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北京市2021-2022学年各区高三英语一模试题阅

读表达专项汇编

专题05阅读表达

北京市东城区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习(一)

It'saftermidnightandyou*vebeenstudyingallday.Emptyenergydrinkslinethe

tableandyousigh,"Tomorrow,Fmgettingicecream.Ideservetotreatmyself.^^

Thisyear,theso-called"treatyourselfculture^^hasexpandedfarbeyondwhat

wasonceareward-basedmindset.Now,"treatingyourself*hasbecomemoreabout

stress-causedindulgence(放纵).Itrepresentsthemoredeep-seatedissueswiththe

stressweregularlyputourselvesunder.

Therootoftheproblemliesinourbeliefthatweshouldbedoingmoreworkifit

isn'thardenough.Especiallyatatopuniversity,Iconstantlyfindmyselfwantingto

domore.Iwantmorecredits,ahigher-gradepointaverage,andmoreresponsibilities

Fillateruseasconversationtopicsininterviews.Thisdriveisbynomeansabad

thing.Weallaretryingtoeventuallylandinaplacewherewecanrelaxandlivea

moreenjoyablelife.However,therearealotofproblemswiththislogic.Without

soundingcompletelyhopelessandpessimistic,itispossiblethatthefuturewe

imagineinourtwentieswillnotbecomereality.Therefore,itisimportanttointegrate

thingsthatmakeushappywithwork,schoolorlife-inducedstress.

Psychologycertainlysupportsthisbelief.Whilehavinggoodself-controlwas

positivelyassociatedwithhappiness,beingabletoenjoylife'slittlepleasureswithout

feelingashamedofdoingsoisjustasimportant.Forexample,evenifyouhaveabusy

scheduleofwork,maketimetostopbyyourfavoritecoffeeshoporspendten

minutestogoonawalkoutdoors.

Icannoturgeyoutogiveupyourlatenightsofstudying,energydrinksandall.I

cannottellyoutoalwayschoosetodosomethingthatmakesyouhappyover

somethingyouhaveorshoulddo.Frankly,thisisjustnotthewaylifeworks.Wehave

toputupwiththehardworkandputinthetime.Withoutpain,we'dalsolose

happinessandjoy.It'sallaboutbalance.

So,insteadoflookingateverythingasawaytohandlethestressandsomething

to“treatmyself9,let*strytomaketreatingourselvesafarmorecommonpracticein

thebusyliveswelead.

40.Whatcausestheso-called"treatyourselfculture”?

41.Whatdoes"thislogic"inParagraph3referto?

42.Decidewhichpartofthefollowingstatementiswrong.Underlineitandexplain

whyworkinghardplaysamoreimportantroleinahappylifethanenjoyinglife'slittle

pleasures.

43.Areyouafollowerof"treatyourselfculture"?Whyorwhynot?(Inabout40

words)

北京市西城区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习(一)

WhatmakessomepeopleincapableofapologizingevenwhentheyYeclearlyin

thewrong?

Peoplewhocannotapologizeoftenhavedeepfeelingsoflowself-worth.When

theirdelicateego(白我)cannotabsorbtheblowofadmittingtheywerewrong,

theirdefensemechanismskickin—theymayplaceblameandevenargueaboutbasic

factstopreventthethreatofhavingtolowerthemselvesbyofferinganapology.

Unfortunately,manyofusmistakenlyinterpretthesepeople'sdefensivenessasa

signofpsychologicalstrength.That'sbecauseoutwardlytheyappeartobetough

individualswhorefusetobackdown.Butthisdoesn*tshowthatthey'restrong-it

showsthatthey'reweak.

Admittingthatwe'rewrongisemotionallyuncomfortableandpainfultoour

senseofself.Inordertotakeresponsibilityandapologize,ourself-worthneedstobe

strongenoughtoabsorbthatdiscomfort.Indeed,ifourself-worthishigherandmore

stable,wecantoleratethetemporarydiscomfortthatsuchanadmission

involves-withoutthewallsaroundouregofallingdown.

Butifourself-worthisseeminglyhighbutactuallybreakable,thatdiscomfort

cangothroughourdefensivewallsandscoreadirecthittoourego.Indeed,themore

fixedone'sdefensemechanismsare,themoredelicatetheegothey'reprotecting.

