期末专题学习：不定代词 人教版八年级英语上册

第第页课题专题学习：不定代词教学目标1.了解不定代词在句中所作成分2.掌握不定代词的用法重、难点1.区分不定代词both,all,either,any,nither,none,(a)little,(a)few以及other相关系列词的考法2.复合不定代词多用法考点教学内容一、知识点解析（一）不定代词概述不定代词定义不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词常见不定代词“一些”some,any“多多少少”many,much,(a)few,(a)little两者和多者both,all,either,any,neither,none,each,everyother系列other,others,theother,theothers,another复合不定代词Some-类Any-类No-类Every-类其他one语法功能作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等◆作主语Bothofthemareteachers．他们两人都是教师。◆作宾语Iknownothingaboutthisperson．我对这个人一无所知。◆作表语Thisbookistoomuchdifficultforachild．这本书对一个小孩来说太难了。◆作定语Thereisalittlewaterintheglass．玻璃杯里有一些水。◆作状语Ican'tfindmybookanywhere.我在任何地方都不能找到我的书。（二）不定代词用法辨析some和any:都是“一些”的意思，都可与可数名词复数或不可数名词连用。(1)some一些，某些，某个不定代词some可以代替名词和形容词，常用在肯定句中作主语(也可以在以would,may,can,could疑问词开头的句子做主语)、宾语、定语等。作定语时，它可以修饰可数名词(单、复数皆可)和不可数名词。例如:somearedoctors，somearenurses.有些人是医生，有些人是护士。(作主语)(2)any一些，任何不定代词any可以代替名词和形容词，常用在否定句或疑问句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作定语时，它可以修饰可数名词(多为复数)和不可数名词。例如:thereisn'tanyinkinmypen.我的钢笔没有墨水。(作定语)不定代词any有时也可以用在肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如:youmaycomeatanytime;i'llbehomethewholeday.你任何时候来都行，我整天都将呆在家里。不定代词any也可以用作副词，做状语，表示程度。例如:isheanybettertoday?他今天好一点了吗?【即学即练】Ibought________cheesebutIdidn’tbuy_________bread.I’mgoingtothepostoffice.Ineed_________stamps.Therearen’t_________shopsinthispartoftown.Icanspeak________English,butIcanhardlyspeak__________Russian.Wouldyoulike_________tea?Doeshehave________brothersorsisters?CanIask__________questions?表示数量的不定代词“多多少少”(1)many______,few_______,afew_______,用以代替或修饰可数名词。(2)much______,little_______,alittle________,用以代替或修饰不可数名词。(3)_______和_______表示肯定意义，_______和_______表示否定意义。【即学即练】A组用much或者many填空Didyoubuy________food?Therearen’t_________hotelsinthistown.Werethere__________peopleonthetrain?Paulhasn’tgot___________money.Iwasn’tveryhungry.Ididn’teat__________.6.Heeats________food,soheis__________fat.A.toomany;toomuchB.toomany;muchtooC.toomuch;muchtooD.toomuch;toomuchB组用little/alittle/few/afew填空Theyhave__________money,sothey’renotpoor.Theyhave__________money,sothey’reverypoor.Ihave_________friends,soI’mnotlonely.I’msadandI’mlonely.Ihave_________friends.Ican’tdecidenow.Ineed____________timetothinkaboutit.Thebusserviceisn’tverygoodatnightthereare____________busesafter9o’clock.3、表示两者和多者的不定代词数量关系含义“都”“任一”“都不”“每一”两者botheitherneithereach多者allanynone*every(1)表示两者:both,either,neither(2)表示三者:all,any,none,every(3)表示肯定：both,all(4)表示否定：none,neither练一练：用以上不定代词填空。我的父母都是医生。__________________________________街道的两边都种了树。Therearetreeson______sidesofthestreet.=Therearetreeson______sideofthestreet.他有两个儿子，都不富有。Hehastwosons.______ofthemisrich.他有三个儿子，都不富有。Hehasthreesons.______ofthemisrich.注意both...and表示“……和……两个都”either...or“不是……就是”；“或……或”，neither...nor“既不……也不”；“……都不”BothZhangandWangaregoodstudents.

张、王都是好学生。Eitheryouorheisright.

不是你就是他对的。3)NeitherhenorIamascientist.

