广东省韶关市2023-2024学年高三上学期综合测试（一）【期中】英语试题（ 含答案解析 ）

韶关市2024届高三综合测试(一)英语本试卷共10页，卷面满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、学校和班级填写在答题卡指定的位置上。2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。写在本试卷上无效。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答。答案必须写在答题卡指定区域内的相应位置上。如需改动。先划掉原来的答案。然后再写上新答案：不准使用铅笔和涂改液。写在本试卷上无效。4.考生须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题。每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAsthesummerheatbuilds,wecouldn’thelpbutwonder.Isthereanybodyintheworldwhodoesn’tloveicecream?Icecreammaybeuniversallyappealing,butmanycountrieshavetheirownversion.Frozencustard,UnitedStatesDifferentfromfrozenyogurt,whichismadewithculturedyogurtandsugar,frozencustardisacombinationofmilk,cream,sugarandeggs.Whenitcomestoitsflavors,Americanstypicallyhaveachoicebetweenvanillaorchocolate.DairyQueen,theMidwestfastfoodrestaurantchain,andCulver’sandCarvelareallpopulargo-tospotsintheUS.Raspado,MexicoWhilesnowcones(雪糕筒)aremadeusingmassivelysweetsyrup(糖浆),raspadoshaverealfruitsorfreshfruitjuices.ThesweetandcoldtreatiscommonthroughoutMexicoandsoldatstreetcarts.Youwon’tfindMexicanseatingtheirraspadosincones.They’reonlyservedincups.Gelato,ItalyItaliangelatoislowerinfatthantraditionalicecreamandmixedwithwholemilk,eggs,sugarandflavoring.InItaly，gelatoisservedusingaspatula(小铲)thatpressesthecooltreatintoacuporcone.Finardi’sgo-toinMilanisprobablythebestshopinItalywhichspecializesinchocolateflavors.Dondurma,TurkeyDondurmaismadewithmilkandsugar.Thesellersusuallyofferflavorssuchasvanillaandmelon.Buyingdondurmaislikewatchingaperformance.ThemenwhosellitweartraditionalTurkishcostumeandhat,twistandturntheicecreamuntilitlandsintoacone.Kidsandadultsgetakickoutoftheshow.Ifyouwanttotasteit,youcanbuytheirdondurmafromastreetcartoratafair.1.Whichicecreamsmayattractchocolatelovers?A.FrozencustardandGelato!B.RaspadoandGelato.C.FrozencustardandDondurma.D.GelatoandDondurma.2.WhatisspecialaboutDondurma?A.Itsflavors.B.Itsingredients.C.Itsproducingprocess.D.Itssellingway.3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atravelbrochure.B.Ahealthblog.C.Acuisinemagazine.D.Anadvertisement.【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了不同国家受欢迎的冰激凌口味及品牌。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Differentfromfrozenyogurt,whichismadewithculturedyogurtandsugar,frozencustardisacombinationofmilk,cream,sugarandeggs.Whenitcomestoitsflavors,Americanstypicallyhaveachoicebetweenvanillaorchocolate.”（与冷冻酸奶不同，冷冻酸奶是用酸奶和糖制成的，冷冻蛋奶冻是牛奶、奶油、糖和鸡蛋的混合物。说到口味，美国人通常会在香草味和巧克力味之间做出选择。）及第四段“Italiangelatoislowerinfatthantraditionalicecreamandmixedwithwholemilk,eggs,sugarandflavoring.InItaly，gelatoisservedusingaspatulathatpressesthecooltreatintoacuporcone.Finardi’sgo-toinMilanisprobablythebestshopinItalywhichspecializesinchocolateflavors.”（意大利冰淇淋的脂肪含量比传统冰淇淋低，并混合了全脂牛奶、鸡蛋、糖和调味品。在意大利，人们用锅铲将凉的冰淇淋压入杯子或蛋筒中。米兰的Finardi’sgo-to可能是意大利最好的巧克力口味店。）可知，Frozencustard和Gelato有巧克力口味，会吸引巧克力爱好者。故选A项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段第二三四句“Buyingdondurmaislikewatchingaperformance.ThemenwhosellitweartraditionalTurkishcostumeandhat,twistandturntheicecreamuntilitlandsintoacone.Kidsandadultsgetakickoutoftheshow.”