考研英语完形填空讲义-天艺老师

考研英语完形填空讲义主讲老师：马天艺本讲义配套马天艺老师完形填空的导学及方法论课程使用，历年真题按年份讲解的课容，请大家认真听课，做好笔记。祝大家备考顺利哦~考研完型三大考点：阅读能力上下段、上下句的 语法知识词意的辨析和使用 考研完型两大特点：1. 已知信息→题干信息未知信息→20个空2. ①.大总分结构：后面每句要和首句一致②.小总分结构：每段首句统领每段考研完型备考思路：背诵历年真题 方法一：逻辑关系题原则判断标准选项中出现 的 注意：. 除外.有 的选项时考虑 关系做题步骤第一步：理解 如果有空先补全）第二步：根据前后句判断之间关系考察内容 ＞ ＞ ＞ ＞ ＞ 对立：转折:but,yet,however,onthecontrary=contrarily=conversely,bycontrast,incontrast,or,unfortunately，whereas,nevertheless；让步:still,although,though,even,eventhough,evenif,evenwhen,despite=inspiteof,muchas,as,while；其它againstinsteadofinsteadratherthanignoring，inreturn；因果：原因:because,becauseof,inthat,as,for,asaresultof,dueto,owingto, inresponseto,considering,accordingto；结 果 : so that=such that ， as a result= as a consequence=so；并列:and,aswellas,then,or,while,likewise,simultaneously,meanwhile,similarly,inturn,perhaps；举例forexample,forinstance,suchasincluding；递进:alsoindeedfurthermore,moreoverhighlightinginparticularparticularlyespecially；条件:if,onlyif,unless,aslongas=solongas,(supposed,supposing,providing,provided),onlywhen；对立关系的重点①. 要做插入语，放于句中时前后要有 隔开。②.判断对立标准：句式结构判断: 注：not必须是 ， 不成立判断举例标准①.先 再 ②.先 再 逻辑关系题变体辑关系连词 eg.前句1后句半句-----__1-----but --.-----------but-----__1 --.直选法前提条件：选项只有 解题策略： 方法二：同义原则（同义原则的使用与 紧密相关）两个 （ ）互为 ，答案往往在其中同义原则之 ：两个 （ ）互为 往在其中两个 （ ）互为 案往往都不选两个 （ ）互为 往都不选完形填空思维导图与层级说明：方法三：通用性解题方法表语原则①.be、look、feel、seem、smell、taste、sound、become、turn、keep、remain②.③.当表语是 时，它和主语是 关系当表语是 时，它和主语是 关系从句解题法 索方法四：一般实词题思路一般动词题.看 结构， 线索.看 结构， 线索.考察动词搭配.根据所修饰的 进行判断.根据修饰自身的 进行判断一般名词题.根据附近 进行判断.根据修饰自身的 进行判断.考察固定搭配200045题（一）Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,asaninsurance_43_theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto_44_oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto_45_thesoil.45.[A]enhance[B]mix[C]feed[D]raise20078题（一）Ontheissueof_8_ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,_9_,therewaslessagreement_10_theleadership.8. [A]freedom [B]origin [C]impact [D]reform200422题（一）Theories_21_ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior_22_theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeeds22.[A]before [B]unless [C]until [D]because20189题（二）Subsequentexperimentsreplicatedthiseffectwithotherstimuli,_9_thesoundoffingernailsonachalkboardandphotographsofdisgustinginsects.9.[A]suchas [B]ratherthan [C]regardlessof [D]owingto20055题（一）_4_themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact,_5_,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,_6_wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.5. [A]anyway [B]though [C]instead [D]therefore20061题（一）population._1_ homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentscan’tpossibly_2_.1. [A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore200914题（一）Everycatwithanowner,_14_,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.[A]bychance [B]incontrast [C]asusual [D]forinstance201015题（一）Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto_14_interpretationofwhathappened._15_,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.[A]Incontrast [B]Forexample [D]Asusual20116题（一）_6_,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe_7_,6.[A]Inturn [B]Infact [C]Inaddition [D]Inbrief201210题（一）TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_ havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.[A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards201211题（一）Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbefreeto_12_thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_13_politicalsupport.[A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though20134题（一）...samplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith._4_,hetheorisedthatajudge_5_ofappearingtoosoft...4.[A]Forexample [B]Onaverage [C]Inprinciple [D]Aboveall201718题（一）Someexperts_17_thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled"thebondinghormone"_18_itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.18.[A]unless[B]because[C]though[D]until201112题（二）_12_,theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden” incyberspace,withsafe“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights”toestablishasenseofa_13_community.[A]Invain[B]Ineffect[C]Inreturn[D]Incontrast201313题（二）...,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcanearninterestonthefundsinthemeantime._13_electronicpaymentsareimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.