高考英语关于阅读理解中的猜词悟义题

PAGE专题复习：关于阅读理解中的猜词悟义题近几年的高考阅读理解题越来越重视对考生猜词悟义能力的考查，猜测词悟义的能力，即掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，对排除阅读中生词的干扰、降低生词率、提高阅读速度和理解能力是必不可少的，这是考生英语阅读理解能力的一个重要组成部分。这种不用词典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力是每一个考生所必须具备的能力。这类题主要考查考生对文中的重点词句的理解，要求考生对文章中的个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或推测其义。常用的问题形式：1.Heunderlinedword（phrase）inthepassagemeans________________．2.Theword"it（them）"inthefirstparagraphrefersto_____________．3.Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans_____________．4.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？5.Whatdoes（do）theunderlinedword（words）referto？6.Accordingtothepassage,“…”probablymeans______________.7.Theauthorusestheword“…”tomean__________.8.Theunderlinedword/phrase/team“…”means______________.9.Theword“…”inparagraph…refersto__________.10.Whatdoes“…”inthesecondparagraphstandsfor?11.Thesentence“…”means_______________.例如:Appletreesmaygrowastallas12metresandtheygrowbestinareasthathavecoldwinters.Althoughnofruitisyieldedduringthewinter,thiscoldperiodisgoodforthetree.Theunderlinedword“yielded”mostprobablymeans__________.A.soldB.boughtC.improvedD.producedAnothersourceofknowledgeisthevaststoreoftraditionalpracticeshandeddownformfathertoson,ormothertodaughter,ofoldcountrycustoms,offolklore.Allthisisverydifficultforacollegestudenttoexamine,formuchknowledgeandpersonalexperienceisneededheretoseparategoodplantsformwildgrass.Thecollegestudentshouldlearntorealizeandrememberhowmuchofrealvaluesciencehasfoundinthiswide,confusedwildernessandhowoftenscientificdiscoveriesofwhathadexistedinthisarealongago.Inthisparagraphthephrase“thiswide,confusedwilderness”refersto_________.A.personalexperienceB.wildweedsamonggoodplantsC.theinformationfromtheparentsD.thevaststoreoftraditionalpractices猜词悟义方法：一、针对性解释针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。1、根据定义猜测词义定义解释形式多样，常由be,mean,dealwith,beconsidered,tobe,referto,becalled,beknownas,define,represent,or,thatistosay,inotherwords,becalled等词汇或破折号来表示。例如：(1)Anthropologyisthescientificstudyofman.(2)Inslangtheterm“jam”constitutesastateofbeinginwhichapersonfindshimselforherselfinadifficultsituation.(3)Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.(4)Apersonwhoskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.2、根据复述猜测词义(1)Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.(2)Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.(3)Thenewbuilding,afive-storyedifice,wascompletedlastmonth.(4).Capacitance,ortheabilitytostoreelectricchange,isoneofthemostcommoncharacteristicsofelectroniccircuits.)(5)SomeorganizationsofUnitedNationsprefertotakeonPolyglotsastheirworkersthosewhocanunderstandaswellasspeakmanylanguages.(6)KrabacbersuffersfromSAD,whichisshortforseasonalaffectivedisorder,asyndromecharacterizedbysevereseasonalmoodswings.3、根据举例猜测词义(1)Theconsequencesofepochaleventssuchaswarsandgreatscientificdiscoveriesarenotconfinedtoasmallgeographicalareaastheywereinthepast.(2)Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.二、内在逻辑关系1、根据对比关系猜测义表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是while,not,but,however,yet,otherwise,though,despite,inspiteof,incontrast和while引导的并列句等。在这些表示转折意义的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系。根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义的。如：(1)AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.(2)Agoodsupervisorcanrecognizeinstantlytheadeptworkersfromtheunskilledones.(3)ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.