他和我都不是科学家。【即学即练】We_____________arehappy.--Therearetworoadsinfrontofme.WhichareshouldItake?--_______________areOK./____________isOK.Sheboughttwokites.But______________ofthemcanfly.--Didyourparentsgotothecinema?--No,we____________stayedathome.--Whichonedoyouprefer?--Ithink____________ofthemaregood./Ithink________________ofthemisgood.SoIwon’ttakethem.Therearemanytreeson_____________sidesofthestreet.=Therearemanytreeson_______________sideofthestreet.__________ofthetwinshaveabike.=____________ofthetwinshasabike.Shecaneatmanycakes.___________ofthecakesareyummy.=Shecaneatmanycakes.______________ofthecakesisyummy.--Whichonedoyoulikebetweenthem?--Theyaregood._____________ofthemaremytype./___________ofthemismytype.--Whichonedoyoulikeamonythem?--Theyaregood._____________ofthemaremytype./___________ofthemismytype.4、other系列other意为：“其他的”；后要接名词复数形式；anyother+可数名词单数：其他的任何一个……他比我们班上任何一名学生都要高。Heistallerthan______________studentsinourclass.Heistallerthan______________otherstudentinourclass.other+复数名词=others，泛指其他人或物，others后不接名词；

some...others...一些…另一些…我班上一些学生喜欢下棋，一些喜欢画画，还有一些喜欢阅读。Somestudentslikeschess,somelikepainting,while________likereading.theother表“两者中的另一个”，一般不接名词，省略。one...theother...一个……另一个……我有两个哥哥。一个是医生，另一个是工程师。Ihavetwobrothers.________isadoctor,_______________isanengineer.theothers指：“其余的（几个，一些）”，后不接名词。我们班上除了两个学生考试没通过外，其他的都通过了。Onlytwostudentsfailedintheexamination,_______________allpassed(通过)it.another指三个或三个以上的“另一、再一”;一般后接名词“another+基数词＋名词”==“基数词＋more+名词”(基数词：one,two,three,four)我不喜欢这件衬衫，请给我拿另外一件。Idon’tlikethisblouse,pleasegiveme______________one.他恢复得很好，并且多活了16年。Hehasgoodrecoveryandlives___________16years.Hehasgoodrecoveryandlives16_________years.【即学即练】Pleasegiveme__________chance.2.Ihave100books,30ofthemarenovels,20ofthemareabouthistory.____________areaboutscience.3.Inourclassroom,somestudentsarewriting,________arereading.4.Hehastwodaughters.Oneisanurse,__________isasinger.5.Asksome_________people.复合不定代词的用法someAnynoeveryonesomeoneangoneNooneeveryoneBodysomebodyanybodynobodyeverybodythingsomethinganythingnothingeverythingwheresomewhereanywherenowhereeverywhere（1）复合不定代词在剧中可作主语、宾语和表语等，要注意修饰成分后置。不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式ThereisnothingelseinthebagSomethingiswrongwithmywatch（2）some和any修饰可数名词和不可数名词，表示“一些”，即表示不确定的或未知的数量、数目。Some通常用于肯定句，any通常用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中Therearesomekeysinthedrawer.Hedrinkssomewaterafterhegetsouteveryday.Idon’thaveanymoney.Doyouhaveany?YoucanaskMissWhiteifyouhaveanyquestions.Some可用于表示邀请或请求的句子中，表示希望给予肯定回答Wouldyoulikesomemilk?MayIaskyousomequestions?Any用于肯定句中，表示“任何（一个）的”（3）Everyone与everyone的区别：everyone意为“每人”，“人人”，只指人，不指物，后面不能跟of短语；everyone意为“每个”，通常用来指物，也可指人，后面能跟of短语Iseveryonehere?Thebookstherearewonderful.Ihavereadeveryoneofthem（4）no和none表示“无，没有”。No=not...a/an/any,作宾语，后跟可数名词或不可数名词；none后跟of短语在句中作主语或宾语，表示“没有任何东西或人”Ihavenofriendshere=Idon’thaveanyfriendshereThereisnobookonthedesk=ThereisnotabookonthedeskNoneoftheshirtsiscleanNobody,noone,nothing只能单独使用，后面不跟of短语NobodycanspeakFrench=NoneofthemcanspeakFrench（5）nothing回答what问句；nobody和noone回答who问句；none回答howmany或howmuch问句What’sintheroom?NothingWhoisintheroom?Nobody/NooneHowmanypeoplearethereintheroom?None【即学即练】Shesaid___________tomebutIdidn’tunderstandit.‘What’swrong?’‘There’s____________inmyeye.’Doyouknow____________aboutmusic?IwenttotheshopbutIdidn’tbuy___________.I’mafraidIcan’thelpyou.There’s_________Icando.Wouldyoulike______________todrink?Thisisasecret.Pleasedon’ttell______________.Thathouseisempty._________liveshere.Jackhasabadmemory.Hecan’tremember___________.