必修③ UNIT 3 课下主题训练 科技发展与信息技术创新科学精神信息安全

PAGE第5页共5页必修③UNIT3课下主题训练科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·大连高三检测)HeZehui,aChinesenuclearphysicist,accomplishedgreatthingsinphysicsandbecameanoutstandingscientist.Herfamilyisfamousforproducingthreefamouswomenscientists,includinghertwosisters.ShegraduatedfromTsinghuaUniversityin1936withadegreeinphysics,andthenwentontostudyattheTechnicalUniversityofBerlin,whereshewasthetopinherclass,outperformingherfuturehusbandQianSanqiang—China's“fatheroftheatomicbomb”.In1940,sheearnedaPh.D.inEngineering.Thecouplemadegreatdiscoveriesinthefieldofuraniumfission(铀核裂变)，whichdrewglobalattentionandearnedthemworldwidereputations,alsomarkingamilestoneinthedevelopmentofChina'sexperimentalfissionphysics.ManyWesternmediacalledthecouplethe“MarieCurieandPierreCurieofChina.”AsoneofthepioneersinnuclearscienceandtechnologyinChina,ProfessorHecontributedagreatdealtonuclearphysics.Duringthe1950s,shestartedtheresearchanddevelopmentofnuclearemulsions(核乳胶)inChinaandtheirresearchreachedtheadvancedworldlevelatthattime.HeandherresearchgrouptooktheleadinbuildingChina'sfirstnuclearreactorandaccelerator.ShewasawardedthefirstAwardoftheNationalPrizeofNaturalSciencesformakingoutstandingachievementsinsupportingthenationalprogramofnuclearweapondevelopment.Throughouthercareer,Heconqueredmanyobstacles,andwasalwaysonthefrontlinesofChina'sscience­relatedwork.Shepublisheddozensofpapersyetplacedlittlevalueonpersonalfame.Theworld'stopphysicistsrecognizedHeasafamousscientist,“ChineseMadameCurie”．HepassedawayinBeijingin2011attheageof97,nearly20yearsafterQianSanqiang.Shededicatedherselftoscience,livingasimplelife,alwaysnurturingyoungresearchersandmaintainingthehigheststandardsthatshehadalwaysvalued.Shelovedhercountryandscience;tobothsheisnowanicon.语篇解读：本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了“中国的居里夫人”何泽慧及其成就。1．Whatisthefocusofparagraph2aboutHeZehui?A．Identitybackground. B．Characterpersonalities.C．Educationexperiences. D．Professioncompetence.解析：选C段落大意题。根据第二段的内容可知，该段主要介绍何泽慧的教育经历。故选C。2．WhatdoweknowaboutQianSanqiang?A．Hediedfollowinghiswifein1991.B．HewontheNationalPrizeofNaturalSciences.C．HeassistedHeZehuitodevelopfissionphysics.D．HeisalsoaremarkableChinesescientist.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“andthenwentonto...China's‘fatheroftheatomicbomb’”和第三段介绍的夫妻俩的成就可知，其丈夫钱三强也是一位伟大的中国科学家。故选D。3．WhyisHeZehuiacknowledgedas“TheChineseMarieCurie”？A．Forhergreatcontributionstonuclearphysics.B．Forheraccomplishmentintheatomicbomb.C．Forhercontinuousachievementinnaturalscience.D．Forherresearchofnuclearemulsions.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第一段、第三段的最后一句和第四段的第一句可知，因何泽慧对中国的核物理做出了巨大贡献，西方媒体称其为“中国的居里夫人”。故选A。4．HowcanwefittinglydescribeHeZehui?A．Ambitious,talented,conservativeanddetermined.B．Unselfish,patriotic,indifferenttofameanddevotedtoscience.C．Aggressive,imaginative,stronginmindandkindinheart.D．Knowledgeable,awesome,creativeandsociable.解析：选B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Shepublisheddozensof...fame.”和最后一段“Shededicatedherselftoscience...science”可知，何泽慧淡泊名利、爱国、乐于助人，对中国的核物理的研究和发展做出了极大的贡献，是值得我们学习的杰出的核物理学家。故选B。B(2021·青岛高三检测)Fromservicerobotsinvirtualstandsto5Gapplicationsdisplayedincloudbooths(展台),severalinnovationsstoodoutatthe2020ChinaInternationalFairforTradeinServices(CIFTIS),whichwasheldfromSept.4to9inBeijing.Themed“GlobalServices,SharedProsperity”，theeventhaspresentedmanycutting­edgetechnologies.Let'stakealook.Al­poweredgarbage­sortingrobotItcandetectandsortthegarbageontheconveyorbeltandthenthrowitintodifferentdustbins.Forexample,itwillputplasticbottlesandcontainersintorecyclabledustbins.Withadvancedtechnologiessuchascloudcomputingandrobotautomation,therobotcansortthroughgarbagewithanaccuracyof98percent,whichwillsignificantlyreduceoperatingcostsandimproveefficiency.Bionic(仿生的)machinesharkAdarkgray,life­size“shark”，wasalsodisplayedatCIFTIS.Thisbionicsharkcanmoveforwardbyimitatingtheswingingmotionoffishtails.Ithasamaximumspeedofsixknots(about11kilometersperhour),whichismuchfasterthantheaveragespeedofabouttwoknotsofotherbionicsubmersible