超详细的状语和状语从句讲解课件

状语和状语从句状语的定义和作用状语的位置和形式状语的定义和作用状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子等的句子成分。状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让

步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。a2状语的形式和位置在所有的语法范畴中，状语的形式最多样，它可以是单词、词组或从句；可以是副词（短语）、介词短语、分词（短语）、动词不定式（短语）状语从句等。与其他语法范畴相比，状语的位置也最灵活，它可以出现在句首、句中或句末。例如：

Immediately

he

replied.（句首）He

immediately

replied.（句中）He

replied

immediately.（句尾）a3副词（短语）作状语She

is

alwayslosing

her

keys.她总是丢钥匙。John

drovetoo

slowly.约翰开车太慢。a4介词短语作状语Let

’s

go

home.The

best

fish

swim

near

the

bottom.好鱼居水底I

have

lived

here

for

three

years.我住这已经3年了。a5分词（短语）作状语She

sat

there

doing

nothing.她坐在那里无所事事。（doing的逻辑主语是she，它们之间是主动的关系）Given

better

attention,the

trees

cangrow

well.如果得到更好的管理，这些树可以长得很好。（given的逻辑主语是thetrees，它们之间是被动的关系）a6为了表示明确的时间或条件，有时可在分词前加when,

while,

if等连词。例如：When

leaving

the

airport,she

waved

againand

again

to

us.当离开机场的时候，她向我们频频招手。While

waiting

for

the

train,I

had

a

longtalk

with

Jane.在等火车的时候，我与珍妮进行了长谈。If

translated

word

by

word,the

sentencewill

be

meaningless.如果逐字翻译，这个句子就没有意义。a7分词有时也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语（即与句子的主语不一致），这种结构称为独立结构，在很多情况下表示时间、原因、条件或伴随的动作或情况。例如：The

holidays

being

over,they

beganto

get

down

to

do

their

work

again.假期结束了，他们又开始认真地工作。So

many

people

being

absent,wedecided

to

put

the

meeting

off.这么多人缺席，我们决定把会议延期。a8【特别提醒】现在分词表示主动的意思，表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动的意思，表示动作的完成。a9动词不定式（短语）作状语She

was

slow

to

make

up

her

mind.她迟迟不能下决心。To

be

honest,I

didn’t

enjoy

theparty.说实话，我不喜欢这个聚会。We

live

to

serve

the

peopleheartand

soul.我们活着是为了全心全意为人民服务。a10副词性从句---状语从句状语从句的种类对比训练与巩固)While

I

was

wondering

at

this,

our

schoolmaster

took his

place.

(

时间

)Where

there

is

a

will,

there

is

a

way.

(

地点

)

Now

that/Since

everybody

is

here,let’s

beginourmeeting.（

原因）I’ll

speak

slowly

so

that

you

can

understand

me.(目的)

So

clever

was

he

a

student

that

he

was

able

to

workout

all

the

difficult

problems.

(

结果

)As

long

as

you

don’t

lose

heart,you’ll

succeed.(条件)Try

as

he

might,he

could

not

find

a

job.(

让步)The

old

lady

treats

the

boy

as

if

he

were

her

own

son.(方式状语从句的分类a12时间状语从句原因状语从句地点状语从句

目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句状语从句有九种，时地原因条状补，目比结果方让步，连词引导各不同；主句通常前面走，连词引导紧随后，从句若在主前头，主从之间有个逗。a13引导词可分为两部分whenaswhilebeforeafteruntil

(till)sinceas

soon

asevery

timenexttimethe

first/…last

timethemomenttheminuteinstantlyimmediatelydirectly (一…就…)a141、时间状语从句：引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when,while,as,

whenever,before,after,since,till,until,assoon

as,

once…等引导。如：a15When

he

was

still

a

youngman,

he

wasforced

to

leave

his

homeland

for

politicalreasons.It

has

been

15

years

since

heleft.I’ll

tell

him

the

news

as

soon

as

I

see

him.Once

you

have

got

used

to

it,

you

will

like

it.I

waited

till

he

had

finished

his

work.a16注意：（1）when,

as,whilewhen即可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如：a17When

I

was

a

boy,I

used

togoto

the

seashore

on

Sundays.（同时）When

the

lesson

was

over,webegan

ourwriting.（从句动作在前）a18as引导持续性动作，侧重主句和从句的动作同时发生。He

hurried

home,

looking

behindas

he

went.I

saw

your

sister

as

she

wasgettingon

the

bus

yesterday.He

sang

as

hewalked.a19While：指的是“在某一时间里”，“在…期间”，从句里的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作的对比。a20如：While

he

was

in

London,

he

studiedmusic.While

we

were

watching

TV,

he

waswriting

acomposition.a21while也可做并列连词，表示对照的意思。如：He

is

tallwhile

his

brother

isshort.当when,as,

while表示“在…一段时间里”，主从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。如：While

(When或As)we

werediscussing,Mr.Smith

came

in.a22（2）如果when和before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成“当…时候”和“在…之前”，而要译成“就”、“才”、“这时”等。如：The

struggle

lasted

four

yearsbefore

the

North

won

in

the

end.a23He

almost

knocked

me

down

beforehe

saw

me.I

was

walking

in

the

street

when

I

sawhim.a24(3)by

the

time,each

time,everytime,immediately,

the

moment,theinstant,the

minute,soon

after,shortly

after都可以作为连词，引导时间状语。如：By

the

time

he

was

fourteen,hehad

taught

himself

advancedmathematics.a25Each

time

he

came,

he

would

callonme.You

must

show

him

in

immediatelyhecomes.I

recognized

him

the

moment

I

sawhim.a26讲练结合:1.

