清晰生动的时、语态

第四讲用篇章技巧助力层级十一生动清晰的“时、语态”一篇文章的时态语态可以让文章要点表述清晰，语言生动，段落有条理，能烘托语境，创设情境，使文章的语言活起来，亮起来。一、时态一定要正确1.一般时态一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时。Thereisgoingtobeapaper­cuttingexhibitionintheFolkArtMuseumonSunday.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)星期日，在民间美术馆将有一个剪纸展览。2.进行时态现在进行时、过去进行时和将来进行时。Iamwritingtoinviteyoutojoinapaper­cuttingshowtobeheldthisSunday.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)我写信是想邀请你参加本星期日举行的剪纸展。3.完成时态现在完成时、过去完成时。I’msurethatitwillinterestyou，foryouhavebeenenthusiasticaboutping­pong.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ·书面表达)我肯定这会使你感兴趣，因为你一直热衷于乒乓球运动。二、用英语的被动语态写作时可以多用被动语态，以使表达更生动。1.be＋过去分词(be可使用各种时态)或get＋过去分词Theexhibitionwillbeheldfrom9：00amto5：00pmthedayaftertomorrowinFolkCustomMuseum.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)展览将于后天上午9时至下午5时在民俗博物馆举行。2.情态动词＋be＋过去分词Internetvotingisunfair，andcan’tbetrusted.(2016·江苏卷·书面表达)网络投票不公平，不能被信任。补全句子1.Thatweekend，we______________________________________________tothepeoplethere.(2016·北京卷·写作)

那个周末，我们去了附近的小区把它们送给那里的人们。2.________________tobringyoutheChinesepainting______________________.

我已请他带给你所要的油画。3.________________totellyousomethingaboutdonatingbookstoyourclass.

我正写信告诉你向你班赠书的情况。wenttoanearbyneighborhoodandgavethemawayI’veaskedhimyou’veaskedforbeforeI’mwriting4.Theentrancetotheparkingplacewastoosmallandoften____________.

通往停车场的入口太小了，经常堵车。5.________________________________，andthousandsofcopieshavebeensoldoutnow.

这本书在我们省很好卖，现在已经卖出数千本了。6.________________________________________inthepasttwoyears.

我们的学校近两年发生了巨大的变化。7.Ididn’tcatchwhatourteachersaid，because________________________________.

我没有听懂我们的老师说的什么，因为我刚才在考虑别的事情。8.______________________aslongas____________________.