（买dondurma就像看一场表演。卖冰淇淋的人穿着传统的土耳其服装，戴着帽子，把冰淇淋扭来扭去，直到它落在变成一个圆锥形。孩子和大人都能从中得到乐趣。）可知，Dondurma的售卖方式很特别。故选D项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Icecreammaybeuniversallyappealing,butmanycountrieshavetheirownversion.”（冰淇淋可能具有普遍的吸引力，但许多国家都有自己的版本。）并结合下文对不同国家冰激凌的口味介绍可知，本文应选自美食杂志。故选C项。BInjustafewhours,afourth-graderMaliahwouldboardaschoolbusalongsideherclassmatesandheadoutforatwiceweeklymorningofhorsebackridingatVictoriaAcresEquineFacility.VictoriaAcresfoundedin2012,empowersstudentswithdisabilitiesthroughhorsebackridingandprovidesmorethan2,300ridinglessonsandtherapies(疗法)everyyear.Despitethebusyschedule,VictoriaAcrespaysextraattentiontothehealthandwell-beingofitseighttherapyhorses.Itmakessureeachanimalparticipatesinnomorethanthreehalf-hoursessionseachday.Manyoftheanimalsareolderwithagentleandcalmnature.Thismakesthemespeciallysuitablefortherapyrides.Maliah’sschoolrecentlyjoinedwithVictoriaAcres,inthenearbytownofGuilderlandtotryoutanewridingprogramtohelpindividualswithdisabilitiesbuildconfidenceandbecomestronger.MorganGrimmisaspecialeducationteacher.AccordingtoGrimmtheactivityhashelpedMaliah,whoisautistic(自闭症儿童),toconnectwithothers.Shecanalsoenjoylearningoutsideatraditionalclassroom.“Onthedaysthatwe’renothere,she’sseekingalotmoreattentionandherbehaviorsareabitincreased.Butonthedayswecomebackfromthefarm,she’salotcalmer.”Grimmsaid.“We’reseeinganincreaseinhermakingsentencesandheroveralllanguage.”The10-year-oldstudentisoneoffourautisticstudentsparticipatingintheprogram.Theyrecentlyhadtheirfourthridingsession.Volunteerssaid,“Wecanseeclearevidencethatthosestudentswhoareparticipatingarebenefiting.Theirphysicalabilityandskillsareimproving,soaretheirsocialskills.Theyalsohavecognitivebenefits—thingsthathelpwithremembering,learningandusinglanguageandbetterconfidence.”It’scommonlybelievedthatstudentswithdisabilitieshavedifficultygettinginvolvedinsocialactivities.Becauseofthispreconception,theirparentsarenervoustotakethemoutinthecommunity.ButGrimmsaid,“thisisgreatexposureforthemtoseethatit’sawholenewworld.”4.WhydidMaliahandherclassmatesgotoVictoriaAcrestwiceaweek?A.Toexplorenature.B.Tolearnhorseriding.C.Toreceivetherapyrides.D.Torelaxthemselves.5.Whatplaysanessentialroleintheridingprogram?A.Teachers’comments.B.Good-temperedhorses.C.Tightschedules.D.Olderanimals.6.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparticipantsintheprogram?A.Theypreferlearningwithothers.B.Theyimprovephysicallyandsocially.C.Theyhardlybenefitfromtheprogram.D.Theylearnlanguagebetterthanothers.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“preconception”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Afixedidea.B.Apersonalhabit.C.Anoutdatedtheory.D.Anoptimisticattitude.【答案】4.C5.B6.B7.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了VictoriaAcres为残疾学生提供骑马课程和治疗，使他们身心都得到了改善。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Injustafewhours,afourth-graderMaliahwouldboardaschoolbusalongsideherclassmatesandheadoutforatwiceweeklymorningofhorsebackridingatVictoriaAcresEquineFacility.