－Did

you

remember

to

give

Mary

themoney

you

owedher?I

saw

her.A.whileC.suddenlyB.

themomentD.

onceImet

her.A.

first

timeC.

the

first

timeB.

for

the

first

timeD.

by

the

first

time3.entered

the

office

when

he

realized

thathe

had

forgotten

his

report.A.

He

hardly

hadC.

Hardly

had

heB.

Had

hehardlyD.

Hardly

he

had－Yes.Igaveittoher

B2.Ithoughtherniceandhonest

CCa27小结：一些词，如the

moment,

the

minute,

the

instant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than等也可引导一个时间状语从句，相当于as

soon

as的意思。I

didn’t

wait

a

moment,

but

came

immediately

youcalled.一些含有time的名词短语，如every

time,eachtime,next

time,by

the

time等，以及the

day,theyear,the

morning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。The

day

he

returned

home,

his

father

was

alreadydead.Next

time

you

come,

please

bring

your

composition.如果hardly或nosooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必须用部分倒装结构。Hardly

had

I

got

home

when

it

began

to

rain.a28(4)till和until①如果主句谓语动词是持续动词，通常用肯定式的主句，表示“直到…为止”。如：I

workedtill

(until)

he

cameback.a29②如果主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用否定式的主句表示“直到…才”。如：I

didn’t

go

to

beduntil

(till)

hecameback.a30③放在句首表示强调时一般用until。如：Until

he

returns, nothing

canbedone.a31【小结】时间状语从句常由下列连词引导：when，whenever，as，while，before，after，since，as

soon

as，until，once。时间状语从句还可由一些名词（the

moment,theinstant,every

time等）和副词（instantly,

directly等）连接。例如：I’ll

telephone

youthe

instantI

know.我一知道就立即给你打电话。Every

timeI

catch

a

cold,my

nose

runs.每次我感冒都流鼻涕。时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。例如：You

will

get

to

know

when

you

grow

up.你长大后就会了解。a321.时间状语从句suddenly

the1.

We

were

swimming

in

the

lakestorm

started.A.

when B.

while C.

untilD.beforesomeone2.

He

was

about

to

tell

me

thesecretpatted

him

on

theshoulder.A.

as B.

until C.

while D.

whenit3.

He

transplanted

the

little

tree

to

the

gardenwas

the

best

time

for

it.A.

where B.

when C.

that D.

until4.

－Did

Jack

come

back

early

last

night?－Yes.

It

was

not

yet

eighto’clockA.Before B.

when C.

that

D.untila5.

He

was

about

halfway

through

his

mealfamiliar

voice

came

to

his

ears.ADBB

he

arrived

home.CA.

whyB.

whereC.

whenaD.while336.

The

cost

of

living

in

Glasgow

is

among

the

lowest

inthe

quality

of

life

is

probably

one

of

thehighest.A.since B.

when C.

as D.

while7.

I

accept

that

he

is

not

perfect,

I

doactuallyA.WhileB.

Since C.Before D.

Unless连接词while的用法小结while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如：Please

