现代大学英语精读3第二版Unit13-Bookl3

TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWilliamGlasserR

einforcementTextAnalysisTheNeedsThatDriveUsAllB

ackgroundWarmingupUnit13Questions/ActivitiesCheck-onPreviewObjectivesWarmingupTheNeedsThatDriveUsAllUnit13WarmingupQuestions/ActivitiesDoyoubelievehumanactionsaredrivenbyhumanneeds?Whatdoyouthinkarethesebasichumanneeds?Aretheseneedsexclusivelyhuman?…inmanyculturesthemoresoftheculturecondemnthosewhoopenlystriveforit.(para.3)…inmanyculturesopenlytryingtogainpowerisregardedasrunningcountertothecodeofconductoftheculture,andthosewhodosoarestronglydisapprovedof.Check-onPreviewWarmingupParaphraseMostofuscannotgetthroughadaywithoutcomplaint;tobesatisfiedwithhowothershavetreatedusforaweekwouldseemlikeaneternity.(para.7)Mostofuscanfindsomethingtocomplainaboutdaily.Anyfeelingofsatisfactionwithhowwearetreatedwon’tlastaslongasaweek.Check-onPreviewWarmingupParaphraseContent:Understandbasichumanneeds.

Basicneedsaremotivationsforhumanbehaviors.Understandourbuilt-inneed.Tohavethesedesiressatisfiedhelpsusbetterunderstandanddealwithourproblems.Language:Graspdifferentstylesofessay-writing(cf.textA&textB).ObjectivesWarmingupBackgroundHumanNeedsTheoriesAuthorTheNeedsThatDriveUsAllUnit13WilliamGlasserBorninCleveland,Ohio.Chemicalengineeratage19,aclinicalpsychologistat23andaphysicianat28.PsychiatrictrainingattheVeteran’sAdministrationCentreinUCLA.FoundedTheInstituteforRealityTherapyin1967.Hehasdevotedhislifetoeducatingpeopleabouthisbeliefsandworkingdirectlywithschoolcounsellors,administratorsandteachers.BackgroundAuthorHisLife(1925-)

FatherofChoice(Control)TheoryandRealityTherapy.

“Ifyouwanttochangeattitudes,startwithachangeinbehavior.〞HisAchievementsBackgroundAuthorRealityTherapyPeopleneedtomeetthebasicneedoflove(givingandreceiving)andtheneedoffindingself-worth.Successcomeswithgivingandreceivinglovethroughoutone’slife.Schoolsareresponsibleforhelpingstudentstofilltheseneeds.Thesetwoneedsmustbemetsothatstudentscanfindanidentityforthemselves.Studentsthatfailtomeettheseneeds,andthusnotfindtheiridentity,willsuffer,withdrawfromsociety,belonelyandfrustrated.BackgroundHumanNeedsTheoriesThebasicneedsthatdriveusall:Tosurvive(andbesecure)TobelongandbelovedTogainpower(togainandkeeprespect)TobefreeTohavefunBackgroundHumanNeedsTheoriesChoice(Control)Theory(1)

Behaviorisnevercausedbyaresponsetoanoutsidestimulus(situationorperson).Behaviorisaconstantattempttosatisfyoneormoreofourfivebasicneeds.Thesebasicneedsarethoughttobeinnate(wearebornwiththem).Wechooseallthatwedoandweareresponsibleforthechoiceswemake.BackgroundHumanNeedsTheoriesChoice(Control)Theory(2)

In1943,AmericanpsychologistAbrahamMaslow(1908-1970)proposedthetheorythatbehaviorisdeterminedbyavariousofneeds.Heorganizedtheseneedsintofivecategoriesandthenarrangedthecategoriesinahierarchy.Inthepyramid-shapedchart,themostbasicneedsareatthebottomofthiscategory,andthemoreadvancedneedsaretowardthetop.Accordingtohim,peopletrytosatisfythelower-orderneedsbeforetheymoveontothenextlevelhigherup.BackgroundHumanNeedsTheoriesMaslow’sHierarchyofNeeds

BackgroundHumanNeedsTheoriesMaslow’sHierarchyofNeeds

HowisGlasser’sunderstandingofhumans’basicneedsdifferentfromMaslow’s?Howwouldyouliketointerpretthedifferences?BackgroundHumanNeedsTheoriesDiscussion