(在短短几个小时内，四年级的Maliah就会和同学们一起登上校车，前往VictoriaAcresEquineFacility参加每周两次的骑马活动)”和第二段中“VictoriaAcres,foundedin2012,empowersstudentswithdisabilitiesthroughhorsebackridingandprovidesmorethan2,300ridinglessonsandtherapies(疗法)everyyear.(VictoriaAcres成立于2012年，通过骑马为残疾学生恢复能力，每年提供2300多节骑马课程和治疗)”可知，Maliah和她的同学去VictoriaAcres是为了接受骑马治疗，故选C。5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Manyoftheanimalsareolderwithagentleandcalmnature.Thismakesthemespeciallysuitablefortherapyrides.(许多动物年龄较大，天性温和、冷静。这使得它们特别适合用于疗法骑马)”可知，脾气温和的马在骑马项目中非常关键，故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Volunteerssaid,‘Wecanseeclearevidencethatthosestudentswhoareparticipatingarebenefiting.Theirphysicalabilityandskillsareimproving,soaretheirsocialskills.Theyalsohavecognitivebenefits—thingsthathelpwithremembering,learningandusinglanguageandbetterconfidence.’(志愿者说：‘我们可以清楚地看到，那些参与的学生正在受益。他们的身体能力和技能都在提高，他们的社交能力也在提高。它们对认知也有好处——有助于记忆、学习和使用语言，增强信心。’)”可知，骑马项目的参与者身体方面和社交方面都得到了改善，故选B。【7题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词前一句“It’scommonlybelievedthatstudentswithdisabilitieshavedifficultygettinginvolvedinsocialactivities.(人们普遍认为残疾学生很难参与社会活动)”和下文“theirparentsarenervoustotakethemoutinthecommunity(他们的父母不敢带他们去社区)”可知，人们普遍认为残疾学生很难参与社会活动，正是由于这个固有观念，残疾学生的父母不敢带他们到社区，preconception意为“先入之见，预先形成的观念”，故选A。CTherewasastrangestillness.Thebirds,forexample—wherehadtheygone?Manypeoplespokeofthem,puzzled,anddisturbed.Thefeedingstationsinthebackyardsweredeserted.Thefewbirdsseenanywhereweredying;theytrembledviolentlyandcouldnotfly.Itwasaspringwithoutvoices.Onthemorningsthathadoncethrobbed(跳动)withthedawnchorusofrobins,catbirds,doves,jays,wrens,andscoresofotherbirdvoices,therewasnownosound;onlysilencelayoverthefieldsandwoodsandwetlands.RachelCarsonwasascientistbyprofession.Buttheselinesfromtheopeningchapterofher1962bookSilentSpring,AFableforTomorrow,showhertalentasawriter.Byimaginingaworldwithoutbirds,sheaimedtoalertnotonlythescientificcommunitybutalsothepublictothedamagingeffectsofhumanactivityonecosystems—inparticular,totheharmfuluseofpesticides,suchasDDT.Shebelievedthatthechemicalindustrywasknowinglycausingharmtoplants,animalsandevenhumans,andwishedtoseepesticidesusedinamoreresponsible,limitedandcarefullymonitoredway.Carsonurgedpeopletomakethemselvesawareofthefactsanddosomethingaboutthesituation.SilentSpringcontainsalotofscientificresearchandcasestudies.Thebookdetailsthegypsymothwipeoutprogramme,whichkilledbirds.TheBookalsogivesexamplesofotherwipeoutprogrammersthatdidnothingtoreducetheproblemstheywereoriginallydesignedtosolve.Carson’smessagecausedagreatincreaseinenvironmentalawareness.Itsimpactwasimmediateandfar-reaching:TheuseofDDTwasbannedandtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)wasestablishedintheUS.SilentSpringwasthereforeregardedasamilestoneinthelaunchofthegreenmovementintheWesternworld.Herbooknotonlychangedtheworld;halfacenturylateritremainsabookthatdeservestoberereadtoday.UnlesswedolistentoRachelCarson’swarning,onedaywemaywakeuptothestrangeandquiethorrorofanothersilentspring.8.Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Todescribearealscene.B.Torecommendascientist.C.Tointroducethetopic.D.Toprovidebackgroundinformation.9.WhichofthefollowingstatementwouldRachelCarsonprobablyagreewith?A.DDTwasdoingharmtotheecosystemsonearth.B.Pesticideshadbeenusedbothresponsiblyandcarefully.C.Thehumanactivitiesdidnotcausedamagetonaturalecosystems.D.Thelinesfromtheopeningchapterofherbookwerejustafantasy.10.WhatwastheinfluenceofthebookSilentSpring?A.Itwasseenasafar-reachinggreenmovement.B.Itprohibitedtheuseofpesticidesaroundtheworld.C.Itbroughttheauthoragoodreputationaroundtheworld.D.Itraisedpeople’sconsciousnessofenvironmentalprotection.11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsCarson’smessageinSilentSpring?A.Concerned. B.Disapproving.C.Doubtful. D.Objective.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.A【解析】【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家RachelCarson所著的书《寂静的春天》，书中描述了一个没有鸟类的可怕世界，指出了人类活动对生态系统所造成的破坏，呼吁人们要认清现实、采取措施。Carson的书起到了积极的作用，不仅改变了世界，也值得我们再次去阅读。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Therewasastrangestillness.Thebirds,forexample—wherehadtheygone?Manypeoplespokeofthem,puzzled,anddisturbed.”（有一种奇怪的寂静。比如那些鸟，它们到哪里去了？许多人谈到他们，感到困惑和不安。）、“therewasnownosound;onlysilencelayoverthefieldsandwoodsandwetlands.”（现在没有声音了；只有寂静笼罩着田野、树林和湿地。）及全段内容可知，该段描述了一个没有鸟类的寂静的世界；结合第二段“Byimaginingaworldwithoutbirds,sheaimedtoalertnotonlythescientificcommunitybutalsothepublictothedamagingeffectsofhumanactivityonecosystems”（通过想象一个没有鸟类的世界，她不仅要提醒科学界，还要提醒公众人类活动对生态系统的破坏性影响。）可知，文章主要通过描述一个没有鸟类的世界，来引出Carson的书中人类活动对生态系统造成破坏这一主题，故第一段的作用是引出主题。故选C。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Byimaginingaworldwithoutbirds,sheaimedtoalertnotonlythescientificcommunitybutalsothepublictothedamagingeffectsofhumanactivityonecosystems—inparticular,totheharmfuluseofpesticides,suchasDDT.”（通过想象一个没有鸟类的世界，她不仅要提醒科学界，还要提醒公众人类活动对生态系统的破坏性影响——特别是杀虫剂的有害使用，如DDT。）可知，Carson认为使用如DDT之类的杀虫剂是有害的，对地球上的生态系统会产生破坏性的影响。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Carson’smessagecausedagreatincreaseinenvironmentalawareness.”（Carson言论极大地提高了人们的环保意识。）可知，Carson的书《寂静的春天》极大地提高了人们的环保意识。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“UnlesswedolistentoRachelCarson’swarning,onedaywemaywakeuptothestrangeandquiethorrorofanothersilentspring.”（除非我们听从RachelCarson的警告，否则有一天我们可能会在另一个寂静的春天里醒来，看到奇怪而安静的恐怖。）可知，作者认为人们应该听从Carson在《寂静的春天》中的警告，否则世界会变得很可怕，可见是非常担忧的。故选A。DTheprospectofrewardsusuallymotivatesus,butasignificantrewardcanhavetheoppositeeffect,resultinginunderperformanceunderpressure.Researchershavenowidentifiedapotentialbrainprocessbehindthisphenomenon.In2021,astudybyAdamSmoulderandhiscolleaguesatCarnegieMellonUniversityshowedthatevennon-humanprimates(灵长类动物)canfailtoperformwellwhenrewardsareabundant.Tobetterunderstandwhythishappens,thesameresearcherstrainedadifferentgroupofrhesusmonkeystoreachforasmallmovingtarget,whichrequiredfastandaccuratemovements,inexchangefordifferentquantitiesofsugarywater.Theyusedmicro-electrodes(微电极)torecordtheactivityofneurons(神经元)intheanimals’motorcortex,thebrainregionthatplansandperformsmovements.Theteamfoundthatindividualcellsinthisregionweresensitivetothesizeoftheexpectedrewardandadjustedtheirresponsesaccordingly--increasingtheiractivityinexpectationoflargerrewardsanddecreasingitwhentheyexpectedsmallerones.Whenlookingatthecoordinatedactivityoftheregion’scells,theresearchersalsofound,witheachofthemonkeys“upcomingreaches,neural”signalsforplannedmovementswereassociatedwithadistinctpatternofneuralactivitythatwasresponsibleforplanningthecompletionofthemovement.However,whenthemonkeysexpectedalargereward,thedifferencesbetweenthemovementsignalsinthemotorcortexdecreasedsignificantly.Themovementplanninginformationthatwascodedinthecellpopulationbrokedown,makingthepatternsthatwereassociatedwitheachpossiblemovementhardertodistinguishfromoneanother,saytheresearchers.Whythisoccurs,however,isunclear.“We’dreallylovetofindoutifit’sthedopamine(多巴胺)systemgoingoutoforderthatthrowsthemotorcortexoffbalanceatthekeymoment,”saysstudyauthorAaronBatistaattheUniversityofPittsburgh,Pennsylvania.Theresearchersexpectthatasimilarneurologicalbrainprocessoccursinpeople.“Withfurtherresearch,theresultsmaypointtowaysthatwecouldonedaywarnpeopleiftheymaybeabouttounderperformwhilestressed,”hesays.12.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Theaimoftrainingthemonkeysforplentifulrewards.B.Themethodofobservingtheneuronsinthemotorcortex.C.Thereasonsforrecordingmovementsinthemotorcortex.D.Theprocessofstudyingmonkey’sbrainactivitiesforrewards.13.Whathappenedwhenthemonkeysexpectedabundantrewards?A.Thepatternsoftheirmotorcortexaredistinguished.B.Thecellsintheirmotorcortexbrokedownsignificantly.C.Thesignalsintheirmotorcortexbetterplannedthenextreaches.D.Themovementsignalsintheirmotorcortexbecamemoresimilar.14.Whatmaythefutureresearchfocuson?A.Howdopaminesystemworks.B.People’sperformanceunderstress.C.Non-humanprimates’brainactivities.D.Howmotorcortexkeepsitsbalance.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MoreStress,BetterMovementsB.LargerRewards,PoorerPerformanceC.HowMotorCortexPlansOurPerformanceD.WhyRewardsAffectMovementPlanningintheBrain【答案】12.D13.D14.B15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家对猴子进行的一项实验，说明奖励越多，表现越差的实验结果。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Tobetterunderstandwhythishappens,thesameresearcherstrainedadifferentgroupofrhesusmonkeystoreachforasmallmovingtarget,whichrequiredfastandaccuratemovements,inexchangefordifferentquantitiesofsugarywater.Theyusedmicro-electrodestorecordtheactivityofneuronsintheanimals’motorcortex,thebrainregionthatplansandperformsmovements.”（为了更好地理解为什么会发生这种情况，同样的研究人员训练了另一组恒河猴去触摸一个小的移动目标，这需要快速准确的运动，以换取不同数量的糖水。他们使用微电极来记录动物运动皮层中神经元的活动，运动皮层是大脑中计划和执行运动的区域。）可知，为了弄清楚为什么过多的奖励会导致表现变差，研究人员训练猴子去进行实验，利用微电极来记录它们大脑的活动，即该段主要描述了研究猴子大脑活动的过程。故选D项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“However,whenthemonkeysexpectedalargereward,thedifferencesbetweenthemovementsignalsinthemotorcortexdecreasedsignificantly.”（然而，当猴子期望得到很大的奖励时，运动皮层中运动信号之间的差异显著减小。）可知，当猴子期待得到更多奖励时，他们的运动皮层中的运动信号差异显著减小，会变得更加相似。故选D项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Withfurtherresearch,theresultsmaypointtowaysthatwecouldonedaywarnpeopleiftheymaybeabouttounderperformwhilestressed”（随着进一步的研究，结果可能会指明一些方向——我们有一天可以警告人们是否他们在压力下也会表现不佳）可知，该研究未来的研究重点在于人类在压力状态下的表现。