Themistakeweoftenmakewhenfacedwithsomeonewho'shabituallyincapable

ofapologizingistobecomeangryandtrytowinourargumentwiththem.Butthesad

realityisthatwecanneverwin.Inthesesituations,thebestwecandoismakeour

pointsascalmlyandasconvincinglyaswecanandthendisengagefromtheargument

whenitbecomesunproductive-likewhentheydisagreewiththefacts,comeupwith

sillyexcusesorturntomeanremarks:

4O.Whycan*tsomepeopleapologize?

41.Whatdomanypeoplemistakenlythinkofanon-apologizer'sdefensiveness?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitand

explainwhy.

♦Whenyouaretryingtowinanargumentwithanon-apologizer,thebest

wayistoexpressyourangerandmakeyourpointascalmlyandconvincingly

aspossible.

43.Inadditiontowhatismentionedinthepassage,whatelsecanyoudoifyour

friendrefusestoapologizetoyou?(Inabout40words)

北京市海淀区2021.2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习(一)

Youmightnothaveheardofthe"freshstarteffect",butifyou'veevermadea

NewYear*sresolution,you'refamiliarwithit.Itreferstothehumantendencytotake

actiontowardsachievingagoalafteraspecialoccasionorkeydatehaspassed.

Thefreshstarteffectissimple.Mostpeoplewanttoimprovethemselvesinsome

way.Whenwehitimportantmilestones,we'reoftenlikelytoreflect:arewewhere

wethoughtwe*dbebyacertainage?Wasthisyearasuccessfulyear,ordidwewaste

it?Annuallandmarkslikebirthdays,orthestartofanewyear,signifyanewtime

periodandanopportunitytoleaveslip-upsbehindandtosetnewgoalsforbetter

behavior.

Researchshowsthatanticipationofanewbeginningisakeymotivatorforthe

freshstarteffect.Forexample,peopleaged29,39,49etc.were48%morelikelyto

runamarathonfbrthefirsttime.Whentheywereapproachinganewdecade,they

weremorelikelytosearchfbrmeaningintheirlivesandtrytoimprovethemselves.

Thereasonissimple.Whenweseeourpastselfasseparatefromourcurrentself,we

feeliteasiertointroducenewgoalsandtakeaction.

What'sinterestingaboutthefreshstarteffectisthatwedon'tneedtowaitforbig

milestonestotakeadvantageofthissuddendoseofmotivation.Studiesshowthatthe

firstdayofeachmonthandeveneachweekcanalsoinspireus.Thesedays,knownas

"temporallandmarks",encourageustostepbackandevaluateourcurrentsituation.

Andwhenwedothis,wegainthemotivationtobebetter:webecomemoredriven

andmoreproductive.Thatiswhypeoplearemorelikelytostartdietsorexercise

plansonMonday,ratherthanthenextday.

Freshstartsareexcitingopportunitiestolearnfromyourmistakesandmove

forward.Soifyou'recurrentlyexperiencinglossofmotivation,questioningthe

meaningofyourwork,orjustfeellikeyou'restuckinarut,whydon'tyouusethe

freshstarteffectinyourownlife?

40.Accordingtothepassage,whatis"freshstarteffect"?

41.Whyisitthat"anticipationofanewbeginningisakeymotivatorfbrthefresh

starteffect11?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitand

explainwhy.

Afreshstartlikethefirstdayofeachweekisatimewhenweforgetabout

ourmistakesandmoveforward.

43.Besidesthefreshstarteffect,inwhatotherwaysdoyoumotivateyourselfin

yourlife?(Inabout40words)

北京市朝阳区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习(一)

Manyparentsarewatchfulabouttheirkids9useofelectronicdevicesandsetstrict

limitsforthemtoprotecttheirchildrenfromthepotentiallyharmfuleffectsoftoo

muchscreentime.Butparentsmaybeoverlookinganotherdevice-relateddanger一

secondhandscreentime.It'smeanttomirrorthedangerinregardtosecondhand

smoking.Whenparentsaredistractedbyanelectronicdeviceandonlygivepartial

attentiontotheirchildren,thekidsareactuallysufferingfromitsinfluence.

Secondhandscreentimecanbringnegativeconsequences.Kids,whoseparents

spendtoomuchtimewiththeirdevices,aremorelikelytodevelopaddictive

behaviourswithdevicesastheygrow.Excessive(过度的)deviceusealsosendsthe

messagethatthedeviceandactivitiesonitaremoreimportantthanthechildren.This

canleadtoabreakdownintheparent-childrelationship.Whenparentsareabsorbed

intheirdevices,theymaynotrealizetheirchildrenareexposedtoviolentormature

contentorfast-movingimagesthatareoverlystimulatingforyoungbrains.

