高考英语复习+话题11：自然-基础知识

英语高考复习课件话题11：自然第1课时：基础知识LearningObjectives：1.通过对话题词汇归类，理解并识记自然话题词汇。2.掌握重点词汇的用法。Step1话题词汇1.天气Weatherclear,cloudless,light,fine,mild,bright,shine,sunshiny,hot,high,solar,tropical(热带的),cloud,cloudy,warm,warmth,dark,gloomy(阴暗的),decline,reduce,blow,breeze,cool,strong,wind,windy,lightning,damp/humid(潮湿的),pour,downpour/raincatsanddogs(倾盆大雨),mud,muddy,rainfall,storm,stormy,thunder,thunderstorm,wet,rainbow,chilly,freezing,freeze(froze,frozen),frost,frosty,hail(冰雹),ice,icy,snowy,sleet(雨夹雪),blizzard(暴风雪),snowfall,snowflake,cold,melt,mist(薄雾),fog,foggy,haze(霾),changeable,forecast,etc.2.气候/季节Climate&Seasonatmosphere,climate,season,spring,summer,autumn(fall),winter,etc.重点：天气及气候的表达3.天气影响Influenceaffect,influence,haveaneffect/impacton,blowdown,damage,endup,strike,shock,ruin,etc.4.自然灾害NaturalDisasterdisaster/catastrophe(灾难),desertification(荒漠化),drought(干旱),flood,hurricane,landslide(山体滑坡),sandstorm,tsunami(海啸),tornado(龙卷风),typhoon,erupt(喷发、爆发),violence,violent,etc.5.自然资源NaturalResourcesnaturally,waterresources,mineral(矿物质),botanical(植物的),species,abundant(丰富的),ample(充足的),shade(暗处、阴凉处),rare,shadow,numerous,etc.重点：辨识自然灾害及资源的名称6.地球环境Environmentjungle(丛林),habitat(栖息地),horizon,desert,ecosystem(生态系统),mountainrange(山脉),ecologicalbalance,surroundings,etc.7.环境污染与破坏Pollution&Damagepollute,waste,radiate,poison,expose,exposure,disturb,disturbing,abuse(滥用),violate(违反),smelly,severe,severely,pest(害虫),disastrous(灾难性的),emission(排放物),consumption(消费),deforestation(毁林),acidrain(酸雨),globalwarming,greenhouseeffect,carbon-dioxide,soilloss,climatechange,energycrisis,populationexplosion(人口激增),dueto,etc.重点：掌握环境污染与破坏的表达8.垃圾和各种废物Wastetrash,litter,garbage,rubbish,plastic,landfill(垃圾填埋场),greenhousegases,smog,etc.9.缺乏与过度开发Shortagelack,worsen,overdevelop,lessen,disappear,disappearance,endanger,short,shortage,extinct,extinction,excessiveexploitation(过度开发),etc.重点：掌握缺乏类保护类表达10.动植物保护与环境保护Protectionprotect,sort,absorb,balance,measure,rescue,reserve(保留),advocate(提倡),overcome,alarm,urgent,attitude,meaningful,reward,benefit,significance,fade(逐渐消失),evolution(进化),survive,survival,conservation,irrigation(灌溉),punish,punishment,harmony,garbageclassification(垃圾分类),etc.11.节约与循环利用Recycle&Reusereduce,recycle,reuse,circulate(循环),renewable(可更新的、可再生的),economize(节约),eco-friendly(环境友好的),low-carbon,alternativeenergy(新能源),environmental-friendly,environmentally-aware,etc.Step2单句填空1.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontotherarewildanimalsthatare___________(endanger).2.Theworld's________(resource)arefinite(有限的).3.Thelevelof________(pollute)intheriverwasfalling.4.Lifeintheforesthasbecomeastrugglefor_______(survive).5.Weshouldpayattentiontotheobvious_____________(disappear)ofcommondolphinsfromthewesternMediterraneaninrecentyears.6.Vietnamissufferingfromfood________(short).7.Suchadietiswidelybelievedtooffer__________(protect)againstanumberofcancers.8.Accurate____________(measure)isveryimportantinscience.9.Theydiscussedthestatistical___________(significant)oftheresults.10.__________(poison)chemicalscangetintothewatersupplyanddoharmtoourhealth.Step2单句填空1.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontotherarewildanimalsthatare___________(endanger).2.Theworld's________(resource)arefinite(有限的).3.Thelevelof________(pollute)intheriverwasfalling.4.Lifeintheforesthasbecomeastrugglefor_______(survive).5.Weshouldpayattentiontotheobvious_____________(disappear)ofcommondolphinsfromthewesternMediterraneaninrecentyears.pollutionendangereddisappearanceresourcessurvival考点：词形变化考点：名词复数考点：词形变化考点：词形变化考点：形容词修饰名词6.Vietnamissufferingfromfood________(short).7.Suchadietiswidelybelievedtooffer__________(protect)againstanumberofcancers.8.Accurate____________(measure)isveryimportantinscience.9.Theydiscussedthestatistical___________(significant)oftheresults.10.__________(poison)chemicalscangetintothewatersupplyanddoharmtoourhealth.protectionshortagemeasurementsignificancePoisonous