don’t

talk

so

loud

while

others

are

working.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。Britain,

DlikAe

the

person.343.while可表示尽管，相当于aalthough。2、原因状语从句：通常由连词：because,as,

since,now

that引导。区别是:because：表示“因为”，直接而明确的原因和理由，语气最强，why提问的句子，一般都用because回答。He

didn’t

come

because

he

was

ill.a35since：表示“既然”，语气比because弱。

Since

you

are

here,you

must

do

it.as：表示“因为”语气比because轻，引导从句可放主句前也可放主句后。You

needn’t

go

with

me,

as

you

arebusy.As

I

was

afraid,

I

hid

myself.a36now

that意思与since相似，表示“既然”。Now

that

you

are

in

High

School,

youwill

probably

spend

more

in

reading.Now

that

all

the

guests

have

arrived,let’s

have

our

dinner.a37注意：①在强调句中强调原因状语从句，只能用because引导，不可用as或since，如：It

was

because

he

was

ill

that

hedidn’t

go

with

us.a38②because可以引导表语从句,而as,since不可以，这时状语一般都是it,this,thata39It’s

because

he

is

too

lazy.③for也表示“因为”，但是并列连词，它连接的不是状语从句，语气比较强。It

must be

morning,for

thebirds

are

singing.a40becausesinceasfornowthatseeing

(that)既然considering

(that)考虑到／鉴于鉴于／由于／既然／因为a413、地点状语从句：通常由连词where和wherever引导。如：Go

back

where

you

camefrom.Wherever

you

go,

you

must

write

toyour

parents.Where

there

is

awill,

there

is

away.Where

there

is

toomuch,

the

poisonand

waste

may

do

great

harm

to

thethings

around

us.a424、目的状语从句：通常由so

that,in

order

that,so…that,lest,in

case（以防、免得）等引导：He

got

up

early

in

order

that

hecouldcatch

the

early

bus.She

married

him

so

that

shemighttend

and

comfort

him.I

explained

again

and

again

in

casehe

should

misunderstand

me.a43so

thatin

order

thatin

case

（以防、免得）for

fear

that(生怕，以免）lest

(以免，免得)a44※【特别提醒】由lest

，for

fear

that引导的目的状语从句要使用虚拟语气，由should＋动词原形构成。I

hid

the

book

lest

(=for

fearthat)he

should

see

it.a455、结果状语从句：由so

that,so…that,such…that引导：It

was

very

cold,

so

that

the

riverfroze.The

book

isso

written

that

it

gives

a

quitewrong

idea

of

thefacts.There

were

so

many

people

(=such

a

lot

ofpeople)

in

the

room

that

we

could

not

get

in.He

made

such

an

excellent

speech

thateveryone

admired

him.a466、条件状语从句:由if,unless,as

long

as(=so

longas)(只要),in

case

(that)(如果，万一)等引导：If

plastics

and

rubber

are

burned,they

give

off

poisonous

gases.a47Unless

you work

hard,

youwill

fail,You

can

go out,

as

long

as

(solong

as

)

you promise

to bebackbefore

eleven.a48In

case

I

forget,

please

remind

meaboutthat.注意：条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态不可用将来时，只能用现在时态或过去时态表示将来时。a497、方式状语从句：由连词：as,

asif,asthough引导：The

teacher

told

the

students

to

do

ashe

did.Leave

it

as

it

is.He

heard

a

noise,

as

if

someone

wasbreathing.I

saw

the

man

looking

about

him

as

ifhe

wished

to

impress

upon

his

mindeverything.a50as

if和as

though意义和用法大致一样，引导的从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气。He

treats

me

as

if

I

were

his

own

son.He

walkedas

if

he

weredrunk.a518、比较状语从句：由连词as…as,

not

so(as)…as,than等引导：I

hope

it

was

as

good

as

the

oneyou

lent

me.Actually

the

ocean

floor

arealmost

as

irregular

as

theexposedland

area.a52No

one

can be

more

fit

forhis

officethan he

is.Hecan’t runso

fast

as

she.a53注意：“the+比较级(接从句)，the+比较级(接主句)，这一句型也归在比较状语从句内。如：The

more

you

study,

the

moreyouknow.The

harder

we

work,

the

happierwefeel.a549、让步状语从句：由though,

although,

as (虽然尽管), even

if, even

though,wh-ever, no

matter-wh,

whether引导.a55whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhoweverwh

-evera56no

matter

whono

matter

whatno

matterwhichno

matter

whenno

matterwhereno

matter

howno

matter

wh-a57Though

he

is

old,

yet

he

isactive.Although

most

of

the

people

agreed,some

were

not

willing

to

accepted.Proud

as

the

nobles

are,

he

isafraidto

see

me.We

wouldn’t

lose

heart

even

if

weshould

fail

ten

times.a58Whenever

(=no

matter

when)

youcall

on

me,you

are

alwayswelcome.Wherever

(no

matter

where)

youwork,

you

can

always

find

time

tostudy.Take

the

one

you

like

best,whichever

(no

matter

which)

it

is.a59No

matter

what

I

say

or

how

Isay

it,

he

always

thinks

I’m

wrong.Whether

he

comes

or

not,

we’lldiscuss

the

problem

thisafternoon.a60注意：（1）让步状语从句在句中的位置可放前也可放后，有时还可以插在

主句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。a61（2）though与although同义，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首，不能与

but连用，但可以与yet,still（副词）等连用，用来加强语气。Though(

Although)he

was

tired,yet

(still)hewent

on

working.a62（3）as引导让步状语从句时从句部分语序要部分倒装。如：Young

as

he

is,

he

can

read

andwrite

in

several

foreignlanguage.（表语提前）a63Child

as

he

was,

he

had

to

supportthe

family.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）Surrounded

as

we

were

by

theenemy,

we

managed

to

marchforward.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）a64it

began

tothe

bellrang.A.

when B.

whileC.

asD.during对比训练１a66We

were

about

to

leave

A

rain.She

thought

I

was

talking

about

her

son,

B

,

in

fact,

I

was

talking

about

my

son.3.

Hardly

had

I

finished

mycomposition

A对比训练２Child

B

she

is,

she

knows

a

lot.He

did

the

experiment

__B__

he

wastold.The

pianos

in

the

other

shop

will

becheaper,

but

not

E

good.A.du