Secondhandscreentimeisanissueparentsneedtobeawareofregardlessoftheir

children'sage.Parentscantakethefollowingtipstoreduceitsimpact.

Focusonqualitytime

Achild'scognitive,communication,socialandemotionaldevelopmenthappens

viatheirrelationshipswiththeircareproviders.Themoretimeparentsspendlooking

atelectronics,thelesstimetheycandevotetogivingthekidstheirfullattention.This

doesn'tmeanparentsshouldneverusedeviceswhentheyaretogetherwiththeir

children.Parentsneedtobeawareofhowoftentheyarefullyengagedwiththeir

childrenwithoutdevicesandmakesuretheyofferqualityinteractionandattention.

Setanexample

Parentsoftentellkidsit'simportanttocontroldeviceuse,butiftheirexperience

withparentsfromearlyageiswatchingparentsusedevicesfrequently,childrenare

muchmorelikelytofollowthatmodel.Bysettingagoodexample,parentsare

sendingtotheirkidsthemessage“doasIdo”,whichismoreeffectivethan“doasI

say".

40.Whatissecondhandscreentimeaccordingtothepassage?

41.Whatproblemsdoessecondhandscreentimebringtochildren?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitand

explainwhy.

Excessivedeviceusegetsinthewayofmaintainingagoodparent-child

relationship,soparentsshouldneverusedevicesinthepresenceoftheir

children.

43.Apartfromthetipsmentionedinthepassage,whatotherwayscanyouthinkofto

reducesecondhandscreentime?{Inabout40words)

北京市丰台区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习(一)

Everyyearmoreofustryandreduceourimpactontheplanet.Arefillshop,or

zerowasteshop,givesyouachoicetogogreen.

Refillshopstendtobesmall,independentstoresthatsellnon-packagedgoods.

Mostofthetimetheywillbedryoneslikericeandnutsproduceddirectlyinthelocal

sites,whichmeanslesscarbonfootprintfromfarmtoplate.Theycanalsobemany

othersustainable(可持续的)products,likerefillcleaningproductsandsoaps.

Shoppersonlyneedtobringcontainerstheyalreadyownandrefillthemfromlarger

containersinthestore.

Refillandzero-wasteshopsareusuallylocatedincommunities.Buyingfrom

withinwalkingdistance,clearly,ismoresustainableandkindertotheplanet,andyour

community.Ifyou*rewalkingdownthestreettoyourlocalrefillshop,thenyou're

doinggreatbutifyou'redrivinghoursawaytofindyourclosestshop,thenthe

transportmaycanceloutanybenefitsofwhatyoubuy.Remember,it'sthewhole

processnotjusttheendproduct.

Perhapsthemostsignificantaspectofshoppingatlocalrefillshopsisthatthey

encourageustothinkaboutourconsumerhabits.Theymakeuspauseandthinkabout

howwecanmakepositivechangesfortheenvironment.

Ifyoucanshoplocalandfromindependentrefillshops,thenyoushould.It

doesn'thavetobeallthetimebutminimizingwasteandchoosingrefillswhereyou

canwillmakeapositivedifference.

40.Whatarerefillshops?

41.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemostimportantvalueofrefillshopping?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitand

explainwhy.

Refillshopsarebuiltincommunitieswithinwalkingdistancebecausedriving

totheseshopscancostmoney.

43.Inreality,refillshopshavenotwonmuchpopularityyet.Whatdoyouthinkmight

bethepossiblereason(s)?(Inabout40words)

北京市石景山区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习(一)

RevengeSleepProcrastination

AccordingtothesleepexpertDorothyChambers,"revengesleep

procrastination"referstoaphenomenoninwhichwedelaygoingtosleeptodoother

unimportantthingsthatwehaven'thadtimetodointheday,andreflectsaverypoor

workandlifebalance.

Theresearcherssurveyed2,012adultsandfoundthatoverthreequartersadmit

doingaformofrevengesleepprocrastination,usingtheirphonesrightupuntilfalling

asleep.Thentheresearchersselectedsomesocialmediaappstotesthowseriously

theyaffectsleepquality.Eachparticipantwasaskedtowearasmartwatchtorecord

howlongittooktofallasleep,andprovidefeedbackonhowtiredtheyfeltthenext

morning.Theresultrevealedthattheaveragetimetakentofallasleepwasover45

minutesandanincreasingtirednesswasreportedbyoverhalfoftheparticipants.It

showedthatrevengesleepprocrastinationimpactedsleepqualityalot,whichcanlead

toadverseimplicationsonphysicalandmentalhealth.

