Unit1+Back+to+School+Grammar+and+usage 高中英语牛津译林版（2020）必修第一册

GrammarandusageSentenceelementsandsentencestructuresPage6本单元我们主要学习五大句型：1.Subject+Verb主语+谓语这是句子的最小单位这是的谓语是不及物动词Iagree.我同意如果不及物动词要加上谓语的话，必须跟一个介词Iagreewithyou.我同意你。Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures2.Subject+Verb+Predicative主语+系动词+表语Youarebeautiful.Iamsmart.Be动词是最简单的系动词。其他的系动词：Get,remain,become等等Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures3.Subject

+

Verb

+Object主谓宾Shemadeatable.make是谓语动词table是宾语，是动词make的承受者Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures4.Subject

+

Verb

+

Indirectobject

+Directobject主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语Shegavemeabook.Indirectobject间接宾语表示人Directobject直接宾语表示物再例如：Shebroughtmeagift.当然，这里也可以用直接宾语+介词+间接宾语Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures5.Subject

+

Verb

+

Object

+

Objectcomplement主语+谓语+宾语+宾补She

mademeveryhappy.Settinggoalsmakesyoumoreconfident.Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures接下来我们来讲一讲能作宾补的成分：1.

形容词作宾补：表示宾语的状态或者特征，例如：Ifoundthebookinteresting.（我发现这本书很有趣。）Shepaintedthewallswhite.（她把墙漆成了白色。）Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures2.

名词作宾补：表示宾语所属的类别、身份或者性质，例如：Theyelectedhimpresident.（他们选他当了总统。）Iconsiderhermyfriend.（我把她当成我的朋友。）Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures3.

介词短语作宾补：表示宾语的位置、方向、距离等信息，例如：Theycarriedtheboxtothetopofthehill.（他们把盒子运到了山顶。）Shedrovethecaracrossthebridge.（她开车通过了桥。）Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures4.

从句作宾补：表示宾语的结果、原因、意愿等，例如：Wemadehimunderstandwhatwemeant.（我们让他明白我们的意思。）Theteacheraskedusifwehaddoneourhomework.（老师问我们是否完成了作业。）Workingouttherules：Thesubjectandthe(1)____Verb______arenecessarypartsofasentence.•Atransitiveverbisalwaysfollowedbya(n)(2)____object_____________

Someverbscanhavetwoobjects.Theindirectobjectusuallyreferstoapersonandthedirectobjectathing.•Theobjectcomplementaddsmoreinformationabouttheobject.ApplyingtherulesPage7请你找出句子中以下的成分：Subject（主语）Verb（谓语）Object（宾语）Predicative（表语）complement（补语）Adverbial：（状语）Attributive：（定语）Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures例子：YouwillenjoyPersonal

growthathigh

school主语：you谓语：willenjoy宾语：personalgrowth定语：personal，high状语:athighschool.Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures你也来试试吧！Youwillfindseniorhighschooldifferentfromjuniorhighschool.Yourschoolworkwillbemorechallenging.Wewillgiveyoumoreindependence.Youshouldlistenmorecarefully.Youcanjoinaclub.Yourteacherswillhelpyouinmanyways.ouwillsucceed!ExtendedreadingLastyear,IhadthechancetostudyataBritishsecondaryschoolasanexchangestudent.去年，我有机会作为交换生到英国一所中学学习。haveachancetodosth有机会做某事也可以说haveanopportunitytodosthas是作为的意思anexchangestudent一名交换生ExtendedreadingIstayedwithalovelyhostfamilyandwenttoschoolwiththeirson,Daniel.我住在一个可爱的寄宿家庭，和他们的儿子丹尼尔一起上学。staywithsb和某人呆在一起hostfamily寄宿家庭gotoschool去上学ExtendedreadingWewerebothinyeartenandwegotonwell.HeislearningChineseandwillcometostaywithmethisyearinChina!我们都是十年级的学生，我们相处得很好。他正在学习中文，今年会来中国和我住在一起!both是表示两者，放在be动词的后面year

+数字表示几年级getonwell相处融洽ExtendedreadingTheBritishschooldaycommonlybeginsaround9a.m.andendsaround4p.m.EverysecondaryschoolstudentintheUKmuststudyEnglish,MathsandtheSciencesubjects:Biology,ChemistryandPhysics.英国人的上学时间通常在上午9点左右开始，下午4点左右结束。在英国，每个中学生都必须学习英语、数学和科学科目:生物、化学和物理。schoolday表示上学时间around表示大约secondaryschoolstudent中学生ExtendedreadingInyearten,studentsusuallyhavetolearnninesubjectsandtheycanalsochoosetostudyothersubjects,suchasHistory,ArtandBusiness.在十年级，学生通常要学习九门科目，他们也可以选择学习其他科目，如历史、艺术和商业。have