[A]Unless [B]Until [C]Because [D]Though201518题（二）_18_,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosewithoutcommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,_19_humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.18.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inparticular[D]Inconsequence20176题（二）._6_,today’sunemployeddon’tseemtobehavingagreattime.6. [A]Instead [B]Indeed [C]Thus[D]Nevertheless200231题（一）...radicallychangedtheprocess,_31_itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately_32_.31.[A]unless [B]since [C]lest [D]although200440题（一）Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,_40_adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.40.[A]provided [B]since [C]although [D]supposing20056题（一）weareextremelysensitivetosmells,_6_wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.6. [A]evenif [B]ifonly [C]onlyif [D]asif20125题（二）Thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,_5_anaverageguy,up_6_thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesseenincenturies.5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence200516题（一）Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatthebrainfindsit_14_tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan_15_newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay_16_explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells—wesimplydonotneedtobe.16.[A]still[B]also[C]otherwise[D]nevertheless200131题（一）Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases_31_thetrialofRosemaryWest.31.[A]asto [B]forinstance [C]inparticular [D]suchas200520题（一）Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors_19_forunfamiliarandemergencysignals_20_thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.20.[A]similarto [B]suchas [C]alongwith [D]asidefrom200712,13,14题（一）_12_mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism_13_theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe_14_ofotherfaiths.[A]Since [B]If [C]Unless [D]While[A]as [B]for [C]under [D]against[A]spread [B]interference [C]exclusion [D]influence200718题（一）EarlypromisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch_18_becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies_19_.18.[A]slower [B]faster [C]easier [D]tougher201413题（二）Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers_12_asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta_13_BMI.13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant200713题（一）_12_mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism_13_theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe_14_ofotherfaiths.13.[A]as [B]for [C]under [D]against20126题（二）Thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,_5_anaverageguy,up_6_thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesseenincenturies.6.[A]for [B]into [C]form [D]against20165题（一）_5_aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitschildismarrying_6_agoodfamily.[B]Lest [D]Unless20185题（二）Well,becauseitfeelsgood._5_peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat_6_pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstinctthatpromptshumansto_7_withoneanother.5.[A]Until [B]Unless [D]When199746题（一）_46_inAmericanbusinesstoday,46.[A]approach [B]flow [C]fashion [D]trend20065题（一）onthenumberofAmericanswhoarehomeless.5.[A]generally [B]almost [C]hardly [D]not201012题（二）ButinlateSeptember2009,officialsreportedtherewas_11_fluactivityinalmosteverystateandthatvirtuallyallthe_12_testedarethenewswineflu,alsoknownas(A)H1N1,notseasonalflu.12[A]categories [B]examples [C]patterns [D]samples201013题（二）IntheU.S.,ithas_13_morethanonemillionpeople,andcausedmorethan600deathsandmorethan6,000hospitalizations.13.[A]imparted [B]immerse [C]injected [D]infected20074题（一）careers_4_totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,the_5_toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.4. [A]related [B]close [C]open [D]devoted20076题（一）_6_therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya_7_setoflaws.6. [A]Presumably [B]Incidentally [C]Obviously [D]Generally20106题（二）...，ofteninthe 6 ofanymedicaltreatment.6[A]progress [B]absence [C]presence [D]favor201015题（二）Federalhealthofficials_14_Tamifluforchildrenfromthenationalstockpileandbegan_15_ordersfromthestatesforthenewswinefluvaccine.15[A]placing [B]delivering [C]taking [D]giving20052题（一）_1_thisislargelybecause,_2_animals,westandupright.2. [A]above [B]unlike [C]excluding [D]besides200440题（一）Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,_40_adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.40.