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“In2021,astudybyAdamSmoulderandhiscolleaguesatCarnegieMellonUniversityshowedthatevennon-humanprimatescanfailtoperformwellwhenrewardsareabundant.”（2021年，卡内基梅隆大学的亚当·斯莫尔德和他的同事进行的一项研究表明，即使是非人类灵长类动物，在奖励充足时也可能表现不佳。）并结合下文猴子实验的结果可知，本文主要说明了一个研究结果即奖励越多，表现越差。故选B项。第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Accordingtosomerecentresearch,healthy,stablefriendshipscanprotectagainstdepressionandanxiety,increaselifesatisfaction,andimprovehealth.Thosewhodon’thavestrongsocialconnections,meanwhile,haveariskofdisease.___16___.Howcantheyachieveit?Someexpertshavesharedtheirfavoritewaysasfollows.InvesttimeconsistentlyMakingtimeforthepeopleyoucareaboutandhavingsharedexperiencesplayanessentialroleindeepeningfriendships.___17___.Soyouaresupposedtoinvesttimeandeffort.Ifyoufindyoucontinuallyfailtoputintimewithyourfriends,addasectionforconnectiontoyourto-dolistandtakeaction.Getvulnerable.Onewaytogrowstrongerfriendshipsisallowingyourselftobeweak.Startbysharingsmallopinions,andthendiveevendeeperbytellingyourfriendswhatyou’recurrentlystrugglingwithandwhatscaresyou.___18___.Andeventually,youandyourfriendswillbeclosertogether.Mixinsomethingnew___19___.Thatgoesforbothconversationsandactivities.Carveoutmomentsofcommunicationthatyouandyourfriendsarefamiliarwith.Andbrainstormnewadventuresyoucantakeontogether,liketravelingtoyourshareddreamdestinationorjoiningasportteam.___20___Everyfriendshipwillunavoidablyarriveatsomesituationsthatareconcerning:thehighsandlowsinlifethataffecthowwelabelourrelationships.Wereyoutherewhenyourfriendsgotapromotionorwerediagnosedwithsomethingscary?Theanswerplaysalargeroleindetermininghowmuchyouvaluethatfriendship.Doremember:Yourcompanymatters.A.ValueyoursharedmemoriesB.ShowupfortheimportantmomentsC.PuttingnewenergyintofriendshipisanotherkeyD.Obviously,it’snecessaryforpeopletostrengthenfriendshipsE.YoumayfeellikeyouareburdeningpeopleifyouarevulnerableF.BeingvulnerableconveysthatyoulikeyourfriendsandtrustthemG.Researchsuggeststhatittakesover200hourstostrengthenfriendship【答案】16.D17.G18.F19.C20.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了巩固友谊的一些方法。【16题详解】根据上句“Thosewhodon’thavestrongsocialconnections,meanwhile,haveariskofdisease(与此同时，那些没有强大社会关系的人有患病的风险)”可知，增强友谊是非常的有必要的。D项：Obviously,it’snecessaryforpeopletostrengthenfriendships(显然，巩固友谊对人们来说是必要的)合乎题意。故选D。【17题详解】根据后句“Soyouaresupposedtoinvesttimeandeffort(所以你应该投入时间和精力)”由so可知，设空处和后句构成因果关系，说明加强友谊需要投入时间。G项：Researchsuggeststhatittakesover200hourstostrengthenfriendship(研究表明，加强友谊需要200多个小时)合乎题意。故选G。【18题详解】本段的中心句为“Onewaytogrowstrongerfriendshipsisallowingyourselftobeweak(建立更牢固友谊的一个方法是允许自己软弱)”，且根据上句“Startbysharingsmallopinions,andthendiveevendeeperbytellingyourfriendswhatyou’recurrentlystrugglingwithandwhatscaresyou(从分享一些小的观点开始，然后更深入地告诉你的朋友你目前在挣扎什么，什么让你害怕)”可知，设空处说明向朋友展示自己的脆弱说明了什么，F项：Beingvulnerableconveysthatyoulikeyourfriendsandtrustthem(脆弱表明你喜欢你的朋友并信任他们)承接上句，且呼应本段的中心句。故选F。【19题详解】根据后句“Carveoutmomentsofcommunicationthatyouandyourfriendsarefamiliarwith.Andbrainstormnewadventuresyoucantakeontogether,liketravelingtoyourshareddreamdestinationorjoiningasportteam.(挤出一些你和朋友都熟悉的交流时间。集思广益，你们可以一起进行新的冒险，比如去你们共同的梦想目的地旅行，或者加入一个运动队。)”