ATCA机箱设计中英文对照外文翻译文献

ATCA机箱设计中英文对照外文翻译文献ATCA机箱设计中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)机械产品自顶向下设计的多层次装配模型摘要为了使下一代计算机辅助设计工具能够有效地支持自顶向下的产品设计过程，从传统的产品设计过程中提炼出产品设计的递归执行和结构演变特征，在此基础上，提出了一种基于自顶向下的装配模型，实现了对抽象信息、骨架信息和详细信息的捕捉。此外，继承机制以确保在自顶向下的装配设计过程中的信息传递和转换之间的不同的设计阶段的可行性。对一个自顶向下的装配设计样本进行分析，以显示其应用效果的多层次的装配模型和相关的继承机制。另外，还对现有的计算机辅助设计系统模型的适用性和自顶向下的装配设计的更为广泛的应用进行了讨论，最后给出了工作的结论和未来的发展方向。【关键词】自顶向下；装配设计；组件设计；多层次装配模型；骨架模型；继承机制1引言由于全球经济环境的快速发展，许多新产品具有巨大的复杂性和规模，需要多学科的知识。因此，如何有效地设计这些产品，具有重要的意义。产品设计的各种策略中，自上而下的方法是比较突出的和自然的方式。在自上而下的产品设计中，是先制定每个组件（可能是一个零件或子装配），然后更深入细化，有时也会有若干的子级，直到基础组件定义。这样将产品的复杂设计工作细分为几个简单的子模块的设计工作，从而降低了设计难度和复杂度。同时，这些细分的工作可以并行执行，这种并行性使得不同群体之间可能的协同设计。考虑到产品设计中自顶向下的方法的重要性，应提供以计算机为基础的工具和软件包以帮助设计人员更容易、更方便地进行自顶向下的产品设计，不幸的是，大多数商业计算机辅助设计软件对自顶向下的产品的支持是有限的。即便是在今天，仍然有许多设计作品不能充分使用计算机提供动力。这将浪费太多的时间，并最终推迟了新产品进入市场的时间，这显然是一个对企业和消费者双方的重大损失。要使下一代计算机辅助设计工具更好地支持自顶向下的产品设计，应考虑以下几个基本问题：1、一个合理的自顶向下的装配设计过程可以由计算机完成；2、一种集成的多层次捕捉信息的抽象层次的装配模型；3、各种灵活的机制，确保不同的设计阶段之间的设计信息的过渡和关联。这里的工作是为了探索新的装配设计过程、装配模型和继承机制，需要下一代计算机辅助设计工具，以支持自顶向下的产品设计有效。具体而言，本文更准确而简洁地描述自顶向下的装配设计过程与传统的产品设计过程比较。基于自顶向下的装配设计过程，我们提出了一个多层次的装配模型，可以捕捉到重要数据信息，从而可以支持不同阶段的自顶向下的装配设计。该模型可以支持主流的三维系统，通过适应和扩展。同时，为了保证设计信息的有效传输和演化，在整个产品设计过程中的不同阶段探索了相关的继承机制。论文的其余部分组织如下：第2节回顾了一些以前的研究相关工作；第3节介绍了自顶向下的装配设计过程，并分析了相应的计算机辅助工具的要求；在4节给出了一个多层次的自顶向下的装配模型；第5节介绍了各种继承机制下的自顶向下的装配设计；第6节展示了自顶向下的装配设计实例和一些相关应用的多级装配模型，然后在第7节中讨论了现有的计算机辅助设计系统的适应和扩展，并为实际的自顶向下的装配设计打下基础；论文最后是结论和对未来的憧憬。2相关关系传统的自上而下的过程，它从总体的草图和粗糙的要求开始，逐步细化构件。在长期的历史演变下，自上而下的产品设计慢慢成为设计者的首选。一些文献分析了传统的自上而下的产品设计的特点，并发现有趣的问题。1988年，Libardi等人关于计算机环境的发展，机械装配设计进行的概述中，支持自顶向下的设计和多视点是其中的一个关键点。这些综述了自顶向下的产品设计研究的最先进的研究状况，指出了自顶向下的设计系统需要克服的一些问题，如自顶向下的产品设计的装配模型表示和从概念模型到参数化模型的推理方法。该研究由Mantyla指导，解决了自顶向下的产品设计系统不足的问题。在这项工作中，设计者指出，设计过程可以分解为功能性设计，概念设计和详细设计，而一个自顶向下的产品设计系统应该支持多个抽象模型的所有三个设计阶段。在机械工程设计方法的抽象几何、焦点变化、几何继承和重新设计问题等方面也讨论了许多重要的概念和问题。整个自上而下的产品设计包括了设计信息的不同层次的设计阶段，在这些阶段下，会产生不同的设计产品。Sturges等人建立了许多方法和技术在概念设计、功能流图和功能逻辑图中，并提出了功能行为状态（FBS）模型关联函数的符号、行为和状态。Guietal开发了一套行为规范用来捕捉组件间的相互关系。布局设计遵循概念设计，是体现设计阶段的一个非常重要的部分。同时也有一些设计者专注于开发基于布局设计的计算机辅助工具。如Lashin等人分析六个层次的抽象，从粗到细凸壳的几何模型得出的抽象层次模型是适合于大的布局设计，其中所有的几何都必须检测其功能、空间兼容性等等。Csabai等人在三维布局模块中使用设计空间和接口功能，以确定布局设计中的功能组件之间的运动约束。基于它们的表示，在整个设计过程中，可以执行的运动分析。Mantripragada等借助DFC的概念（数据流链）捕捉组件的基本结构。目前的DFC的概念（数据流链）捕捉组件的基本结构。合理的布局设计可以进行建立三维基准定向链控制部分位于相对于彼此。除了提及的工作，Clement等人提出了一个称为系统（技术与拓扑相关的表面）基本面的模型。随着系统的的更新，（最小几何数据元素）被用来定义各种表面协会的参考帧。虽然系统和参照主要是表现尺寸和公差，但参照的背后的“基准面的定义”在布局设计帮助定义运动的关系。

Multi-levelassemblymodelfortop-downdesignofmechanicalproductsXiangChen,Shuminggao,Youdongyang,ShutingzhangStateKeyLaboratoryofCAD&CG,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou,PRChinaAbstractToenablenextgenerationCADtoolstoeffectivelysupporttop-downdesignofproducts,atop-downassemblydesignprocessisrefinedfromthetraditionalproductdesignprocesstobetterexhibittherecursive-executionandstructure-evolvementcharacteristicsofproductdesign.Basedonthetop-downassemblydesignprocess,amulti-levelassemblymodelisputforwardtocapturetheabstractinformation,skeletoninformationanddetailedinformationinvolved.Themulti-levelassemblymodelisameta-levelimplementationandiseasytobeextended.Moreover,theinheritancemechanismsareexploredtoensurethefeasibilityofinformationtransferringandconversionbetweendifferentdesignphasesinthetop-downassemblydesignprocess.Atop-downassemblydesignsampleisanalyzedatlengthtoshowtheapplicationeffectsofthemulti-levelassemblymodelandtherelevantinheritancemechanisms.Inaddition,apracticaltopicaboutthemodeladaptationofexistingCADsystemsisalsodiscussedforabroaderapplicationofthetop-downassemblydesign.Finally,theconclusionoftheworkandthefuturedirectionsforfurtherexplorationaregiven.