电子商务简介外文翻译文献

电子商务简介外文翻译文献电子商务简介外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文：ElectroniccommerceElectroniccommerce,ortheelectronicstrade,ortheelectronicbusinessisregardedasanewkindofrisingbusinessmodelwhichwillbringaboutprofoundinfluenceonsocialeconomy.Anditcanbesaidastheimportantfunctioninthesocialdevelopmentoftheworld-widelocations.Itrepresentsthecurrentoftheworldtradeinlateof21centuries.1).Whatistheelectroniccommerce?Electroniccommercepointisthroughtheteleportationmethodtocarryonthebusinessdata'sexchangewiththenumericalformandon-linebusinessactivity.Usually,electroniccommercecanbedividedintodichotomouslayers:Thefirstisalowlevelelectroniccommerce,namelyelectronicbusinessintelligencereport,theelectronicbargainandelectronicscontract.Thesecondoneisahighelectroniccommerce,includingallkindsofbusinessactivitieswhichaskforhelpingInternet'sbeengagedins,fromsearchingthecustomer,thebusinessnegotiation,order,on-linepayment,theelectronicsinvoice,goingtotheelectronicstopaycustomsduties,theelectronicspaytax,alloftheseareengagedintheInternet.Theelectroniccommercemeansthatalltradeswiththerealizationelectronical.Ithasthefollowingcharacteristics:①Fairfreedom,the②isefficiently,globalizationof③,theconjectureof④turn,interactionof⑤,⑥independence,⑦humanizationservice.Makinguseoftheelectroniccommerce,customerandprovidercancontactintheglobalscopemutuallycloselyandconveniently.Asaresultthecustomerscanfindouttheirsatisfydemandingidealstoprovidethegoodstothecompanyfromeachcornerintheworld.Theelectroniccommercewillchangetheenvironmentthatthebusinessenterprisecompetesmutually,lowerundertheresidinginthemarketstructureoftraditionishighnotofcost.tradethecostlowandeasytoenteredperson'smarketandgovernmentstoencouragetouseInternet(tax-free)toactivatetheelectroniccommerce,pushitsstart伊tostarttodevelopthenandquickly.Predictaccordingtotheexpert,to2000,thewholeworldelectroniccommercewillattainthescaleofUSD300,000,000,000.Butithasalreadyexceededthisscale.Forinsuringthesafetyoftheelectroniccommerce,shouldbuilduptheelectronicscertificatecenter.ThenumericalIDcardusestothedefiniteevidencebody.ThenumericalIDcardissuestoentrusttothethirdsquare,namelyanauthorizationmachineTheorgancarryout,itincludestheholdertoidentifytheinformation(name,address,thecontactmethod,theIDcardserialnumber),bothpartiespoolingkeyofsecret,termofvalidity,passwordandtheauthorizationorganizationstoidentifyinformationetc..MakeuseofthenumericalIDcard,tradethebothpartiesandcaninsuretoidentifyanotheronesquare'sbody,anddefiniteevidenceanothertheinformationthatasquaresendouthasnotyettochange.2).theinfluencethattheelectroniccommercemayproduceComparedwiththetraditionalbusiness,theelectroniccommercehasthefollowingadvantage:*Overlaythescopewide:AnetworksystemthatcombinesInternet,intranet(theareanetofthebureauofthebusinessenterpriseinnerpart)andextranet(thebusinessenterpriseexteriornetwork)smakebuyer,sellingparty,manufactoryanditcooperatecolleaguecanintheworldofscopecontactanddeliverthebusinessintelligencereportanddocumentsexpedientlymutually.*Thefunctioniswell-found:Intheelectroniccommerce,differentfromthecustomerofdifferentlayercancarryoutbargaintargetofdifferentcategory,forexample,releasethebusinessintelligencereport,on-linenegotiation,theelectronicspaymentandbuildupvirtualmarketandon-linebanketc.s.*Usagetheconvenienceisvivid:AccordingtoInternet,theelectroniccommerceisfreefromtherestrictthatthespecializeddataexchangestheagreement.Canusepersonalcalculatorofanytype,atintheworldanylocation,carryonthebargainexpedientlyonthecalculatorscreen.