(4)Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings;hiswife,however,isverythrifty.2、根据比较关系猜测词义同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系，例：A、成功的B、徒劳的C、有效的D、仓促的6.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.A、心不在焉的B、紧张的C、全神贯注的D、睡意浓的7.Oneofsymptomscausedbythepeculiarillnessisahighfever.A、症状B、疾病C、恐惧D、威胁8.Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.A、流泪B、乞讨C、呻吟D、颤抖9.Thehottropicalweathercreatedafeelingoflassitudeandencouragedlaziness.A、兴奋B、厌恶C、清醒D、疲倦10.Toquiteagreatmanypeople,moneyisanirresistibletemptation.A、不可抗拒的B、可抗拒的C、接受的D、不可接受的11.Thisfishingvillageof1480peopleisableakandlonelyplace,eveninacountrylocatedatthetopoftheworld.A、偏远的B、平静的C、海边的D、荒凉的12.Ifandwhenthesenewmeasuresarerolledout.Theywillbewelcomed.A、试验B、推行C、滚出D、起草13.Boysthinkofschoolaspurgatoryonthewaytoafutureoffindingrichesatsea;forgirls,it’stheirticketoutofschool.A、受罪B、关键C、阻碍D、帮助14.Educationssaytheywatchmanybrightgirlssuddenlyrecoilinthefaceofhead-to-headcompetitionwithboys.A、盘旋B、退缩C、胜出D、反弹15.Thevocabularyofdressthatlearnincludesnotonlyitemsofclothingbutalsohairstyles.Jewelry,andotherbodydecoration.A、形状B、状况C、装饰D、奖章短文阅读理解：(A)…Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifters,whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shoplifter”mean?A.商店里的小偷B.商店里的推销员C商店里的老顾客D商店里的搬运工（B）Hewasoneof80middleschoolstudentsfromChinaattendingamonthlong“YouthSummit”.Thesummitwastomarkthe25thanniversaryofPresidentNixon’sjourneytoChina,whichwastheturningpointinChinaU.S.relation.TheYouthSummitwasaimedatincreasingunderstandingandfriendshipbetweenyoungstudentsofthetwocountriesthroughvisitsanddiscussions.Thewords“YouthSummit”referto__________.A.visittotheNixonLibraryB.theChinesestudentsvisittotheU.SC.ameetingdiscussingrelationsbetweenChinaandU.S.D.activitiestostrengthenthetiesbetweentheChineseandAmericanstudents.(C)Youshouldseewordsaspartofawholesentenceorparagraph,notjustinisolation.Theunderlinedphraseprobablymeans______________..A.inawordB.separatelyC.onewordD.slowly(D)ThelargestplayerShanghaiBashiTheword“deluxesedans”,“minivans”and“stationwagons”usedinthetextreferto___________.A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers(E)TheGreatFireofLondonstartedintheveryearlyhoursof2September1666.Infourdaysitdestroyedmorethanthreequartersoftheoldcity,wheremostofthehouseswerewoodenandclosetogether.Onehundredthousandpeoplebecamehomeless,butonlyafewlosttheirlives.ThefirestartedonSundaymorninginthehouseoftheKing’sbaker(面包师)inPuddingLane.Thebaker,withhiswifeandfamily,wasabletogetoutthroughawindowintheroof.Astrongwindblewthefirefromthebakery(面包房)intoasmallhotelnextdoor.ThenitspreadquicklyintoThamesStreet.Thatwasthebeginning.Theunderlinedword“family”inthesecondparagraphmeans________.A.homeB.childrenC.wifeandhusbandD.wifeandchildren2005年高考英语全国卷I（B）Montreal(Reuters)CrossingtheUS-CanadabordertogotochurchonaSundaycostaUScitizen$10,000forbreakingWashington’sstrictnewsecurity(安全)rules.TheexpensivetriptochurchwasasurpriseforRichardAlbert,wholivesrightontheCanadianborder.Liketheotherhalf-dozenpeopleofTownship15,crossingtheborderisadailyoccurrenceforAlbert.ThenearbyQuebecvillageofTherearemanysuchsituationsintheseareasalongthelargelyunguarded5,530-mileborderbetweenCanadaandtheUS—whichinsomecasesactuallyrunsdownthemiddleofstreetsorthroughbuildings.Asaresult,AlbertsayshedidnotexpectanyproblemsthreeweeksagowhenhereturnedhometotheUSafterattendingchurchinCanada,asusual.TheUScustomsstationinthisareaisclosedonSundays,sohejustdrovearoundthelockedgate,ashehaddoneeveryweekendsincethegateappearedlastMay,followingatighteningofbordersecurity.Twodayslater,Albertwastoldtogotothecustomsoffice,whereanofficertoldhimhehadbeencaughtoncameracrossingtheborderillegally.Ottawahasgivenoutspecialpassestosome300UScitizensinthatareasotheycanenterthecountrywhenCanadiancustomsstationsareclosed,buttheUSstoppedasimilarprogramlastMay.Thatforcesthepeopletoa200-miledetouralonghillyroadstogethomethroughanotherbordercheckpoint.Alberthasrequestedthatthecustomsofficechangetheirdecisionsonthefine,buthehasnotattendedaSundaychurchsince,.