DetailedAnalysisStructureThemeTextAnalysisTheNeedsThatDriveUsAllUnit13TextAnalysisThemeHumanbeingsaredrivenbyfivebasicneeds,someofwhicharesharedbyotheranimals,andtheneedforpowerisuniquelyhuman.Astoyoungstudents,theyshouldincreasetheirself-awarenessoftheirhumannesssoastobetterdealwiththeirproblems.TextAnalysisStructureIntroduction:twotypesofhumanneeds—survivalandpsychologicalneeds(paras.1-3)Body:analysisofpsychologicalneeds—power,freedom,loveandfun(paras.4-14)A.Theneedofpower(paras.4-9)B.Theotherpsychologicalneeds(paras.10-14)PartI:TwoTypesofHumanNeeds(paras.1-3)SurvivalandPsychologicalTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisWhataretheneedsthatdriveusall?Aretheyofthesamestatus?Aretheseneedsalluniquelyhumanneeds?Whatintheauthor’sopinionistheuniquelyhumanneed?Howdoestheauthorprovethattheseneedsarebasicandthereforewearebornwithnochoice?PartI:DiscussionTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisHowdoestheauthorcategorizethefivebasicneeds?Simplesurvivalneeds:hunger,thirst,andsexualdesireNon-essentialpsychologicalneeds:belonging,freedom,powerandfunWhichculturecondemnsthosewhoopenlystriveforpower,andwhichdoesnot?Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardpoliticsandpoliticians?PartI:DiscussionTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisbebuiltinto(para.1)

tomake…inherentTherateofpaywasbuiltintothelaborcontract.clear-cut(para.3)Onmattersofprincipleweshouldbeclear-cutinattitude,andbynomeansbeequivocal.PartI:Words&ExpressionsPartII:AnalysisofPsychologicalNeeds(paras.4-14)A.TheNeedofPower(paras.4-9)TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisWhatpurposesdoespowerserve?

NeithergoodnorbadPumpingenergyintoeconomyandlifeHelpingdowntroddenpeopleHavingabetterchancetosurviveHurtingpeoplePartII(A):DiscussionTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisWhyisitdifficultformostofustoacceptthattheneedofpowerisabasichumanneed?Thepreachingofthoseinpowerthathumansshouldbehumbleprovesagreatsuccess.Wehope,bysupportingthem,thoseinpowerwouldsharealittleofwhattheyhavewithus.DoyouagreewithWilliamGlasser?Anyexamples?PartII(A):DiscussionTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisGlassersaysthat“tobesatisfiedwithhowothershavetreatedusforaweekwouldseemlikeaneternity.〞Isthisthecase?Whyorwhynot?Howdoyouunderstandthat“Weareintenselycompetitive.〞?Doyouagree?Howdoyouunderstandthatpower,asageneticneed,hasnomorality?Doyouagree?Whydopeopleusuallyhavealowopinionofpower?PartII(A):DiscussionTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysishumanityvs.humilitybe/payatributeto(para.6)Iwanttotakethisopportunitytopayapublictributetohim.getthemessageacross(para.6)Thecampaignistryingtogetthemessageacrosstoyoungpeoplethatdrugsaredangerous.PartII(A):Words&Expressions(1)TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisWordFormationself-serving

(para.6)self-taught self-centered self-directedself-censoring self-defeatingall-pervasive

(para.7)all-important all-inclusive all-wiseall-present all-roundPartII(A):Words&Expressions(2)PartII:AnalysisofPsychologicalNeeds(paras.4-14)B.TheOtherPsychologicalNeeds(paras.10-14)TextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisFreedomWhatistheauthor’sopinionabouttherelationshipbetweenfreedomandpoweraswellasbelonging?DoyouagreewithGlasser?Whyorwhynot?Howdoyouunderstandfreedom?Thatis,whatdoyouwantfromfreedom?PartII(B):DiscussionTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisFunWhatisfun?

Aboutlaughter,playandentertainmentBestpartofanyjobNotseriousbutimportantSpontaneousAbalancetomiseryAcatalystWhatpointdoestheauthortrytomakeinParagraph12?

PartII(B):DiscussionTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisFunHowdoyouunderstandthattheabilitytomakechoicesisthepreconditiontofun?Howdoyouunderstandthatfunisalsoaboutmakingchoices?Doyouagree?Whyisfunabasicneed?Fun,asapowerfulgeneticincentivetolong-termdedicationtolearningandlearning,decideshowwecansurvive.Howisfunimportantinyourlife?Howisfunrelatedtopower,freedomandbelonging?PartII(B):DiscussionTextAnalysisDetailedAnalysisbranchout(para.10)Thecompanyhasbranchedoutintocarleasing.Itisusuallybesttostartwithsimpleexamplesandthenbranchoutslowlyasyoulearnmore.indirect/inverse

proportionto(para.13)Thevalueoflifewillbeonlyindirectproportiontohisachievementsandthecontributionshemakestosociety.PartII(B):Words&ExpressionsReinforcementGrammarDiscussionTheNeedsThatDriveUsAllUnit13ReinforcementDiscussionWhatarethefeaturessharedbyallt