（三）重点突破1、few/afew/little/alittle(1)后接名词的不同。_______和_______后接可数名词复数，_______和_______后接不可数名词。Eg.Thereare_______newwordsinthetext.课文中有一些新单词。Canyouspeak_______English?你能说一点英语吗？(2)表示肯定意义和否定意义的区别。_______和________表示肯定，______和_______表示否定。Eg.Ihave________friendsthere.Ioftenplaywiththem.Thereis_______meatathome.Let’sbuysome.2、部分否定及完全否定Not与不定代词all,both,every等表示全部意义的词连用时构成部分否定；若要表示完全否定，则需要换用none,neither,no等。any以及any构成的词在否定句中为完全否定not…any=nonot…anyone/anybody=none/nobodynot…anything=nothingnot…anywhere=nowhere,Ican’tseeanythingintheroom=Icanseenothingintheroom练一练：翻译下列句子。Allofthestudentslikethenovel.___________________________________Notallofthestudentslikethenovel.___________________________________Allofthestudentsdon’tlikethenovel.__________________________________Noneofthestudentslikethenovel.___________________________________3、all,both,each等用作同位语若用作主语同位语，主语可以是名词或代词；若用作宾语等其他成分的同位语，则宾语等成分必须是人称代词，而不能是名词。Eg.Weallhavereadit.(all修饰的主语是代词)Thevillageallhavebeendestroyed.(all修饰的主语是名词)Theytoldusalltowaithere.(all修饰的宾语是代词)4、one和it的区别使用(1)it指代前面的某物。Eg.Whereismypen?Ican’tfindit.(it指代前面提到的那支笔)(2)one可以指人，也可以指物。用来代替上文中提到的单数可数名词以及避免重复，其复数形式为ones。Eg.Yourpenissonice.Iwanttobuyonelikethis.5、复合不定代词的否定。1、"notevery-"表示的是部分否定，意为"并非都，不都"。例如:Noteverythingwillgowell.并非一切都会那么顺利。Theteacherdidn'tcalleveryone'sname.老师并没有点所有人的名。2、"notany-"和no-均表示全否定。例如:Helistened,butheardnothing.他听了听，但什么也没听到。=Helistened,butdidn'thearanything.Youhaven'tcalledanyone/anybodyup,haveyou?你没给谁打过电话，是吗?=Youhavecallednoone/nobodyup,haveyou?6、noone与none_________oftheanswerswasright._________cananswermyquestion.Whoisintheclassroom?_________.HowmanyhoursdoesJimplaysoccer?_________.7、neither/either/none填空。Wetriedalotofhotelsbut_________ofthemhadanyrooms.Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?__________.Idon’tmind.Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?__________.I’dlikesomejuice,please.FirstIworkedinanoffice,andlaterinashop._________jobwasveryinteresting.Therearetwowaysfromheretothestation.Youcango__________way.JohnandIcouldn’tgetintothehousebecause__________ofushadakey.二、经典例题单项选择Ihavetwopens.Oneisred,___isblue.A.theotherB.othersC.otherD.another2.Hisparentsare___doctors.A.eachB.allC.bothD.noone3.Ofthethreeforeignfriends,oneisfromLondon,___twoarefromNewYork.A.otherB.theotherC.othersD.theothers4.MyparentsandIare___interestedinmusic.A.BothB.allC.neitherD.no5.Lookatthosestudents.Somearecleaningthewindow,___aresweepingthefloor.A.theotherB.otherC.othersD.theothers6.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks,butyoumustn'tlenditto___.A.otherB.othersC.theothersD.theothers7.IstudyChinese,Englishandsome___subjects.A.otherB.theotherC.othersD.theothers8.Dotheyoftentalktoeach___inEnglish?A.othersB.theotherC.otherD.theothers9.Wouldyoulike___milk?A.someB.anyC.littleD.afew10.Marysingsbetterthan___ofhegirlsinherclassroom.Shesingsbest.A.someB.anyC.mostD.one11.Shemade___mistakesinherexercises.A.anyB.anotherC.noD.one12.Therearefiftypupilsintheirclass.___ofthemareLeaguemembers.A.BothB.EitherC.AllD.Noone13.Thestudentshave___onSunday.A.noanyclassB.notclassC.noclassesD.noanyclass14.Thereisn't___onplayground.A.anyoneB.everyoneC.nobodyD.anypeople15.Ifyouneedarubber,I'lllend___you.A.someB.oneC.anotherD.theone16.Wehave___bookstoread.A.manyB.muchC.alotD.any17.WestudyChinese,Englishandsome___subjects.A.otherB.others