说明为友谊注入活力的具体内容，C项：Puttingnewenergyintofriendshipisanotherkey(为友谊注入新的活力是另一个关键)合乎题意。故选C。【20题详解】设空处概括本段内容，为本段中心句。根据后文“Wereyoutherewhenyourfriendsgotapromotionorwerediagnosedwithsomethingscary?Theanswerplaysalargeroleindetermininghowmuchyouvaluethatfriendship.Doremember:Yourcompanymatters.(当你的朋友升职或被诊断出患有某种可怕的疾病时，你在场吗?答案在很大程度上决定了你对这段友谊的重视程度。记住：你的陪伴很重要。)”可知，设空处应为在重要的场合，陪伴很重要。B项：Showupfortheimportantmoments(在重要时刻出现)合乎题意。故选B。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项。AsIapproachthehospitalwearingmywhitecoat,Ilookjustlikeanyotherdoctor.ThatisuntilIputonmycurlyrainbowwig,bigrednose,andaddmynamebadge“DoctorLarryLaugh-Out-Loud”.Iwalkthroughthedoorsintothewaitingarea,wherethere’safamiliaratmosphereofboredomand___21___.Peoplesituncomfortablyonplasticchairs,lookingthrougholdmagazines,allofwhichhavebeenreadhundredsoftimespreviously.Anxiousparentsdowhattheycanto___22___nervousandcryingchildren.Inthemiddleofthisparticularscene,I___23___smallgirlwhoseankleistwiceitsnormalsize;Ispeakwiththeon-dutynurse,whotellsmethatLara’sparents___24___hertothehospitalaftershefelloffherbicycle.Sincegettinghere,Larahasspenthertimecryinginpain.Althoughit’sthedoctorsandnurseswhowilltreather___25___,it’smyjobtomakeherfeelbetter.Anyway,hospitalsweren’tspecially___26___forchildren.BeingaclowndoctormeansIcanhelppeopleby___27___them.Idomagictricks,singsongs,tellstoriesand,ofcourse,tellsillyjokesto___28___patientsandtheirfamilies.Andmymagicmedicinedoesindeedseemto___29___.WhilethedoctorconcentratesonexaminingLara’sankle.Igetherattentionbydoingamagictrick.Althoughsheisclearlystillinsomepain,herscaredandanxiouslookhasbeen____30____—firstbyasmallsmileandthenbyloudlaughterasI____31____producehersockfromoutofmypocket,Seeingtheirdaughtersomuchhappierhas_____32_____madeLara’sparentsmorerelaxed.Asforme,whenItakeoffmywigandmyrednose,I’mstillwearinga____33____,asIrememberallthefunandlaughteroftheday.WhiletheremightbemorehospitalvisitsaheadforLaraandothers,Ihopethatclowndoctorshelpmakeita____34____placetovisit.Afterall,itreallyistruethat“laughteristhebest____35____”.21.A.despair B.coldness C.loneliness D.tension22.A.encourage B.satisfy C.comfort D.reward23.A.rescue B.recognize C.acknowledge D.spot24.A.dragged B.rushed C.pushed D.forced25.A.allergy B.infection C.disease D.injury26.A.designed B.decorated C.funded D.equipped27.A.inspiring B.entertaining C.examining D.instructing28.A.havefunwith B.cheerup C.takecareof D.calmdown29.A.trick B.count C.work D.respond30.A.ignored B.affected C.replaced D.ruined31.A.surprisingly B.accidentally C.awkwardly D.cautiously32.A.atleast B.inparticular C.forinstance D.inturn33.A.smile B.mask C.frown D.coat34.A.moreefficient B.moreprofessional C.friendlier D.safer35A.language B.medicine C.reminder D.choice【答案】21.D22.C23.D24.B25.D26.A27.B28.B29.C30.C31.A32.D33.A34.C35.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者是医院的一名小丑医生，这天作者用魔术安慰了从自行车上摔倒的劳拉，劳拉的欢乐又缓解了她父母的情绪。作者希望小丑医生能让医院成为一个更友好的地方，毕竟，“笑是最好的良药”。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我穿过大门进入等候区，那里有一种熟悉的无聊和紧张的气氛。A.despair绝望；B.coldness寒冷；C.loneliness寂寞；D.tension紧张。根据后文“Peoplesituncomfortablyonplasticchairs,lookingthrougholdmagazines,allofwhichhavebeenreadhundredsoftimespreviously.