)Testpreparation/practiceexercises

b.Research

(1)Findinformationfbrtermpapers

(2)Readmoreaboutimportanttopics

c.Takeonlinecourses

(1)Schedulemoreflexibleifthestudyingisonline

(2)Savemoney/timetravelingtoclass

ReviewActivity12onOutlining(41-43)

Thesis:Moreandmore,theinventionsofmoderntechnology

seemtobecuttingusofffromcontactwithourfellow

humanbeings.

Firsttopicsentence:Theworldofbusinessisoneareainwhichtechnology

isisolatingus.

Support:

2.Workers9salariesareautomaticallycreditedto

theirbank

accounts.

3.Personalbankingisbecomingadetachedprocess,

a.Customersinteractwithmachinesto

makedepositsandwithdrawals.

b.Someloansareacceptedorrejectedby

computers,notloanofficers.

Secondtopicsentence:Anotherareathattechnologyischangingis

entertainment.

Support:1.Musicisasolitaryexperience.

2.Fewerpeoplegoouttoseemovies.

Thirdtopicsentence:Educationisathirdimportantareainwhichtechnology

isseparatingusfromothers.

Support:1.Studentssitaloneinfrontofcomputersatschool.

2.Studentsusesoftwareathomeinsteadof

interactingwithothers.

3.DVDsarereplacingclassinstruction.

ReviewActivity13onRevising(43-45)

Changesindraft2:Removessentencebeginning“Thisisanother...

Changesindraft3:Addstransitionalphraseatbeginning:"Besidesmissing...

Addsothertransitions:"Now,“"Another.”

Addsdetailsabout"pleasures"of"sleepinglate,“MondayNight

Football,TomHanksmovie.

Changesindraft4:Correctserrorsincapitalization,parallelism,spelling,

punctuation,

andtitles.

2,1,4,3

Chapter3:TheFirstandSecondStepsinEssayWriting

Activity1onUnderstandingThesisStatements(47-48)

1.Havingtocarefb】achildreauirashardwork,commitment,and

Datience.

2.Celebritiesareoftenpoorrolemodelsbecauseofthewavtheydress,talk,

and

behave.

3.Myfirstnightasasecurityguardturnedouttobeoneofthemost

firi-hteningexperiencesofmvlifb.

4.SUVsareinferiortocarsbecausetheyarehardertocontrol,more

expensive,anddangeroustotheenvironment.

5.ThetwentiethcenturyDroducedthreeinventionsthatdramaticallv

changedthelivesofallAmericans.

6.Stressinthefast-foodworkplacehasledtoseriousDhvsicaL

Dsvcholozical.andemotionalDroblemsforemDlovees.

7.Advertiserstar-etyoungDeoDleinordertomarketcigarettes,alcohol,

andadultmovies.

8.ChristianBale'svariedfilmrolesdemonstratehisversatilityasanactor.

9.AmericancarmakersneedtoDroducevehiclesthatarefUelefficient.

s哈,andlessexpensive.

10.BeingsuccessfulatanyjobreauiresDunctualitv.deDendabilitv.and

ambition.

Activity2onWritingaGoodThesis(49)

List1List3

3Majorleaguebaseballplayers1Retailcompanies

1Athletes2Supermarkets

5Majorleaguepitchers9salaries4Dealingwithcustomers

toohigh

2Professionalathletes3Workinginasupermarket

4Majorleaguepitchers5Fvelearnedhowtohandle

unpleasantsupermarketcustomers.

List2List4

4JohnPhilipSouza3Camping

3Americancomposers4Firstcampingtrip

5Music101taughtmetoapppreciate

Souza'sbandmusic2Summervacation

1Music5Myfirstcampingtripwasa

2Bandmusicdisastrousexperience.

1Vacations

Activity3onCommonErrorsinWritingaThesis(55-56)

1.TB

2.TN

3.TB

4.TN

Activity4onSupporttheThesiswithSpecificEvidence(56-58)

Note:Answerswillvary;examplesareshown.