Sowhydoesithappen?Accordingtotheresearchers,it'slargelydowntothehe

lightemittedfromphonescreens.Itstimulatesthebrainandreducesnatural

melatonin(褪黑素)production,increasingtiredness,andinturnincreasingthe

amountoftimespentfallingasleep.

Theresearcherspointedthatsocialmediaappsencouragethereleaseof

"pleasurechemicals”,givingusenergyanda“happy“feeling.Thiscouldbewhy

manyofuschoosethemasourmeansofrevengesleepprocrastination,eventhough

weknowtheydohavenegativeeffectsonourhealth.

Tosolvethisproblem,Dorothyrecommendedthatweshouldn'tuseany

electronicsforatleasttwohoursbeforesleepingtoavoidsleepdeprivation.Instead,

weshouldtryreadingabookortakingdeepbreaths.

40.Whatisrevengesleepprocrastination?

41.Whatistheeffectofrevengesleepprocrastination?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitand

explainwhy.

Forsomeprocrastinatorsftheirsleeptroubleresultsfromthebluelight,pleasure

chemicalsandtheirunawarenessofthebadeffectsofusingsocialmediaapps

beforebed.

43.Ifyoupreferredusingsocialmediaappsbeforebed,whatwouldyoudotofight

suchatypeofsleeprevengeprocrastinationbesidesthepracticementionedinthe

passage?

(Inabout40words)

北京市顺义区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习(一)

Somepeopleseecolourswhentheyheardifferentsounds.Othersseecolours

whentheyseewordsandnumbersprintedinblackandwhite.Theseinteresting

peoplearecalledsynaesthetes,andwhattheyexperienceiscalledsynaesthesia.

AstudyattheUniversityofSussexisfindingouthowlearningtoseesoundsas

coloursorthinkoflettersincolourcouldimproveyourIQandmemory.Oneofthe

studyleaders,DrBorsaysthatcaiTyingoutthesetestshasgiventhemtheopportunity

tofindoutmoreabouthowpeopleusedifferentkindsofmemory.

DrBorbasedhislatestresearcharoundsomethingscientistsalreadyknowalot

about一”chunking".Heexplainsthatthisisawayofbreakinglargepiecesof

informationintosmallerunits,tomakeiteasiertoremember."WhenIgiveyoumy

phonenumber,01274737215,youprobablyrememberitas01274737215,or

somethingsimilar.Ifyoucanremember012andthefirst74,youcanrememberthe

rest.Youcangetsomeamazingbenefitsfromchunking!n

Thisisreallyimportantforunderstandingsynaesthesia.DrBorsaysthat

synaesthesiaaddsextrainformationtothingsthataredifficulttoremember,suchas

lettersandnumbers,orextracolours.Thishelpsusrememberthingsbetter.AndDr

Bor'sownstudyofoneamazingperson,whohasbothsynaesthesiaandaverystrong

memoryadvantage,supportsthisideaaswell.

Thestudybeganasawaytotestwhethersynaesthesiaisconnectedtogreater

abilitiestodocertainthingsandaimedtocreateawayoflearningsynaesthesiato

developbenefitsforeveryone.Aftertraining,peoplewereabletopassthenormal

synaesthesiatests,andtheirIQjumpedupabout12points!ButDrBorsaystheyneed

totesttheincreaseinIQwithdifferentgroupsofpeopleapartfromcleverstudents

whotookpartinthisstudy.

40.Accordingtothepassage,whendopeopleexperiencesynaesthesia?

41.Howcansynaesthesiahelpimprovememory?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitand

explainwhy?

DrBorhasprovedthattheIQofpeoplefromdifferentgroupswasableto

improveabout12pointsafterlearningsynaesthesia.

43.Besidessynaesthesia,whatdoyouthinkaresomeotherwaystoimproveyour

memory?(Inabout40words)

北京市房山区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习(一)

TheChinesecapital,thefirstcityintheworldtohostthesummerandthewinter

OlympicGames,hascomeupwithinnovativehigh-techstandardsforBeijing2022,

deliveringChina'spromisetoholda"simple,safeandsplendid,,event.

AstheWinterOlympicGamescontinueinChina,someofthedifferent

technologiesarebeingusedinBeijing.JournalistsreportingontheWinterOlympics

areofferedthechancetosleeponthejobthankstothehigh-techcabins(房舱)atthe

Beijingmediacentre.The20sleeprestcabinsweredevelopedbyChina'sKeeson

TechnologyCorp,andwithasimplescanoftheirphones,journalistscanusethemfor

powernapsforuptoanhour.

