必修② Unit 1 课下主题训练 地球与宇宙奥秘探索

必修②Unit1课下主题训练地球与宇宙奥秘探索课时作业(一)一、主题语基拓展练(一)主题词汇盘查(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)①incredible □ ②universe □③technology □ ④crash □⑤origin □ ⑥fascinated □⑦globe □ ⑧discovery □⑨phenomenon □ ⑩spirit □⑪astronomer □ ⑫emerge □⑬trail □ ⑭microscope □⑮expedition □ ⑯observe □⑰planet □ ⑱telescope □⑲arouse □ ⑳explore □(二)主题词汇训练Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)trail,origin,planet,universe,technology,expedition,arouse,crash,discovery,observe1．Ofthesixpeopleinjuredinthecarcrash,_onlytwosurvived.2．Therapiddevelopmentoftechnologymeansthatsheisnowfarbehind,andwillneedretraining.3．Thepolicefollowedtherobberstotheairportbutthenlosttheirtrail.4．Robstoodinthehallway,fromwherehecouldobservethehappeningsonthestreet.5．Thepictureshowssixofthenineplanetsinthesolarsystem.6．Researchersinthisfieldhavemadesomeimportantnewdiscoveries.7．Theadvertisementandpackagingaremethodsusedtoarouseconsumers'curiosity.8．Scientistsclaimedtohavesolvedthemysteryofthebirthoftheuniverse.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Ithinkyoushouldgobacktoyouroriginal(origin)plan,whichisbetterthanit.2．Theworldissuffering,suchasglobal(globe)warming,andtherearemanysimilarevents.3．Thedrugisnotanewdiscovery(discover)—it'sbeenknownaboutforyears.4．Whiledifferentcultureshavedifferentmoralstandards,somestandardsareuniversal(universe)．5．Astudysuggeststhathavingapetdognotonlyraisesyourspirits(spirit)butmayalsohaveaneffectonyoureatinghabits.6．Visitorswerefascinated(fascinate)bythewonderfulmusicfountainshowandthebeautyofnatureinHangzhou.7．Myteacherorganizedaunitonspaceexploration(explore)thatreallysparkedmyinterest.8．Thegovernmenthasdeclaredastateofemergency(emerge)followingtheearthquake.Ⅲ.写出下列句中加红词的汉语意思1．Theastronomerpresentedanewconceptofthebeginningoftheuniverse.天文学家2．Generallyspeaking,thereareseveralreasonsaccountingforthisphenomenon.现象3．Ifyoulookatthepaperunderamicroscopeyouwillseethefibres.显微镜4．Duringtheexpedition,theywalkedtentothirteenhoursaday.探险5．It'shopedthatthetelescopewillenablescientiststoseedeeperintotheuniversethaneverbefore.望远镜6．Itseemedincrediblethatshehadbeenthereaweekalready.难以置信的7．Whiletakingpartinsportsgame,wewillarousethecompetitivespiritinusandtryourbesttowinthegame.激发二、主题语篇押题练Ⅰ.阅读理解ADaphneSoares,abiologist,makesanamazingdiscoveryaboutalligators(短吻鳄).Thefirsttimeshegotreallyclosetoanalligatorwaswhenshewashelpingtoholddownaneight­footAmericanalligator.Itwasthenthatshenoticeditsfacewascoveredwithlittleblackspots.Thisledtothediscoveryofthelittleblackdots.Shestartedherstudyoftheblackdots.Whenshereadthebooksandthescientificjournals,shelearnedthatpeoplehadnoticedthedots,butnoonereallyknewwhatthedotswerefor.Tofindoutthesecret,sheplacedelectrodes(电极)onnervescomingfromsomeofthedots.Whenthenervesfired,theysentamessagetothebrainandcreatedatinyelectriccurrent(电流).Justthensheheardasmallsoundoveraloudspeaker.Shetriedtoseeifthedotsactedlikeeyesandtemperaturesensors,butnothingworked.Onedayshewascarelesswithdroppingatoolintoanalligator'stank.Whensheputherhandinthetanktogetthetoolout,shemadesmallwavesinthewater.Whentheyreachedthealligator'sface,sheheardanoiseoverthespeaker.Shethenrealizedthatthedotsmustbesensitivetothechangesinpressurewhenhitbywavesofwater.Afterthat,sheisnowstudyingblindcavefish.Sheistryingtolearnwhethertheyareblindfrombirthorlosetheirsightastheygrowup.Sheisalsodoingmoreresearchoncrocodilians.Shewantstofindouthowthegenesofalligatorswithpressuresensorsonlyontheirfacesdifferfromthegenesofcrocodiliansthathavepressuresensorsallovertheirbody.