1.c.Learningnewrulesandprocedures

2.c.Senseofhumor

3.c.Gotlotsofexercise

4.c.Savemoney

5.c.Longhours

6.c.Worryaboutfinances

7.c.Allowedtimeforalotofstudentquestions

8.c.Comfortablechairsanddesks

9.c.Usedcarsarecheaper/easiertorepair/easiertoinsure.

10.c.Telemarketers/Rebates/Infbmercials

Activity5onTheImportanceofSpecificDetails(60)

S1.[Theparagraphlistsspecificfeaturesthatmakethetreehousea

"masterpiece,99includingthenumberoffloors,therealglasswindows,

andthecedarplankwalls.Specificitemslikethecast-ironstove,anold

rockingchair,andtelescopealsoaddtothedescription.]

X2.[Whatkindofanimalsdidthewritersee?Whatwastheweather

like?

Wasitrainingorcold?Whatprovisionsandequipmentdid

thewriterbringonthecampingtrip?]

S3[Theparagraphlistsspecificexamplesofitemsthatshouldnotbe

improved:cheesecakeandjeans.]

X4.[Whatkindsofproblemsdoesthedoghave?Howdoesthedog

misbehave

whentheownersareaway?Howdidtheownerstrytotrainthe

dog?]

Activity6onTheImportanceofAdequateDetails(61-62)

Thefirstparagraphisadequatelydeveloped.

PracticeActivity8onIdentifyingthePartsofanEssay(63-64)

Group1Group2Group3Group4Group5

STTTTH

TSSTHS

THSSST

STHTHSS

PracticeActivity9onIdentifyingthePartsofanEssay(64-65)

Thesisstatement:4

Topicsentenceoffirstsupportingparagraph:5

Topicsentenceofsecondsupportingparagraph:15

Topicsentenceofthirdsupportingparagraph:22

Firstsentenceoftheconclusion:34

PracticeActivity10onEvaluatingPracticeActivity11onEvaluating

ThesisStatements(66)ThesisStatements(66-67)

1.Aa.1.TNa.

OKb.OKb.

2.OKa.2.TNa.

Ab.OKb.

3.OKa.3.OKa.

Ab.TNb.

4.Aa.4.TNa.

OKb.OKb.

5.Aa.5.OKa.

OKb.TNb.

PracticeActivity12onEvaluatingPracticeActivity13onEvaluating

ThesisStatements(67)ThesisStatements(67-68)

1.TBa.1.OKa.

OKb.2b.

2.TBa.2.2a.

OKb.OKb.

3.OKa.3.OKa.

TBb.2b.

4.TBa.4.2a.

OKb.OKb.

5.TBa.5.2a.

OKb.OKb.

PracticeActivity14onCompletingThesisStatements(68-69)

Note:Answerswillvary;examplesareshown.

1.afirst-aidkit.6.gooddigestion.

2.unfriendly.7.divorce.

3.catchyopeningthemesongs.8.chooseanexerciseactivity.

4.healthydrinkchoices.9.smells

5.intelligent.10.independent.

PracticeActivity15onWritingaThesisStatement(69-70)

Note:Wordingofthesismayvary.

1.Visitingananimalsheltercanoftenresultinapetadoption.

2.Thefilmwasnotworthseeing.

3.Ihavetriedseveralwaystogiveupsnacks.

4.ThomasJeffersoncontributedmuchtothefoundingofournation.

5.Englishisaversatilecollegemajor.

PracticeActivity16onLimitingaTopicandWritingaThesis(70-71)

Note:Answerswillvary;examplesareshown.

1.Sharinganapartmentwitharoommatecallsforgoodwill,asenseof

give-and-take,andplentyofintelligence.

2.Toimproveyourbehaviortowardothers,learntolisten,tosympathize,

andtoshare.

5.Threepotentiallydeadlydrivinghabitsareinattention,a"toughguy”

attitude,

andashorttemper.

6.Regularexerciseisagoodwaytoreducestress,worry,andyourwaistline.