(人们不舒服地坐在塑料椅子上，翻看旧杂志，这些杂志以前都被读过几百遍了)”以及上文提到是在医院里，所以是无聊和紧张的气氛。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：焦虑的父母尽其所能安慰紧张哭闹的孩子。A.encourage鼓励；B.satisfy满足；C.comfort安慰；D.reward奖励。根据上文“Anxiousparentsdowhattheycanto”指父母安慰紧张哭闹的孩子。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个特别的场景中间，我认出了一个小女孩，她的脚踝比平常大了一倍；我和值班护士交谈，她告诉我劳拉从自行车上摔下来后，她的父母赶紧把她送到了医院。A.rescue救援；B.recognize识别；C.acknowledge承认；D.spot发现。根据后文“Ispeakwiththeon-dutynurse,whotellsmethatLara’sparents”可知，作者事先了解过女孩的情况，所以认出了女孩。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这个特别的场景中间，我认出了一个小女孩，她的脚踝比平常大了一倍；我和值班护士交谈，她告诉我劳拉从自行车上摔下来后，她的父母赶紧把她送到了医院。A.dragged拖拉；B.rushed急忙；C.pushed推；D.forced迫使。根据后文“aftershefelloffherbicycle”可知，从自行车上摔下来被紧急送往了医院。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然是医生和护士来治疗她的伤势，但我的工作是让她感觉好一点。A.allergy过敏；B.infection感染；C.disease疾病；D.injury受伤。根据上文“aftershefelloffherbicycle”可知，劳拉从自行车上摔了下来，受伤了。故选D。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，医院不是专门为儿童设计的。A.designed设计；B.decorated装饰；C.funded资助；D.equipped配备。后文提到作者作为一名小丑医生，通过娱乐人们来帮助他们，即医院不是专门为儿童设计，短语bedesignedfor表示“为……而设计”。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名小丑医生意味着我可以通过娱乐人们来帮助他们。A.inspiring鼓舞；B.entertaining娱乐；C.examining检查；D.instructing指导。根据后文“Idomagictricks,singsongs,tellstoriesand,ofcourse,tellsillyjokes”可知，小丑医生的职责就是娱乐。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我变魔术，唱歌，讲故事，当然，讲一些愚蠢的笑话来让病人和他们的家人高兴起来。A.havefunwith和……一起玩乐；B.cheerup使高兴；C.takecareof照顾；D.calmdown平静下来。根据上文“Idomagictricks,singsongs,tellstoriesand,ofcourse,tellsillyjokesto”可知，变魔术，唱歌，讲故事以及讲笑话是为了让病人和家人高兴，故选B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的魔药似乎确实有效。A.trick欺骗；B.count计算；C.work工作，有效；D.respond回答。根据后文“firstbyasmallsmileandthenbyloudlaughter”可知，作者逗笑病人的办法有效。故选C。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然她显然还有些疼痛，但她害怕和焦虑的神情已被我的微笑所取代，我出乎意料地从口袋里拿出她的袜子时，她发出了爽朗的笑声。A.ignored忽视；B.affected影响；C.replaced取代；D.ruined毁灭。根据后文“firstbyasmallsmileandthenbyloudlaughter”指恐惧和焦虑被换了所取代了，故选C。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然她显然还有些疼痛，但她害怕和焦虑的神情已被我的微笑所取代，我出乎意料地从口袋里拿出她的袜子时，她发出了爽朗的笑声。A.surprisingly令人惊奇地，惊人地；B.accidentally意外地；C.awkwardly尴尬地；D.cautiously慎重地。根据后文“producehersockfromoutofmypocket”可知，作者从口袋里掏出了劳拉的袜子，令人惊奇。故选A。【32题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：看到他们的女儿如此快乐反过来又使劳拉的父母更放松了。A.atleast至少；B.inparticular尤其；C.forinstance例如；D.inturn依次，反过来。根据后文“madeLara’sparentsmorerelaxed”可知，孩子的笑声反过来让父母放松。故选D。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于我，当我摘下假发和红鼻子时，我仍然面带微笑，因为我记得那天所有的欢乐和笑声。A.smile微笑；B.mask口罩；C.frown皱眉；D.coat外套。根据后文“asIrememberallthefunandlaughteroftheday.”可知，作者因为带给他人快乐，摘下假发和红鼻子也仍然在微笑。故选A。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然劳拉和其他人可能会去更多的医院，但我希望小丑医生能让这里成为一个更友好的地方。A.moreefficient更有效率的；B.moreprofessional更专业的；C.friendlier更友好的；D.safer更安全的。根据上文可知，作者作为小丑医生给孩子们带去了欢乐，把医院变成更友好的地方。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，“笑是最好的良药”是真的。A.language语言；B.medicine药品；C.reminder提醒物；D.choice选择。呼应上文“mymagicmedicine”此处指“笑是最好的良药”。故选B。第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Recently,Chinesesocialmediaplatformshavebeendis