[keywords]Top-downassemblydesign;Top-downcomponentdesign;Multi-levelassemblymodel;Shapeskeleton;Layoutskeleton;Skeletoninterface;Skeletonfeature;InheritancemechanisminterduceDuetotherapiddevelopmentofglobaleconomicsenvironment,manynewproductspossessthecharacteristicsofgreatcomplexityandscale,andneedknowledgefrommultipledisciplines.Therefore,howtodesigntheseproductseffectivelyandefficientlyisofgreatsignificance.Amongvariousstrategiesforproductdesign,thetop-downapproachisaquiteprominentandnaturalway.Inatop-downapproachanoverviewoftheproductisfirstformulated,andeachcomponent(couldbeapartorasub-assembly)isthenrefinedingreaterdetail,sometimesinmanyadditionalsubcomponentlevels,untilthebasecomponentsaredefinedexactly.Inthiswaythecomplexdesignworkofaproductissubdividedintoseveralsimplerdesignworksofsub-modulesgraduallyandrecursively,hencetoreducethedifficultyandcomplexityofthedesign.Meanwhile,thesesubdividedworkscouldbeexecutedinparalleloncemostoftheinterdependenceamongthemhasbeenpredetermined.Thisparallelizabilitymakesdesigncooperationbetweendifferentgroupspossible.Consideringtheimportanceofthetop-downapproachinproductdesign,computer-basedtoolsandpackagesshouldbeprovidedtohelpdesignerscarryoutthetop-downproductdesignmoreeasilyandconveniently.Unfortunately,withthelimitedsupportofmostcommercialCADsoftwaretothetop-downproductdesignnowadays,therearestillmanydesignworksthatcannotbepoweredupbycomputers.Thiswillwastetoomuchtimeintheproductdesignandeventuallydelaythetimethenewproductentersthemarket.Itisobviouslyalosstobothcompaniesandconsumers.TomakenextgenerationCADtoolssupportingthetop-downproductdesignbetter,thefollowingfundamentalissuesshouldbeconsidered:1.Areasonabletop-downassemblydesignprocessunderlaidwhichissuitableforcomputerization.2.Anintegratedmulti-levelassemblymodelforcapturinginformationindifferentlevelsofabstraction.3.Variousflexiblemechanismswhichensurethetransitionandassociationofdesigninformationbetweendifferentdesignphases.Theworkhereisexactlymeanttoexplorethenovelassemblydesignprocess,assemblymodelandinheritancemechanismsthatarerequiredbynextgenerationCADtoolsinordertosupporttop-downproductdesigneffectively.Specifically,inthispaper,amoreaccuratelyandcompactlydepictedtop-downassemblydesignprocessisrefinedfromtraditionalproductdesignprocess.Basedonthetop-downassemblydesignprocess,wepresentamulti-levelassemblymodelwhichhastheabilitytocapturetheimportantdataandknowledgeindesignandthuscansupportdifferentstagesofthetop-downassemblydesign.Thismodelisameta-levelimplementationandcansupportmainstreamCADsystemsthroughadaptationandextension.Meanwhile,therelevantinheritancemechanismsareexploredtoensuretheeffectivetransmissionandevolvementofdesigninformationbetweendifferentdesignphasesinthewholeproductdesignprocess.Therestofthepaperisorganizedasfollows.Section2reviewssomepreviousstudiesrelatedtothiswork.Section3introducesthetop-downassemblydesignprocessandanalyzestherequirementsforthecorrespondingcomputer-basedsupportingtool.InSection4wegivethedetailsofamulti-leveltop-downassemblymodelandSection5describesvariousinheritancemechanismsfortop-downassemblydesign.Section6showsatop-downassemblydesignsampleandsomerelevantapplicationsofthemulti-levelassemblymodel.TheninSection7,theadaptationandextensionmethodfortheexistingCADsystemsisdiscussedforpracticaltop-downassemblydesign.Finally,conclusionandfutureworkareprovided.RelatedwordsTraditionalmechanicaldesignisatop-downprocesswhichstartswithoverallsketchandroughrequirementstodetailedandrefinedcomponentsgradually.Itiswellrecognizedthat,inthelonghistoryofevolvementinmechanicaldesign,top-downproductdesignisalwaysanimportantissueandtherelevantcomputerbasedtoolssupportingtop-downdesignareabsolutelynecessary.Someworksanalyzethecharacteristicsoftraditionaltop-downproductdesignanddiscovertheinterestingissuesaboutit.Libardietal.[1]giveanoverviewoftheliteraturebefore1988aboutthedevelopmentofcomputerenvironmentsformechanicalassemblydesign.Inthereview,supportfortop-downdesignandmultipleviewpointsisoneofthekeypoints.WenJianetal.[2]overviewthestateoftheartintheresearchoftop-downproductdesignandpointoutsomeproblemswhichneedtobeovercomeintop-downdesignsystems,suchasassemblymodelrepresentationfortop-downproductdesignandthereasoningmethodfromconceptualmodeltoparametricmodel.TheresearchconductedbyMantyla[3]isapioneerworkwhichaddressesthetop-downproductdesignsystemseriously.Inthework,theauthorpointsoutthatthedesignprocesscouldbedecomposedintofunctionaldesign,conceptualdesignanddetaildesign,whileatop-downproductdesignsystemshouldsupportmultipleabstractionmodelsforallthethreedesignphases.Manyimportantconceptsandissuesabouttop-downdesignapproachinmechanicalengineeringarealsodiscussed,suchasabstractgeometry,focuschange,geometryinheritanceandredesignproblem.Thewholetop-downproductdesignconsistsofseveraldesignphasesdealingwithdifferentlevelsofdesigninformation.Manyrelevantworksarepresentedforspecificdesignphasesinthetop-downproductdesign.Thereareanumberofmethodsandtechniquesforestablishingfunctionstructureinconceptualdesign.Sturgesetal.[4]presentfunctionalflowchartsandfunctionallogicdiagramsforfunctionrepresentation.Umedaetal.[5]proposetheFunction-BehaviorState(FBS)modelwhichassociatesthefunctionsymbols,behaviorsandstatestogether,thefirstonethesubjectivepartandthelattertwotheobjectiveparts.Karnoppetal.[6]discusstheuseofbondgraphsinmodelingofelectrical,mechanicalandhydraulicsystems.Guietal.[7]developedasetofbehavioralspecificationstocapturetheinter-relationshipsamongcomponents.Moredetailsanddiscussionaboutthesetechniquescanbefoundin[8].Layoutdesignisaveryimportantpartintheembodimentdesignphasewhichfollowstheconceptualdesign.Therearealsosomeworksconcentratingonthedevelopmentofcomputer-basedtoolsforlayoutdesign.Lashinetal.[9]analyzesixlevelsofabstractionfromthecoarsestconvexhulltothefinestgeometricmodelandconcludethattheabstractionlevel2modelissuitedfordesignoflargelayouts,inwhichallthegeometrynecessarytocheckfunction,spatialcompatibility,etc.,aredescribed.Csabaietal.[10,11]usedesignspacesandinterfacefeaturesintheir3DLayoutModuletodeterminethekinematicconstraintsbetweenfunctionalcomponentsinlayoutdesign.Basedontheirrepresentation,kinematicanalysiscouldbeexecutedinanearlystageduringthewholedesignprocess.Mantripragadaetal.