“IfeellikeI’mlivinginaprison,”hesaid.61.Theunderlinedword“detour”inparagraph5means_______________.A.adrivethroughthetownB.araceacrossthefieldsC.aroundaboutwayoftravelingD.ajourneyinthemountainarea2005年高考英语全国卷I（D）Asanyhomemakerwhohastriedtokeeporderatthedinnertableknows,thereisfarmoretoafamilymealthanfood.SociologistMichaelLewishasbeenstudying50familiestofindoutjusthowmuchmore.Lewisandhisco-workerscarriedouttheirstudybyvideotaping（录像）thefamilieswhiletheyateordinarymealsintheirownhomes.Theyfondthatparentswithsmallfamiliestalkactivelywitheachotherandtheirchildren.Butasthenumberofchildrengetslarger,conversationgiveswaytotheparents’effortstocontroltheloudnoisetheymake.Thatcanhaveanimportanteffectonthechildren.“Ingeneralthemorequestion-askingtheparentsdo,thehigherthechildren’sIQscores,”Lewissays,“Andthemorechildrenthereare,thelessquestion-askingthereis.”Thestudyalsoprovidesanexplanationforwhymiddlechildrenoftenseemtohaveahardertimeinlifethantheirsiblings(兄弟姐妹).Lewisfoundthatinfamilieswiththreeorfourchildren,dinnerconversationislikelytocenterontheoldestchild.Whohasthemosttotalkabout,.Andtheyoungest,whoneedsthemostattention.“Middlechildrenareinvisible,”saysLewis.“Whenyouseesomeonegetupfromthetableandwalkaroundduringdinner,chancesareit’sthemiddlechild,”Thereis,however,onethingthatstopsallconversationandpreventsanyonefromhavingattention:“WhentheTVison,”Lewissays,“dinnerisanon-event.”68.Bysaying“Middlechildrenareinvisible,”inparagraph3,Lewismeansthatmiddlechildren_________________.A.havetohelptheirparentstoservedinnerB.gettheleastattentionfromthefamilyC.areoftenkeptawayfromthedinnertableD.findithardtokeepupwithotherchildren2005年高考英语全国卷II（B）Theydaysofelderlywomendoingnothingbutcookinghugemealsonholidaysaregone.EntertheRedHatSociety-agroupholdingthebeliefthatoldladiesshouldhavefun.“Mygrandmothersdidn’tdoanythingbutkeephouseandserveeverybody.Theywereprogrammedtodothat.”saidEmilyComette,headofachapterofthe7-year-oldRedHatsociety.Whilemenhavelongspenttheirtimefishingandplayinggolf,womenhavesometimesseemedtobecameunnoticedastheyage.Butthepenetrationnowturning50isthebabyboomers(生育高峰期出生的人),andthesamepeoplewhorefusedtheirparents’wayofbeingyoungarenowtryinganewwayofgrowingold.Ifyoutakeintoconsiderationfeminism(女权主义),abitofsparemoney,andbetterhealthformostelderly,theRedHatSocietylooksalmostinevitable(必然的).Inthissociety,womenover50wearredhatsandpurpleclothes,whilethewomenunder50wearpinkhatsandlightpurpleclothing.“TheorganizationtooktheideafromapoembyJennyJosephthatbegins;‘WhenIamanoldwoman,Ishallwearpurple.Witharedhatwhichdoesn’tgo,’”saidEllenCooper,whofoundedtheRedHatSocietyin1998.Whentheladiesstartedtoweartheredhats,theyattractedlotsofattention.“Thepointofthisisthatweneedarestfromalwaysdoingsomethingforsomeoneelse,”Coopersaid.“Womenfeelsoashamedandsorrywhentheydosomethingforthemselves.”Thisiswhychaptersarediscouragedfromraisingmoneyordoinganythinguseful.“We’realadies’playgroup.Itcouldn’tbemoresimple,”addedCooper’sassistantJoeHeywood.44.Theunderlinedword“chapter”inparagraph2means_________.A.onebranchofanorganizationB.awrittenagreementofaclubC.onepartofacollectionofpoemsD.aperiodinasociety’shistory2005年高考英语湖南卷（B）CollectionsweretheinspirationforaprojectatThomasTallisSchool,whichformedpartoftheImagineChildren’sLiteratureFestivallastautumn.Eachchild(aged12-1ThesubjectchosenbyLaurenwasanimaginativeone.