Thespaciouscabinsareequippedwiththesametypeofbedsprovidedforthe

athletes.Thesmartbedswithsensorscancollectinformationonthingslikebreathing

andheartrates.Userscanadjustthepositionofthebeds,whichhaveamassage

setting,byusingaremotecontrolortheirphone.Thebedsalsohavecontrolsto

permituserstochoosedifferentsleepingpositions,includingonecalled"zero

gravity”,whichisespeciallydesignedfortheBeijingWinterGames.Raisingthehead

15degreesandlegsby35degreesisbeneficialforbloodcirculationandabletohelp

theuserstorelievestressandgetagoodnightsleep.Sofar,thirtytofortypeoplea

dayhaveusedthecabinsattheBeijingmediacentre.Thecabinsarefullycleaned

aftereachuse.

ThesleeprestcabinsarejustoneofanumberofinnovationsattheGames.The

cityhasgonetogreatlengthstomaketheWinterOlympicsasmartsportsexperience.

40.Accordingtothepassage,whathigh-techequipmentisprovidedtojournalistsat

theBeijingmediacentre?

41.Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedpart"powernaps“inthesecond

paragraph?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitand

explainwhy.

Thesmartbedshavemanyfunctions,suchastreatingbreathingandheartdiseases,

providingmassagesettingandpermittingzerogravitysleepingposition.

43.Therearemanyotherhigh-techproductsusedinourdailylife.Pleaseintroduce

anotherhigh-techproduct.(Inabout40words)

北京市延庆区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习(一)

Inlife,onceonapath,wetendtofollowit,forbetterorworse.Whafssadisthat

evenifit'sthelatter,weoftenfollowacertainpathanywaybecauseweareusedto

thewaythingsarethatwedon'tevenrecognizethattheycouldbedifferent.

Psychologistscallthisphenomenonfunctionalfixedness.

Thisclassicexperimentwillgiveyouanideaofhowitworks一andasenseof

whetheryoumayhavefallenintothesametrap:

Peoplearegivenaboxoftacks(大头钉)andsomematchesandaskedtofinda

waytoattachacandletoawallsothatitbumsproperly.Typically,thesubjectstry

tackingthecandletothewallorlightingittofixitwithmeltedwax(石蜡).Thetacks

aretooshort,andthecandledoesn'tfastentothewall.Sohowcanyouaccomplish

thetask?Thesuccessfultechniqueistousethetackboxasacandleholder.You

emptyit,tackittothewall,andstandthecandleinsideit.

Tothinkofthat,youhavetolookbeyondthebox'susualroleasacontainerjust

fortacksandreimagineitservinganentirelynewpurpose.Thatisdifficultbecause

weallsuffer-toonedegreeoranother-fromfunctionalfixedness.Theinabilityto

thinkinnewwaysaffectspeopleineverycornerofsociety.Thepoliticaltheorist

HannahArendcoinedthephrasefrozenthoughtstodescribedeeplyheldideasthatwe

nolongerquestionbutshould.InArendfseyes,thecomplacentrelianceonsuch

accepted"truths“alsomadepeopleblindtoideasthatdidn'tfittheirworldview,even

whentherewasampleevidenceforthem.Frozenthinkinghasnothingtodowith

intelligence,shesaid,"Itcanbefoundinhighlyintelligentpeople.

Anothercontextinwhichfrozenthinkingcanturntrulydangerousismedicine.If

youlandinthehospital,it'snaturaltowanttobetreatedbythemostexperienced

physiciansonstaff.Butaccordingtoa2014studyintheJournaloftheAmerican

MedicalAssociation(JAMA),you'dbebetteroffbeingtreatedbytherelative

novices.

40.Whatdoes"functionalfixedness^^mean?

41.Howisthecandleattachedtothewall?

42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitand

explainwhy.

Frozenthinkingiscommonamongordinarypeopleaswellasthosewithhigh

IQalthoughfrozenthinkinghasmuchtodowithintelligence.

43.Howcanyouavoidfrozenthoughtsinyourdailylife?(Inabout40words)

北京市平谷区2021-2022学年度第二学期高三综合练习(一)

LEGOWorkstoMakeBricksfromRecycledPlastic

TheLEGOGrouphasbeenworkingonawaytomakeLEGObricksoutof

recycledplastic.Thebricksaren'treadyyet,butthecompanysaysifsmaking

progress.Makingbricksfromrecycledmaterialscouldcutpollutionfromthe

comp

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