todosth不得不做某事choosetodosth选择做某事other表示其他的，后面通常加名词复数suchas+名词ExtendedreadingTheclassesaredifferentfromthoseinChina.Eachteacherhastheirownclassroom

andthestudentsmovearoundforeverylesson.Inmostofmyclasses,therewereonlyabout20students.Inthebeginning,however,itwasstilltoughformetoremembereveryone’sname!这些课程和中国的不一样。每个老师都有自己的教室，学生们每节课都在四处走动。在我的大多数课上，只有大约20名学生。然而，一开始，记住每个人的名字对我来说仍然很困难!bedifferentfrom与...不同thesameas与...相同move

around四处走动inthebeginning在一开始itis+adj+forsbtodosth对某人来说做某事是...样子的Extendedreading句子分析：TheclassesaredifferentfromthoseinChina.这句话中用those代替了theclasses是为了避免重复ExtendedreadingIenjoyedmostoftheclasses,butsomeofthemwerequitechallenging.Technologyclasseswere

fun.Imadeaclocktotakehome.Theteacherhelpedmeputthepartstogether.大部分课程我都很喜欢，但有些课程很有挑战性。技术课很有趣。我做了一个钟带回家。老师帮我把零件组装起来。enjoysth喜欢某事enjoydoingsth喜欢做某事challenging具有挑战性的takehome带回家helpsb(to)dosth帮某人做某事put...together把...放到一起ExtendedreadingIlikeitsomuchthatIstilluseitasmyalarm!IfoundMathsquiteeasyandenjoyablebecausethematerialwaslessadvancedintheUKthaninChina.However,learninginEnglishwasagreatchallengeforme.我非常喜欢它，我现在还用它当闹钟!我发现数学非常简单和有趣，因为英国的材料没有中国先进。然而，学习英语对我来说是一个巨大的挑战。IlikeitsomuchthatIstilluseitasmyalarm!So+adv+that的用法ExtendedreadingIfoundMathsquiteeasyandenjoyable我发现数学相当容易且有趣find+宾语+adj作宾补material指的是学习材料，通常不可数。Learninginenglishwasagreatchallengeforme.learninginenglish这句话是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词一定要用单数。ExtendedreadingTherewerealotofdifficultEnglishwords,especiallyinGeographyandBiology.ClassdiscussionisveryimportantintheUK,butIcouldnotmakeagreatcontributionbecausesometimesIwasn’tabletoexpressmyselfclearlyinEnglish.有很多难的英语单词，尤其是地理和生物。课堂讨论在英国是非常重要的，但我不能做出很大的贡献，因为有时我不能用英语清楚地表达我的意思。especially尤其是makeagreatcontribution作出贡献beabletodosth能够琢磨局势expressoneself表达自己ExtendedreadingAlthoughtherewasnotasmuchhomeworkasIwasusedto,itwasstillchallenging.Fortunately,myteachersandclassmateswerealwayshelpfulandgavemelotsofencouragement.Mylanguageskillsimprovedovertime.虽然作业没有我习惯的那么多，但仍然很有挑战性。幸运的是，我的老师和同学总是乐于助人，给了我很多鼓励。随着时间的推移，我的语言技能提高了。beusedtodoingsthusedtodosth过去常常做某事givesbsth=givesthtosbencouragesbtodosth鼓励某人做某事Over

time随着时间的推移

ExtendedreadingDuringthehour-longlunchtime,Iateintheschooldininghall.Therewerelotsofoptionsincludingbreadandbutter,chickenpieandpuddings,butIstillmissedmymum’scooking!在长达一小时的午餐时间里，我在学校的食堂里吃饭。有很多选择，包括面包和黄油，鸡肉派和布丁，但我仍然想念我妈妈做的!hour-long长达

一个小时的schooldinninghall学校食堂option选择ExtendedreadingAfterlunch,Ioftenplayedontheschool’shugesportsfieldwithDanielandhisfriends.Sometimeswejustrelaxedunderatreeorsatonthegrass.午饭后，我经常和丹尼尔以及他的朋友们在学校巨大的运动场上玩耍。有时我们只是在树下放松或坐在草地上。after在...以后sports

field学校运动场sitonthegrass坐在草地上ExtendedreadingAfterschool,thereweremanyclubstojoin.TheonethatattractedmemostwastheRugbyClub.Weplayedonceaweek,anditwasgreatfun.放学后，有很多俱乐部可以参加。最吸引我的是橄榄球俱乐部。我们每周玩一次，非常有趣。attractsb洗印某人onceaweek一周一次twiceaweek一周两次fun不可数havefundoingsth做某事很有趣ExtendedreadingAlso,IenjoyedactingintheTheat