10.Interestingly,sourcesofnoisepollutioncanbeloud,moderate,oreven

veryfaint.

PracticeActivity17LimitingaTopicandWritingaThesis(71-72)

Note:Answerswillvary;examplesareshown.

1.Parenting

Difficultiesofparenting

2.CellPhones

Usingcellphonesintheclassroom

3.Homework

Thebenefitsofhomework

4.Happiness

Howtoachievehappiness

5.Weather

Specificweatherpatterns

6.Career

Acareerofinterest

7.ForeignLanguages

Whyeveryoneshouldlearnaforeignlanguage

8.Leadership

Effectiveleadership

9.Math

Studyingalgebra

10.Change

Positivelychangingtheworld

PracticeActivity18onProvidingSpecificEvidence(72-74)

Note:Answerswillvary;examplesareshown.

1.Climbedoverrough,sometimesdangerousterrain;blackbearandher

cubpassed

withinfiftyyardsofus;viewfromthetopmeasuredaboutthirtymiles

around

2.ArtInstitutecontainswonderfulJapaneseprints;themunicipalpark

offersflower

showsinsummer;greatprofessionalbaseballstadium;artscenterhas

Broadway

playsandfirst-rateconcerts

3.Tootired,toohungry,toodisorganized

4.Howtobecarefulandresponsible;howtorespectpeople'sfeelings/privacy;

how

tocommunicatewithpeoplewhospeaklittleEnglish

5.Babysitting,gardening,bakingcookies

6.Newignition,newbrakes,newheater

7.Catgotsick;kidsgotsick;roofstartedtoleak

8.Luisisalwaysupbeat-hiscourageiscontagious;Andrealoves

people-completelyunselfish;Jackieistheartistinthegroup-herpoetryshows

howdeep/sensitivesheis

PracticeActivity19onIdentifyingAdequateSupportingEvidence(74-75)

AD1.

U2.[Whatarespecificexamplesofhowpeoplearethoughtlesstopets?

What

aretheparticularneedsofpetsthatmaybeignored?Examples

mightincludebathinganimalsregularly,treatingthemfbrfleas,

helpingthemstaycoolinsummer,exercisingthem,and

providinganutritiousdiet.]

U3.[Whatarespecificexamplesofshowsthatareoflittleinterestto

people?

Exactlyhowwouldcommercialsbechanged?Howwould

networknewsbemademoreinteresting?Examplesmight

includethenamesofshows(situationcomedies,gameshows,

andsoon)thataren'tpopular.Commercialsmightbechanged

byeliminatingrepetitiousjinglesorcelebrityendorsements

(usingexamplesofcurrentcommercials).]

AD4.

U5.[Whatareexamplesofhowthewomanwassetinherways?What

didshe

sayaboutthekindofhairdoshewanted?Forexample,the

womanmighthaverejectedanysuggestionsotherthanthestyle

shewasusedto.Whatdidthewriterdothatwasunsuccessful?

Andhowdidthewomanseemtoindicatethatthewriterwas

notdoingwhatshewanted?Forinstance,shemighthave

shakenherheadorsighedeverytimethewriterattemptedto

pleaseher.]

PracticeActivity20onAddingDetailstoCompleteanEssay(75-77)

Note:Answerswillvary.

Firstofall,nowthatweweredisconnected,wefoundplentyofhoursfbr

personalinterests.Weallreadmorethatweekthanwehadreadduringthesix

monthsbefore.DadintroducedMomtohisfavoritemysterywriter-Dorothy

Sayers一anditwaspleasanttoseethemsittingonthesofatogether,eachone

absorbedinabook.Luella,seriousasalways,readnovelsbyCharlesDickens,

whileIsettledmodestlyforthedailynewspapers.Weeachalsoenjoyedsome

hobbieswehadignoredforages.MomandDaddidcrosswordpuzzles

together,Ludustedoffherstampcollection,andIfinishedknittingthe

sweaterIhadstartedlastSeptember.Inaddition,mysisterandIbothstopped

procrastinatingwithourhomework.InsteadofputtingoffourEnglishand

mathassignments,wetackledthemrightaftersupperandfoundthat,without

thetemptationofgoingonlineeveryfewminutes,wecoulddothemina

coupleofhours一farmorequicklythanweexpected.