*Thecostislow:Makeuseoftheelectroniccommerce,theexpenditurethatcancutdowntousedforexpensesandinternationaltripsthatemploystheemployee,themaintenancewarehouseandshopfrontandmailconsumedly.TheexpensesthatusesInternetisverylow.Theelectroniccommercewillbringaboutimportantinfluenceonsocialeconomy:*Theelectroniccommercewillchangethepeoplethebehaviormethodthatadopthabituallyinthebusinessactivity.Passthenetwork,thepeoplecanenterthevirtualstoreofperson,browsingeverywhere,choosetheirinterestedinthing,andenjoyvariouson-lineservice.Ontheotherhand,company'shousecanpassthenetworkandtheconsumercontacts,decidingtopurchasetheproduct(categoryandquantity)tocombinetheclosebook.Thegovernmentorgancancarryontheelectronicsinvitationtobidandgovernmentpurchasesthroughanetwork.*Thecoreoftheelectroniccommerceisaperson.Itisasocialsystem.Theon-linestorechangedthepeople'sdailylifemethod,fullbodynowtheconsumerisinindependentpowerinthebargain.*Theelectroniccommercechangebusinessenterpriseproducesthewayoftheproduct.Passthenetwork,themanufactorydirectunderstandingmarketneed,andarrangetheproductionaccordingtothedemandoftheconsumer.*Theelectroniccommerceraisedthetradeefficiencybiggest,canremoveinthecenterlink;Thebiggestlimitlowersthesalecost.Producethearrangementcancarryout"thesmallbatchquantityaddsthespeciesdiverse",but"zerostocks"sbecomerealistic.*Theelectroniccommercecallsthebankservicereform.Beliketheon-linebank,on-linecashcardandcreditcard,on-lineclosebook,electronicsinvoice,theelectronics"cash"s-houroftheconsumerpurchaseanyfurtherneednotactualcash-thesenewtheconceptwillbecomerealistic.*Theelectroniccommercewillchangethegovernmentbehavior.So-called"on-linegovernment",anon-lineadministrationmanagementorganizationisexertivetheimportantfunctionofthesocialoutlet,keeporderandfair,fishforandsmashon-linecheat.3).thepresentconditionoftheflourishingandnationalelectroniccommerce90'sin20centuriesmiddle,Internetexperiencesthedevelopmentofexplodethetype,thetinymachineenterstenthousandofperson'sthousand,thecalculatornetworkhasalreadybecomepeople'sdailylifeinthenecessarypart.Peopletheinhopesofcalculatornetworkbringsmoreadvantagesandconvenience.Theelectroniccommerceemergewiththetideofthetimes.Atflourishingnation,actualappliedpolicyofthegovernmentwelltimedestablishmentpushelectroniccommerce,occupythepredominantpositioninnewlyacompetitionofscopeofworld.TheelectroniccommerceoftheUnitedStatescontrolsthetradeofworld.Currently,thereare60,000,000customersofInternetintheUnitedStates.98%buysthemanageraboveon-linelookforthetarget.Accordingtotheestimateof,to2002,oftheAmericanbusinessenterprisepassthevaluethattheelectroniccommercecompletesthetradingposttoinvolveandwillhave6.1%anofGDP《wealth》thecovarianceenunciationofthemagazine,500strongcompaniesinworldallopentheon-linebusinessofexhibition.TheIBMacceptstheperson's25%(aboutUSD20,000,000,000)tohavesomethingtodowithelectroniccommerce.Hadtheelectroniccommerceluckily,maketheIBMsavetheexpenditureofUSD250,000,000in1999.4).thedevelopmentoftheChineseelectroniccommerceThedevelopmentoftheChinesegovernmentandcivilelectroniccommercebeginsfrom1993.Today,theelectroniccommercehasalreadybeenapplyinforeigntrade,maritimecustoms,financeandbusinessrealm.PekingandShanghaihasalreadybuiltupthenativeelectroniccommerceframe.SomeelectroniccommerceWebaddresseshavealreadyopennedtotheon-lineshoppingandon-lineclosebook.Thoughdoalltheseeffort,ChinaopenthecompanyoftheexhibitionelectroniccommercetosufferthelossinonebusinessofC(theBdepartmentpointsthebusiness,Cthedepartmentpointstheconsumer)ofonetoofitsBosomedChineseexpertslovethisshoppinghabitthatattributestotheChinese-Chineseconsumertheamateurthattheshoppingseesasakindofinteresting;Theyenjoytopasstoenjoyandcomparethemerchandiseandhaggletotheexpensivefun;Butallthesewillstartdisappearfromtheon-lineshopping.Otherexpertscan'tpracticethebusinessthisphenomenonattributestothesocietyinthewidespreadandexistentdoubtattitude11bankswitheachotherbecauseoffrighteneditsrivalpullstowalkcustomer;Thebankhastopulltothewalkcustomer;Thecashcardcan'tmakewidelyavailablebecausethebankdoesnotbelievethecommonpeople;Butthecommonpeopledonotliketheon-lineshoppingetc.Becauseofthebeliefoftheon-linestore.Why?Thereasonliesinon-lineandsocietyinmanyaffairsthatarealldeceitful,forexamplethedeceitfulcustomerquantity,deceitfulinterviewflowingthecovariance,counterfeitsthemerchandise,forgesthediploma,forgestheresume,deceitfulinvestment,deceitfulrank,appearsonmarketthebusinessenterprisedeceitfulacceptpersonetc..Thusacomprehensiveenvironmentwillnotchangeinverylongtimerecently.Insuchenvironment,itcan'tbeengagedinanybusinessactivity.SomanyoperatorsofIT'selectroniccommerceofournationslosttheconfidence.5).theelectroniccommerceoutlookThoughthedevelopmentisquickandseemstohavethebrightfuture.Theelectroniccommercefacesaseriesofactualproblems,forexample,involvingsafety,technique,expenses,lawsystem,revenuefromtaxsystem,idea,privacyprotection,infrastructureetc.problems.However,theelectroniccommercehasthemaincurrentofthenewbusinessenterpriseofcentury,andwilldevelopquicklyinseveralyearsofaftertime.Somecompanyestimates,untilto2003,theelectroniccommercebetweenthedevelopedcountriesofbusinessenterpriseswhichwillhave9%ofthebusinesstotalamount(13,USD0)above.Butinallaspectstheonlineconsumesoftheelectroniccommerce,untilto2002,thesalesamountwillattainUSD76,300,000,000.Butpositivesuchastheexpert'sestimate,theelectroniccommerceofChinawillcatchupwithin10yearsinthedevelopedcountries.Theyputforwardspending3to5yearstodrawupdevelopingtheelectroniccommerce.Thatofplan,policyandregulation,constructhugeandsolidtrueatofelectroniccommercesystem,willencouragethespecializedtalentedperson,excellentturntheelectroniccommercesystemofsomeprofessionsandregion;Thenwith5to7years,internationalelectroniccommerce’s,makingourelectroniccommercesystembecometheimportanceoftheinternationalelectroniccommercetoconstitutethepart;Makingwidelyavailabletheelectroniccommerceapplication,wepromotetheelectroniccommerceoftheourcountrytothehigherlevelintheaspectsofthestudy,developsandapply,attainsaverageleveloftheflourishingnation.

电子商务电子商务，或者电子贸易，或者电子商业作为一种新兴的商业模式，将对社会经济产生深远的影响，并且在世界各地的社会发展中发挥重要作用。它代表着21世纪以后世界贸易的潮流。1)．何为电子商务？电子商务指的是通过电子传输方式以数字形式进行商务数据交换和在线从事的商业活动。通常，电子商务可以分成两个层次：一是低层次电子商务，即电子商业情报、电子交易和电子契约。二是高层次电子商务，包括借助因特网从事的所有商业活动，从找寻客户，商业谈判，下订单，在线付款，出具电子发票，至电子报关，电子纳税，全都在因特网上进行。电子商务意味着所有贸易交易实现电子化。它有以下特征：①公平自由，②高效，③全球化，④虚拟化，⑤互动性，⑥自主，⑦人性化服务。利用电子商务，客户和供货商可以在全球范围相互密切和方便的联系，因而客户能够从世界各个角落找到满足其需求的理想供货商。电子商务将改变企业相互竞争的环境，降低在传统的市场结构中居高不下的成本。交易成本低、便于进人市场和政府鼓励使用因特网（免税）激活了电子商务，推动其起步伊始便迅速发展。据专家预测，到2000年，全世界电子商务将达到3,000亿美元的规模。而它已经超过这一规模。为了确保电子商务的安全，应当建立电子证明中心。数字身份证用来确证身份。数字身份证的发放委托给第三方，即一家授权机构办理，它包括持有人的识别信息（姓名、地址、联系方式、身份证编号）、双方共用的密钥、有效期、密码和授权机构的识别信息等。利用数字身份证，交易双方能够确保识别另一方的身份，并且确证另一方发出的信息未经更改。2)．电子商务可能产生的影响与传统商业相比，电子商务具有以下优势：＊覆盖范围广：一个结合因特网、内联网（企业内部的局域网）和外联网（企业外部网络）的网络系统使买方、卖方、制造商及其合作伙伴能够在世界范围相互联系和方便地传输商业情报和文件。＊功能齐全：在电子商务中，不同类别和不同层次的用户能够实现不同的交易目标，例如，发布商业情报、在线谈判、电子付款、建立虚拟市场和在线银行等。＊使用方便灵活：基于因特网，电子商务不受专门数据交换协议的限制。可以使用任何类型的个人计算机，在世界上的任何地点，在计算机屏幕上方便地进行交易。＊成本低：利用电子商务，能够大大削减用于雇佣员工、维持仓库和店面的费用及国际旅行和邮寄的开支。使用因特网的费用非常低。电子商务将对社会经济产生重大影响：＊电子商务将改变人们在商业活动中习惯采取的行为方式。通过网络，人们可以进人虚拟商店，四下浏览，挑选他们感兴趣的东西，以及享受各种在线服务。另一方面，商家可以通过网络与消费者联系，决定购买物品（种类和数量）并结账。政府机构能够通过网络进行电子招标和政府采购。＊电子商务的核心是人。它是一个社会系统。在线商店改变了人们的日常生活方式，充分体现消费者在交易中的自主权。＊电子商务改变企业生产产品的方式。通过网络，制造商直接了解市场需求，并且按照消费者的需要安排生产。＊电