[12]presenttheconceptofDFC(datumflowchain)tocapturethefundamentalstructureofassembly.Thelogicallayoutdesigncouldbecarriedouttoestablishdirectedchainsofdimensionaldatumstocontrolhowpartsarelocatedwithrespecttoeachother.Besidestheworksmentioned,Clementetal.[13]presentamodelcalledTTRS(technologicallyandtopologicallyrelatedsurfaces)toassociateelementarysurfaces.AlongwithTTRS,theMGDE(minimumgeometricdatumelements)isusedtodefinethereferenceframesofvarioussurfacesassociations.AlthoughtheTTRSandMGDEaremainlypresentedfordimensioningandtolerancing,theideaofthe‘“abstractionofrealsurfaces”behindMGDEcouldbepotentiallyusedinlayoutdesigntohelpdesignkinematicrelationships.Inthelasttwodecades,feature-basedassemblymodelinghasattractedmanyresearchers’attention.Shahetal.[14]describetheassemblymodelingasanextensionoffeature-basedmodelingforparts.Intheworkanassemblyfeatureisusedtobindtwocomponentstogether,whichissubstantiallyanassociationbetweentwoformfeaturesondifferentparts.Constraintsonmatingfeatures’shapesandrelativepositionsaredefinedinassemblyfeatures.Hollandetal.[15,16]use“Related”and“Relation”asthebaseclassesforbothpartandassemblymodeling.Assemblyfeaturesareusedinbothassemblymodelingandassemblyplanning(assemblysequenceplanning,assemblymotionplanning,fixtureplanning,etc.),whichincludehandlingfeaturesforhandlingcomponentsandconnectionfeaturesforconnectingcomponentstogether.Shyamsundaretal.[17]introducetheconceptofvirtualspaceandpresentageometricrepresentationAREPforcollaborativeassemblydesign.Assemblyfeaturesintheworkareclassifiedintorelationalassemblyfeaturesindicatingtherelationbetweengeometricfeatures,andassemblyformfeaturesastheresultofjoiningcertainshapefeaturesoftwocomponentstogether.Singhetal.[18]presentassemblyportstogrouptogethertheinterfaceinformationbetweenparts.Basedontheporterpresentation,analysisforlabelmatching,dimensionevaluation,matingconstraintsolvability,etc.couldbecarriedontoautomatethematingdefinitionandreducethedesigners’effort.Kimetal.[19]describetheirARM(assemblyrelationmodel)anddevelopanAsDontologybasedonARMwhichcapturesthesemanticsofassembly/joiningconceptsandrelations.TheAsDontologyisappliedincollaborativeproductdevelopmentandshowsitscapabilityinmaintainingthedesignintentofassemblyrelations.However,thepresentedontologyisnotaimedatcapturingthedesignknowledgeandinformationinvolvedinthedynamictop-downassemblydesignprocess.Besidestheworkthatfocusesonspecificdesignphases,manyresearchershavealsoexploredintegrationmethodsofthedifferentinformationrepresentationinvolvedinconceptualdesignanddownstreamproductdevelopment.Kusiaketal.[20]usediagraphstohelpthetransformationfromconceptualdesignandembodimentdesign.Brunettietal.[21]presentafeature-basedrepresentationtoestablishtherelationshipsamongrequirements,functions,workingprinciplesandgeometricmodels.Royetal.[22]giveanobject-orientedapproachtohelptheproductdesignpassingthroughthecompleteproduct’slifecyclefromfunctionalrequirementstoartifacts.Bronsvoortetal.[23]describeamultiple-viewfeaturemodelingapproachforintegralproductdesignwhichincludesconceptualdesignview,assemblydesignview,partdetaildesignviewandpartmanufacturingplanningview.Theconsistencymaintenancemechanismisalsodiscussedinthework.

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