Second,wedidchoresthathadbeenhangingoverourheadsfortoolong.

Thereweremanyjobsaroundthehousethathadneededattentionforsome

time.MomfixedafaucetthathadbeendrippingforweekswhileDadpatched

thecrackedplasterinthediningroom.LuandIcleanedourclosets,finding

DVDs,CDs,andmagazinesthathadbeenmissingformonths.Bytheendof

theweek,thehousewasintidiershapethanithadbeensincewemovedin.

Wealsohadachancetodosomelong-postponedshopping.MomandDad

pickedoutanewsofafortheden;Luboughtsomenewbooks,andIwent

throughawholestackofcatalogsandfinishedallmyChristmasshoppingby

phone.Andeachofusdidsomepaperworkthatwaslongoverdue.Momand

Dadstruggledwiththisyear'sincometaxforms,LuwrotetoJohnny,afriend

shemetatSpiritLakelastsummer,andIwroteathank-younotetoAuntElsie

forlettingmestaywithherduringmyweekendinNewYorkCitylastmonth.

Finally,andprobablymostimportant,wespenttimewitheachother.Instead

ofjustbeinginthesameroomtogetherwhilewestaredatdifferentscreens,

weactuallytalkedformanypleasanthours.Momtoldusaboutthe

programmingprojectshehasbeendoingatwork,andwehadfunplanningthe

triptoBostonwearegoingtotakethissummer.Moreover,forthefirsttimein

yearsmyfamilyplayedsomecardgamesandboardgamestogether.We

playedseveralgamesofScrabble,andweevengotouttheMonopolysetand

playedagamefollowingtherulesourfamilyhasmadeupovertheyears.

Becausewecouldn'tkeepupwitheveryoneelectronically,wehadsome

familyfriendsoveroneeveningandspentanenjoyabletimewiththem.We

weregladtoseehowmuchtheOverholtchildrenhadgrown,andJoeand

SandyCipriannikeptuslaughingalleveningwiththeirstoriesaboutfixingup

theoldhousetheybought.

Chapter4:TheThirdStepinEssayWriting

Fill-insonCommonMethodsofOrganization(80-82)

ThetopicsentencesintheessayusethewordsThefirst,second,andfinalto

helpshowtimeorder.

Theparagraphusesthefollowingwordstohelpshowtimeorder:second,

followed,andFinally.

ThetopicsentencesintheessayusethewordsForonething(ormore),less,

andmostimportanttohelpshowemphaticorder.

ThewordsThemostimportantareusedtomarkthemostemphaticdetailin

theparagraph.

Activity1onCommonMethodsofOrganization(82-83)

A.1.timeorderB.time;emphatic;time;emphatic

2.emphaticorder

3.combinationoftimeandemphaticorder

Activity2onTransitions(84-86)

1.Additionsignals:First,Second,Next,Finally

2.Timesignals:first,next,Finally

3.Spacesignals:Next[to],Totheright,Near

4.Change-of^directionsignals:But,however

5.Illustrationsignals:Forexample,suchas

6.Conclusionsignals:Finally,therefore

Activity3onTransitionalSentences(87)

Note:Answerswillvary.

AfterleavingtheCapitol,wewalkedalongtheMalltotheLincolnMemorial.

AshortdistancetotherightoftheLincolnMemorialistheVietnam

Memorial.

Activity4onOtherConnectingWords(89)

1.fourtimes

2.he

3.ironrange;throbbingswellings;frigid

Activity5onIntroductoryParagraphActivity6onConcluding

Paragraph

(92-93)(95)

1.BStartingwithanopposite1.P/R

2.EQuotation2.Q

3.AGeneraltonarrow3.