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了生物学家达芙妮·索雷斯偶然发现短吻鳄脸上小黑点的作用的故事，以及她在其他方面的研究工作。1．WhydidDaphneSoaresfirstgetclosetothealligator?A．Toobserveitsblackdots.B．Tofindthesecretofitsdots.C．Tohelpotherstoholditup.D．Topreventitfrommoving.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，达芙妮·索雷斯第一次近距离接触短吻鳄是因为要帮忙按住它，故选D。2．WhathappenedwhenDaphneSoaresfirstputelectrodesonthenervesofsomeblackdots?A．Alittlenoisewassentout.B．Anelectriccurrentcreatedamessage.C．Thenerveswereonfiresuddenly.D．Thenervessensedtemperaturechanges.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，通电之后通过扬声器她听到了细小的声音，故选A。3．HowdidDaphneSoaresfirstfindthefunctionofalligators'blackdots?A．Byexperiment. B．Byreference.C．Byaccident. D．Bycomparison.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可推知，她是通过一次小意外发现了短吻鳄脸上小黑点的作用。故选C。4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Cavefishlosesightastheygrowup.B．DaphneSoaresdevotesherenergytoresearchwork.C．Alligators'genesarethesameascrocodilians'.D．DaphneSoaresdiscoveredanewspeciesofalligator.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，达芙妮·索雷斯除了研究短吻鳄，还在研究洞穴鱼，并对鳄目动物进行更多的研究工作，由此可推知，达芙妮·索雷斯把自己的精力投入到研究工作中。故选B。BAnunderwaterrobotnamedIcefinhasgonetothebottomofAntarctica'sThwaitesGlacier(冰川)recently,whichisoneofAntarctica'sfastestmelting(融化)glaciers.Evenso,scientistslearnedunexpectedlythatwatersatthegroundline,theregionwheretheglaciermeetsthesea,aremorethan2degreesCelsiusabovethenormalfreezingtemperature.Thejourneytocollectthedatawasn'teasy.ScientistsdroppedIcefinthrougha700­meter­deepholetheyhaddrilledthroughtheglacier.“We'reproudofIcefin,sinceitrepresentsanewwayoflookingatglaciers，”saidBritneySchmidt,leadscientistforIcefin.“Forreallythefirsttime,wecandrivemilesundertheicetomeasureandmapprocesseswecan'totherwisereach.We'vetakenthefirstclose­uplookatagroundingzone.It'sour‘walkingonthemoon’moment.”Thegroundingzoneistheregionwherethebottomoftheglaciermeetstheseawaterbeneathit.Theteamspentthelasttwomonthsinminus30℃ThwaitesGlacier,roughlythesizeofFlorida,whichpreventstheicebehinditfromfreelyflowingintotheocean,ismeltingatanincreasinglyfastrate.Itsmeltingalreadyaccountsforabout4%oftheglobalsearise,GeorgiaTechreported.TheamountoficeflowingoutofThwaitesintotheseahasdoubledinthepast30years,greatlychangingthelandscape,temperaturesandtheecosystemofAntarctica.“WeknowthatwarmeroceanwatersareerodingmanyofWestAntarctica'sglaciers,butwe'reparticularlyconcernedaboutThwaites，”KeithNicholls,anoceanographerwiththeBritishAntarcticSurveyandtheUnitedKingdomleadontheteam,saidintheGeorgiaTechstatement.“Thisnewdatawillprovideanewviewpointoftheprocessestakingplace,sowecanpredictfuturechangewithmorecertainty.