“It’sasortofCinderellastory,”shetoldme,inspiredbyacollectionoflettersfromhercousin.Inthestorythesebecomeloveletters,burnedbyacruelstepmother.Lauren’sbestfriendCharlotteisthestepmother.“I’minCharlotte’sstorytoo,”saysLauren,“andIgetrunover.”Charlotte’stalewasinspiredbythegirls’coincollection.“We’vecollectedforeigncoinsforyearssinceourfamilieswentonholidaytoTenerife,”sheexplains.“ThatwasbeforetheEuro,soweputpesetasin.”Laurencontinues:“Ifindacoinintheroad,gotogetitandgetrunover.I’minhospitalandthenIdie.”Charlotteadds:“Orshemightnotdie.Ihaven’tdecidedyet.”MillieMurray,whoisateen-novelauthor,thinksthatsettingthesubjectofcollectionswasausefulinspirationtotheircreativityratherthanarestriction.“InthebeginningIthough,‘Willthechildrenbeabletodoit?’”shesays,“Butit’sbeenfruitful.Somehavetheirowncollection,somehaveparentswhodo,andsomehavewrittencompletestories.It’smadethemthinkaboutsomethingtheywouldn’thaveotherwise,whichcanonlybeagoodthing.”60.Theunderlinedword“pesetas”inParagraph2isakindof________.A.storyB.collectionC.inspirationD.foreigncoin2005年高考英语重庆卷（D）Everyoneshouldvisitalighthouseatleastonce.Themostimportantreasonforsuchavisitistorealizehowourancestorsbattlednaturewiththebasictoolstheyhad.Theyhadonlybasicwaysofcreatinglight,andyettheyfoundawayofusingthissimpletechnologyinisolated(孤零零的)placestosaveshipsfromhittingrocks.Secondly,visitinglighthouseswillhelpustounderstandthelivesoflighthousekeepers.Bytheir\verynature,lighthouseswerebuiltonsomerocksorcliffs.Thus,thelighthousekeepersoftenlivedlonelylives.Towalkaroundtheirsmallhomeandimaginetheangrystormoutsidebeatingagainstthewalls,istotakeasteptowardsunderstandingthelivestheyhad.Thereasonsforavisittoalighthousearenotallsobackward-lookingintime.Itistruethatlighthouseswerebuiltinout-of-the-wayplaces.Butonapleasantsunnysummerday,thisveryisolationhasanaturalbeautythatmanypeoplewilllovetoexperience.Therefore,withthegentlewavestouchingallroundthelighthouse,thevisitorislikelytothinkitisaworldpreferabletothebusyandnoisymodernlife.Anotherreasonforconsideringavisitisthatthelighthousesthemselvescanbeveryattractivebuildings.Mankindcouldoftennotbecontentjusttoputupabasicstructure,butfelttheneed,eveninsuchanisolatedplace,tobuildwithanartistictouch.Theresultisaviewfortiredeyestoenjoy.Finally,lighthouseshavearomanticattraction,summedupbytheimageoftheoil-skincoaledkeeperclimbinghiswindingstairstotakecareofthelighttowarnshipsandsavelives.68.Theunderlinedphrase“out-of-the-way”inparagraph4means__________.A.far-awayB.dangerousC.ancientD.secret2005年高考英语浙江卷（B）SpecialBridgesHelpAnimalsCrosstheRoadReportedbySheilaCarrickWhydidthechickencrosstheroads?Togettotheotherside.Mostpeopleknowthisjoke.Butrecently,somepeoplehavebeenmuchmoreworriedabouthowthegrizzlyhearandmountainlioncancrosstheroad.“MillionsofanimalsdieeachyearonU.S.roads,”theFederalHighwayAdministrationreports.Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.“Ecopassages”mayhelpanimalscrosstheroadwithoutbeinghitbycars.Theyarepathsbothoverandunderroads.“Theseecopassgescanbeextremelyuseful,sothatwildlifecanavoidroadaccidents,”saidJodiHiltyoftheWildlifeConservationSociety.Butdoanimalsactuallyusetheecopassages?Theanswerisyes.PaulBeierofNorthernArizonaThenexttimeyouvisitaparkordrivethroughanareawithalotofwildlife,lookaround.Youmightseeananimaloverpass!47.Whenthewritersaysthatanimalsseem“tobecatchingon”,hemeans________.A.a