只要你不告诉别人，我就告诉你真相。gotblockedThisbooksellswellinourprovinceGreatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolIwasthinkingaboutsomethingelseIwilltellyouthetruthyoukeepittoyourself利用恰当的时态语态，结合中文提示补全短文并背诵1.________________________________(一场可怕的暴雨袭击了我们城市)lastnightandcausedhugemudslidesaroundWestVillage.Inthisdisaster，nearly2.________________________(十所房子被毁)andanofficebuildingwasruined.What’sworse，3.____________________________(暴雨已造成一人死亡)，leavingfivepersonsmissing.Averyterriblerainstormhitourcitytenhousesweredestroyedithasalreadycausedonedeath4.____________________(当困难发生)ataplace，helpcomesfromallsides.Soldiersweresenttohelpout.And5.________________________________(许多村民努力帮助)searchforthemissingpersons.Itissaidthatthedirecteconomiclosscausedbythisheavyrainstorm6.__________________________________(总计一千多万元).Througheveryone’sefforts，7.____________________________________(一切进展顺利).Whentroublehappensalotofvillagerstriedtheirbesttohelpaddsuptomorethantenmillionyuaneverythingwentonverywell/smoothly层级十二句顺意畅的“过渡语”能使书面表达的整篇文章浑然一体的就是一些过渡性词语的使用。这些衔接过渡性词语在句与句之间、段与段之间起承上启下、使文章前后连贯、结构紧凑、过渡自然的作用，从而提升了表达的层次，成为增分的亮点。1.表示起始关系的过渡性词语aboveall，tobegin/startwith，today，now，nowadays，atpresent，currently，recently，generallyspeaking，accordingto，withthedevelopmentof...等。Tostartwith，IhavebeenlearningandspeakingMandarinforabout17years.首先，我学说普通话已经17年了。(2015·四川卷·满分作文)2.表示时间顺序的过渡性词语firstly，firstofall，tobegin/startwith，then，later，intheend，finally，atlast，afterthat，afterwards，sincethen，immediately，suddenly，meanwhile等。Firstly，Ihavealwaysbeeninterestedinreadingbooks.Secondly，I’dliketosharemybookswithothersaswell.(2015·重庆卷·满分作文)首先，我一直对读书感兴趣；其次，我也喜欢与别人分享我的书籍。3.表示并列关系的过渡性词语and，or，also，aswellas，neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...，either...or...，not...but...等。Shefinallyearnedrespectofthem，whoeventuallybecameconfidentaswellaswell­behaved.(2015·广东卷·满分作文)她最后赢得了他们的尊重，他们最终变得自信，表现也不错。4.表示转折关系的过渡性词语but，yet，however，while，otherwise，onthecontrary，though，although，evenif/though，despite，inspiteof，regardlessof等。Somecompromiseswereunavoidable，butthevideoturnedoutperfect.有些妥协是不可避免的，但视频结果是完美的。(2017·北京卷·书面表达)5.表示因果关系的过渡性词语because，as，since，for，thanksto，dueto，asaresultof，so，therefore，asaresult/consequence等。Thankstotheassistanceofthelocalmedia，hehasfound32timetwinsacross13countries，with17malesand15females.(广东卷·满分作文)多亏当地媒体的协助，他在13个国家找到了32对同年同月同日出生的人，其中17对男性，15对女性。6.表示递进关系的过渡性词语what’smore，furthermore，moreover，besides，what’sworse，stillless，tomakemattersworse，worsestill，on(the)onehand...ontheotherhand...，foronething...foranother(thing)...等。What’sworse，Idon’tcommunicatealotwithmyparentsandmyfriends.更糟糕的是，我不经常和父母和朋友交流。(2017·天津卷·书面表达)7.表示列举事实的过渡性词语suchas，forexample/instance，take...forexample，thatistosay，asfollows，inotherwords等。Theplanforthedayisasfollows：Firstly，it’sacustomtohavedumplingsonthatday，sowe’llmakedeliciousdumplingswithourownhandsratherthanbuysomeforthem.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ·满分作文)这天的计划如下：首先，在那天吃饺子是一项风俗，因此我们会亲手为他们做美味的饺子而不是去买。8.表示观点的过渡性词语inmyopinion，inmyview，frommypointofview，asfarasIamconcerned，asforme，personally等。AsfarasI’mconcerned，allourclassmateshavelearnedalotfromourcommunicationandthevariousactivities.(2016·天津卷·书面表达)就我个人而言，我的所有同学从交流和各种各样的活动中学到很多东西。9.表示总结的过渡性词语inshort，inbrief，inconclusion，ina/oneword，tosumup，allinall，onthewhole，ingeneral，actually等。Inshort，playingbasketballenrichesmylifeandmakesmemoreconfident.总之，打篮球丰富我的生活，使我更加自信。用过渡词汇补全句子1.______________________(首先)，themostsignificantthingistosetagoal，workoutaplanandcarryoutyourplanstepbystep.2.____________________________________(况且)，listeningtosomesoftmusicdoesrelaxyourmoodandgiveyouanewstart.3.Ilostmywayintheforestand____________________________(更糟的是)，itbecamedark.4.__________(因此)，Isuggestwebegivenmoretimeforsportsandsleep.Firstofall/TobeginwithBesides/Inaddition/What’smore/Moreovertomakemattersworse/worsestillTherefore5.__________________________________(总之)，weshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestoprotectourenvironment.6.__________(否则)we’llhavetoanswerforourselfishnesssoonerorlater.7.Swimming____________(不但)benefitsourhealth，____________(而且)helpsushaveastrongwill.8.________________(正相反)，smartphonesnotonlytakeupourvaluabletime，butalsodogreatharmtoourhealth.Inaword/Inconclusion/Inshort/InbriefOtherwisenotonlybutalsoOnthecontrary9.______________________(在我看来)，onlybystudyinghardatordinarytimecanyousucceedeventually.10.___________(因此)，Isuggestwegetupearlytocatchthebus.11.________(事实上),wecan’tsucceedineverythingwetry.What’simportantisthatweshouldstickatit.12.Inmyfreetime,Iwillcontinuetotakeregularexercise,____________(例如)swimming,runningandvariousballgames.AsfarasIamconcernedThereforeActuallysuchas13.Inoticedtheentrancewassmallandalmostblocked.________(所以)myclassmatesandIhadadiscussionandwroteareport.14.____________(除了……之外)readingforknowledge,wereadforfunandinspiration.15.________(最后),weshouldtakepartinsportsandoutdoorsactivitiesfrequently.Theywerereallyhelpfultobuildupmybodyandenrichmyschoollife.SoInadditiontoFinally选用适当的过渡性词语补全短文however，besides，meanwhile，personally，additionally，ononehand，ontheotherhand，asfarasI’mconcernedDeareditor，I