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家把一台水下机器人放入思韦茨冰川底部进行科学考察，发现那里的水温高于一般的结冰温度。5．WhatwerescientistssurprisedtodiscoveratthebottomofThwaitesGlacier?A．Ameltingglacier. B．Warmwaters.C．Thegroundline. D．Anunderwaterrobot.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，出乎科学家们意料的是他们发现在这个冰川底部水温竟然高于一般的结冰温度2摄氏度。最后一段中的“WeknowthatwarmeroceanwatersareerodingmanyofWestAntarctica'sglaciers”也是提示。6．WhatdidIcefindoasitmovedalongunderwater?A．Ittookphotos. B．Itmappedthearea.C．Itdrilledholes. D．Itmeasuredseawater.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Asitmovedalong,Icefintookmeasurementsandrecordedwhatitsawwithaninsidecamera”可知，当机器人在水底向前移动的时候，它同时还测量海水和用内置照相机记录情况。7．FromParagraph4,wecaninferThwaitesGlacier________.A．isextremelyvitaltoAntarcticaB．isalotlargerthanFlorida,USAC．ismeltingthefastestinAntarcticaD．istoblamefortheglobalseariseentirely解析：选A推理判断题。根据第四段中的“preventstheicebehinditfromfreelyflowingintotheocean”及“greatlychangingthelandscape,temperaturesandtheecosystemofAntarctica”可推知，思韦茨冰川对南极至关重要。8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eroding”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Accumulating. B．Shaping.C．Raising. D．Destroying.解析：选D词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“butwe'reparticularlyconcernedaboutThwaites”可知，画线词应表示一种令人担忧的情况；再结合前面的“warmeroceanwaters”和画线词后面的动作承受者“manyofWestAntarctica'sglaciers”可推知，画线词表示“侵蚀”，故选D。Ⅱ.应用文写作假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍外国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给英国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下：1．栏目介绍；2．稿件内容；3．稿件长度：约400词；4．交稿日期：6月28日前。注意：1.词数80左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。DearPeter，I'dliketoaskyoutowriteanarticleforourschool'sEnglishnewspaper.I'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Yours,LiHua参考范文：DearPeter，I'dliketoaskyoutowriteanarticleforourschool'sEnglishnewspaper.The“ForeignCultures”sectioninournewspaperisverypopularamongusstudents.Itcarriesarticleswrittenbyforeignfriendsabouttheculturesoftheirhomecountries.Wouldyoupleasewritesomethingaboutthecultureinyourhometown?AndwewouldespeciallywelcomearticlesabouthowtheBritishspendtheirholidaysandfestivals,andthelifeofBritishhighschoolstudents.Youcanwriteanythingrelevantsolongasit'sinterestingandinformative.400wordswouldbefine.CouldwehaveyourarticlebeforeJune28?I'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Yours,LiHua课时作业(二)一、主题语基拓展练(一)主题词汇盘查(已会词汇，在□内打“√”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)①wetland □ ②ecology □③coexistence □ ④confirm □⑤jungle □ ⑥habitat □⑦convinced □ ⑧false □⑨endangered □ ⑩species □⑪unsolved □ ⑫firmly □⑬evolution □ ⑭scare □⑮enormous □ ⑯current □⑰prove □ ⑱awesome □⑲escape □ ⑳swallow □(二)主题词汇训练Ⅰ.选词填空(有两词多余)endangered，ecology，habitat，species，convinced，unsolved，escape，confirm，current，swallow1．Beforechoicesarefinalized,parentswillbeaskedtosigntoconfirmtheirchildren'schoices.2．Weallcomplainaboutthelossofthequalityoflifethroughthedestructionofourecology.3．Hestoodupandwenoutwithoutsayingaword,leavingtheproblemunsolved.4．