(潜水的)vehicles.Itisequippedwithlighting,acamerasystemandimagingsonar(声呐)，whichcanbeusedforunderwatersearches,seafloormappingandunderwatershooting.Driverfatigue(疲劳)warningsystemAwarningsystemtopreventpeoplefromfallingasleepwhiledrivingwasintroducedatthefair.Itcanjudgewhetherthedriverissleepybymonitoringhowlongthedriver'seyescloseorifhisorherheaddrops.Ifthedriverentersastateoffatigue,thesystemwillimmediatelysoundanalarmuntilthedriver'seyesreopenandheorshestartstoblinkatanormalfrequency.Inthefuture,otherdangerousdrivingbehaviors,suchasnotwearingaseatbeltandmakingphonecallswhiledriving,mightalsobeaddedintothiswarningsystem.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在北京举行的2020年中国国际服务贸易交易会CIFTIS，活动以“全球服务，互惠共享”为主题，展示了许多尖端技术。5．Whatcanweknowaboutthe2020CIFTIS?A．Itwasheldonline.B．Itlastedformorethanaweek.C．Ithighlightedadvancedtechnologies.D．Itusedservicerobotstoassistpeople.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，这次展览会展示了先进的技术，选项C符合题意。根据第一段第一句还可以判断，这次展览会，并非“在线举行”，持续时间“不到一周”，只是展览的技术中有“服务机器人”，可以排除A、B、D项。故选C项。6．WhatisthemainfeatureoftheAl­poweredgarbage­sortingrobot?A．Highaccuracy.B．Easyoperation.C．Saferecyclingprocess.D．Extremelylowoperatingcosts.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Withadvancedtechnologies...efficiency.”可知，人工智能垃圾分类机器人有高精度的特征。故选A项。7．Howdoesthewarningsystemidentifyfatigueddrivers?A．Byusingabionicmachine.B．Byexaminingthedriverwithimagingsonar.C．Bymonitoringthedriver'sbrainactivity.D．Byanalyzingthedriver'sbodymovements.解析：选D细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，警报系统识别疲劳驾驶的司机是通过分析司机的身体动作。故选D项。Ⅱ.语法填空ThekiteisbelievedtohaveoriginatedinChina.Sinceitsinvention,there__1__(be)manyadaptationstothekiteby__2__(vary)culturesaroundtheworld.AChinesekiteinancienttimeswouldhaveusedsimplematerialssuchaswoodandcloth.Theywereoftenmade__3__(resemble)theshapesofbirds.Today,beautifulandlargedesignscanbeseenflyingaboveparksinChina.TheyoftenresemblerealanimalsandmembersoftheChineseZodiac(生肖).SomekiteshaveLEDlights__4__(attach)toallowfornightflightsandfunlightshows.Kites__5__(invent)intheearlyWarringStatesPeriod(475－221BC)byMoziandLuBan,twophilosophers__6__cameaftertheteachingsofConfucius.ThekiteswerespecifictoChinaformanyyearsbeforetheknowledgeof__7__tomakeandusethemgraduallyadvanced.Theperiodsawmanyattacksfromforeign__8__(power),aswellascivilunrest.Kitesplayedarole__9__providingmilitaryintelligencefortheChineseforces.ThefirstChinesekiteswereusedformeasuringdistances,whichwasusefulinformationformovinglargearmies.Theywerealsousedtocalculateandrecordwindreadingsandprovided__10__uniqueformofcommunicationsimilartoshipflagsatsea.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了风筝的起源和发展背景。1．havebeen考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，Sinceitsinvention是现在完成时的时间状语标志，因此主句使用现在完成时。结合therebe句型的主谓一致原则，助动词根据manyadaptations使用复数形式。故填havebeen。2．various考查形容词。分析句子成分可知，cultures是名词，使用形容词作定语修饰限定cultures。故填various。3．toresemble考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，在“make＋宾语”之后，用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。而在被动结构中，要用带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填toresemble。4．attached考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，LEDlights是名词，且句中存在谓语动词have，因此此处使用非谓语动词形式，LEDlights与attach之间为动宾关系，因此使用过去分词作后置定语。故填attached。5．wereinvented考查动词时态和语态。由WarringStatesPeriod(475－221BC)可知此处应用一般过去时，且kites与invent之间为被动关系，因此使用被动语态形式。故填wereinvented。6．who/that考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是twophilosophers，在从句中作主语，因此使用who或者that引导定语从句。故填who或that。7．how考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“如何去制作和使用”，使用how引导宾语从句，此处为宾语从句的省略用法。故填how。8．powers考查名词复数。分析句子成分可知，foreignpowers是固定搭配，意为“列强”，其中power使用可数名词复数形式。故填powers。9．in考查介词。分析句子成分可知，playarolein是固定搭配，意为“起作用于……”。故填in。10．a考查冠词。分析句子成分可知，句意：它们被用来计算和记录风的读数，并提供了一种独特的通信方式，类似于海上的船旗。设空处泛指“一种”，unique以元音字母开头，但不是以元音音素开头，因此使用不定冠词a。故填a。Ⅲ.应用文写作假定你是李华，由于受新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID­19)的影响，你所在国际学校原定下周举行的生命科学周将改为网上进行。你受学生会委托写一则英文通知，内容包括：1．变更原因；2.具体活动；3.期待参与。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右：2．请按如下格式作答。Notice