[A]provided [B]since [C]although [D]supposing200240题（一）“Benefits”havebeenweighed_40_“harmful”outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.40.[A]above [B]upon [C]against [D]with199646题（一）Theyaredifferent_46_theirelementsarearrangeddifferently,andeachvitamin_47_oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.46.[A]inthat [B]sothat [C]suchthat [D]exceptthat200712,13,14题（一）_12_mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism_13_theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe_14_ofotherfaiths.[A]Since [B]If [C]Unless [D]While[A]as [B]for [C]under [D]against[A]spread [B]interference [C]exclusion [D]influence201113题（一）Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry_13_theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because20137题（一）_4_,hetheorisedthatajudge_5_ofappearingtoosoft_6_crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison_7_hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoforcedcommunityserviceonthatday.7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless20143题（一）Asthebrain_2_,werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments."_3_seeminglyinnocent,...3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While201010题（二）IntheUnitedStates,newcasesseemedtofade_10_warmerweatherarrived.10[A]as [B]if [C]unless [D]until201519题（二）_18_,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosewithoutcommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,_19_humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.19.[A]unless[B]since[C]if[D]whereas200229题（一）Itisgenerallyrecognized,_29_,thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,_30_bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,29.[A]indeed [B]hence [C]however [D]therefore200324题（一）_24_theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,...24.[A]If [B]Although [C]Whereas [D]Because200434题（一）Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;_34_,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome_35_wascommoninthetraditionalfamily_36_.34.[A]contrarily [B]consequently [C]similarly [D]simultaneously200516题（一）Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatthebrainfindsit_14_tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan_15_newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay_16_explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmells—wesimplydonotneedtobe.16.[A]still[B]also[C]otherwise[D]nevertheless200618题（一）_18_EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts,_19_it,“Therehastobe_20_ofprograms.What’sneededisapackagedeal.18.[A]So [B]Since As [D]Thus200712题（一）_12_mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism_13_theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe_14_ofotherfaiths.12.[A]Since [B]If [C]Unless [D]While199742题（一）_42_industrialgiantslikeGeneralMotorsandIBMstruggletosurvive_43_reducingthenumberofemployees,Manpower,basedinMilwaukee,Wisconsin,isbooming.42.[A]For [B]Because As [D]Since20085题（一）Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis_1_tosayitanyway.Heisthat_2_bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently_3_anyinstitution...._5_he,however,mighttrembleatthe_6_ofwhatheisabouttodo.5. [A]Only [B]So [C]Even [D]Hence201711题（一）theresearchers_9_thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging_10_about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect._11_amongthosewhogotacold.....11.[A]Thus [B]Still [C]Rather [D]Even20143题（二）Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen._3_amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan_4_ofgoodhealth.3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore201417题（二）_17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only20162题（二）._2_,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D(researchanddevelopment).2.[A]Inreturn[B]Inparticular[C]Incontrast[D]Inconclusion20176题（二）._6_,today’sunemployeddon’tseemtobehavingagreattime.6. [A]Instead [B]Indeed [C]Thus[D]Nevertheless20094题（一）Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly_2_toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat_3_bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisa(an)_4_innotbeingtoobright.2. [A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened3. [A]thinner[B]stabler[C]li