Myparentshavealwaysconvincedmetochallengemyself,forwhichI'mreallygrateful.5．Whenaskedforyourviewsaboutyourcurrentjob,onnoaccountmustyoubenegativeaboutit.6．Ifyouarenotafish,whydidyouletthismonsterswallowyou?7．Thesocietywassetuptopreserveendangeredspeciesfromextinction.8．Forestsprovideshelterforpeopleandhabitatforgreatplantsandanimals.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Wemusttakeactionstoprotectendangered(endanger)animalswithoutdelay.2．Althoughthepolicethoughthewasthemostlikelyone,sincetheyhadnoexactproof(prove)aboutit,theycouldnotarresthim.3．Humanbeingsareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescaping(escape)fromtheearthintospace.4．Onemustapplyoneselftothepresentandkeepone'seyesfirmly(firm)fixedonone'sfuturegoals.5．Afamilyherehasaveryfiercedog,andeveryoneisscared(scare)whentheyseeit.6．You'llneedtoconvincethemofyourenthusiasmforthejobwhenyouareinterviewed.7．Currently(current)manyschools'sportsgroundsarenotfullymadeuseof.Ⅲ.写出下列句中加蓝词的汉语意思1．Theplanecrashedinanareaofdensejungle.Therewerenosurvivors.丛林2．Hisworkhasledotherstoprotectthehabitatofthisendangeredspecies.栖息地3．Thelossofglaciersduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.巨大的4．Thewideplain,withthousandsofanimalsonthemove,wasanawesomescene.令人惊叹的5．Thisisanencouragingsignthatwecanrestoreandimproveourwetlandhabitats,whichbringvitalbenefitstobothpeopleandwildlife.湿地6．Someirresponsiblewebsitesallowedrestaurantstopostfalsepicturesthatcouldmisleadcustomers.虚假的7．Perhapsevolutionprovidedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworlds.进化，演变二、主题语篇押题练Ⅰ.阅读理解BrianGreene,aprofessorofphysicsandmathematicsatColumbiaUniversity,hascreatedanonlinescienceeducationplatform.Hetriesto“buildabridge”withthingsyouknowabout,andthen“bringyouacrossthatbridgetothestrangeplaceofmodernphysics”．RecentlyIhadachancetoaskGreeneaboutwormholes(aholewhichsomescientiststhinkmightexist,connectingpartsofspaceandtimethatarenotusuallyconnected),timetravelandothermysteriesoftheuniverse.Iaskedhimamillion­dollarquestion:WhatifIwentthroughawormholeandpreventedmyparentsfrommeeting？“Mostofusbelievethattheuniversemakessense，”Greenesaid.Althoughthereareseveralinterestingtheoriesabouttimetravel,headded,thelawsofphysicswouldprobablypreventsomethingsoillogicalfromtakingplace.Thegoodnewsisthatthetimeparadox(悖论)isopenforfuturephysiciststosolve.Whenaskedhowphysicscouldbecomemoreexcitingforkids,GreenesaidthatbooksbyStephenWeinberg,LeonardSusskind,andotherphysicists，“makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmath”．WhenIpointedoutthatsomestudentsstillmightfindphysicsboring,Greenesaidthatthekeyistoteachthemaboutthingsthatarestrange.“Thebasicstuffisimportant，”Greenesaid.“ButIthinkit'sreallyimportanttoalsodescribethemoremodernideas,thingslikeblackholesandtheBigBang.Ifkidshavethoseideasinmind,thenatleastsomeofthemwillbeexcitedtolearnallthedetails.”GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.AsGreenesaid,physicsis“notjustamatterofsolvingproblemsinanexam”.It'saboutexperimenting,showinganinterestinstrangephenomena(现象)—andhavingfun!语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了物理学家BrianGreene希望更多的孩子可以对现代物理学感兴趣。1．Amillion­dollarquestionisprobablyvery________.A．direct B．difficultC．personal D．long解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段Greene对这个问题的解释以及他说需要未来的物理学家去解决可知，作者提出的这个问题非常难。2．ThebooksbyWeinbergandSusskind________.A．areboringtoreadB．aremainlyaboutmathC．arepopularsciencebooksD．areonlypopularamongkids解析：选C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“booksby...‘makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmath’”可知，Greene认为Weinberg和Susskind等物理学家写的书浅显易懂，适合普通大众阅读，故这些书属于科普读物。3．AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingdoesGreeneagreewith?A．Modernphysicsisaboringsubject.B．Interestplaysanimportantroleinstudying.C．Itisnotnecessarytolearnallaboutphysics.D．ItiseasytodescribeblackholesandtheBigBang.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第四段他所说的话可知，他认为兴趣在学习过程中起着非常重要的作用。4．Inthelastparagraph,Greenehopesthat________.A．kidscanlovescienceandphysicsB．kidscandowellinphysicsexamsC．kidscanhavefunwithexperimentsD．kidscanfindmorestrangethingsinlife解析：选A推理判断题。根据最后一段的“GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.”可知，Greene希望孩子们可以像他一样对科学和物理感兴趣，去探索宇宙的奥秘。Ⅱ.阅读七选五Itseemsthattheissueoverbatsisonewheremanyhumansaredivided.__1__Butthosethatknowaboutthebatsinmoredetailaretheonesthatfindthemtobefascinatingcreatures.Rabies(狂犬病)isoftenthoughttobecarriedbydogs.However,batscarryittooandmorepeopleareinfectedbythemannuallythanbydogs.Abatcanbiteahumanastheysleepandthepersonmaynotevenfeelit.__2__Careshouldbetakenabouthowareaswherebatswerelivingarecleaned.Infact,itisbesttoallowaprofessionaltocleanupthewastethathasbeenleftbehind.__3__Itcanalsoresultindustfromoldwastereleasingharmfulpiecesthatcangetbreathedin.__4__Forexample,insomeareasfarmerspayforthebatcavestobeminedforfertilizer(肥料).Batsalsokeepourenvironmentfreefromvariousinsects.Couldyouimaginehowmanyofthemwouldbearoundifthereweren'tthousandsofbatsouteverysinglenightconsumingthem?Itcouldquicklybeanightmarethatgetsoutofcontrol.Humansmustfindawaytobeinbalancewithbats.Batsmakeuponefifthoftheworld'smammals.Thatisquitesomething.__5__A．Itisveryimportantforustofindaproperplacetosleep.B．Othersarefondofthecreatureswithsharpteethflyinginthesky.C．Manypeopleareafraidofthemduetowhattheyhaveheardaboutthem.D．Inadequatecleaningcanleadtoserioushealthproblemsforfamilymembers.E．Therearesomepositiveelementsofhumansandbatsthathavebeenrecorded.F．Therefore,childrenareespeciallyaconcernwhenitcomestorabiesfrombats.G．Identifyinglocationswherethesecreaturescanlivepeacefullyispartofthatbalance.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些有关蝙蝠的知识。1．解析：选C根据上文中提到的人们对蝙蝠看法各异可知，后面两句应分别说出两种截然不同的观点，故C项“许多人因为听说的有关蝙蝠的信息而害怕它们”承上启下，符合语境。2．解析：选F空前讲蝙蝠会在人们睡觉时咬人，被咬的人甚至可能感觉不到，F项“因此，当说到来自蝙蝠的狂犬病时，儿童尤其令人担忧”与前文内容构成因果关系，符合语境。3．解析：选D此段是关于清理蝙蝠粪便和蝙蝠粪便的危害。根据空后的“Itcanalsoresultin”可知，前后两句话之间为递进关系，故选D项“清洁不足会给家庭成员带来严重的健康问题”，空后的It指代选项中的“Inadequatecleaning”。4．解析：选E根据段落结构和空后所举例子可知，空处为本段主旨句，此段介绍了有关蝙蝠对人类有利的方面。5．解析：选G此段讲到人类须找到一种方式与蝙蝠和谐、平衡相处，G项中的“thatbalance”与上文的“inbalancewithbats”相呼应，故选G。Ⅲ.语法填空ThePrzewalski'shorse(蒙古野马)isarareandendangeredwildhorse.Only12indi