考点：名词修饰名词考点：词形变化考点：词形变化考点：词形变化考点：词形变化1.这次展览的主题是环境保护。（2016年全国II卷）2.如今，随着经济的发展，许多城市面临着严重的环境问题，这对人们的健康十分有害。3.该是我们人类采取适当的措施来维护生态平衡的时候了。4.更重要的是，每个公民都应该意识到问题的严重性，共同努力保护我们的环境。5.众所周知，因为各种原因越来越多的动物处于极大的危险中。Step3句子翻译1.这次展览的主题是环境保护。（2016年全国II卷）Thethemeoftheshowisenvironmentalprotection.2.如今，随着经济的发展，许多城市面临着严重的环境问题，这对人们的健康十分有害。2.Nowadays,withthedevelopmentofeconomy,manycitiesarefacedwithseriousenvironmentalproblems,whichdogreatharmtopeople’shealth.Step3句子翻译3.该是我们人类采取适当的措施来维护生态平衡的时候了。Itishightimethatwehumanbeingstook/shouldtakepropermeasurestokeepthebalanceofnature.4.更重要的是，每个公民都应该意识到问题的严重性，共同努力保护我们的环境。Moreimportantly,everycitizenshouldrealizetheseriousnessoftheproblemandmake

jointeffortstoprotectourenvironment.5.众所周知，因为各种原因越来越多的动物处于极大的危险中。Asisknown,anincreasingnumberofanimalsareingreatdangerforvariousreasons.

Step4：SummaryNature(Man&Nature)NaturalResourcesDisastersRespectReuseRecycleRescueReserveReduceAnimals&PlantsEnvironment阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。（2021年全国甲卷英语试题）PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈养).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It'sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”Step5

HomeworkTheadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogramme?A.Costly. B.Controversial. C.Ambitious. D.Successful.2.WhatdoesPaulBeersayaboutthenew-bornrhino?A.Shelovesstayingwithhermother. B.Shedislikesoutdooractivities.C.Sheisingoodcondition D.Sheissensitivetoheat.3.WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimahave?A.TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary. B.Theyenjoyedexploringnewplaces.C.Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers. D.Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung.4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPortLympneReserve?A.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.英语高考复习课件话题11：自然第2课时：题型专练（阅读理解+读后续写）LearningObjectives:1.理解文章意思；2.了解阅读理解的命题规律，并总结答题策略；3.结合三大主题语境，学习五种结尾方式，生动地写故事的精彩结尾。Part1Practice阅读理解PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈养).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She’shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It’sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”Step1Practice阅读理解PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈养).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It'sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”

Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogramme?A.Costly. B.Controversial. C.Ambitious. D.Successful.2.WhatdoesPaulBeersayaboutthenew-bornrhino?A.Shelovesstayingwithhermother. B.Shedislikesoutdooractivities.C.Sheisingoodcondition D.Sheissensitivetoheat.3.WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimahave?A.TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary. B.TheyenjoyedexploringnewplacesC.Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers. D.Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung.4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPortLympneReserve?A.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.Part1Practice阅读理解（2021年全国甲卷英语试题）PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈养).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe'reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She'shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It'sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebreedingprogramme?A.Costly. B.Controversial. C.Ambitious. D.Successful.2.WhatdoesPaulBeersayaboutthenew-bornrhino?A.Shelovesstayingwithhermother. B.Shedislikesoutdooractivities.C.Sheisingoodcondition D.Sheissensitivetoheat.ingoodcondition：状态很好细节理解归纳概括语篇研读语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然语篇话题：本文主要介绍在林姆尼港（PortLympne）保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。通过一月刚刚诞生的犀牛幼崽的故事，讲述保护区对保护黑犀牛做出的贡献和成效。

Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.3.WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimahave?A.TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary. B.TheyenjoyedexploringnewplacesC.Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers. D.Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung.细节理解4.WhatcanbeinferredaboutPort

LympneReserve?A.Therhinosectionwillbeopentothepublic.B.Itaimstocontrolthenumberoftheanimals.C.ItwillcontinuetoworkwiththeWorldWildlifeFund.D.Someofitsrhinosmaybesenttotheprotectedwildareas.推理判断wordbankbreeding n.繁育thearrivalof

......的到来captivity n.圈养explore v.探讨，探究adorable

adj.可爱的，讨人喜欢的；candidate

n.候选人，申请者；weigh

v.称……的重量；认真考虑，权衡；

weightn.重量，分量，reserve

v.预订；保留，预留；criticallyendangered

极度濒危的Step1DifferentEndings1.自然式结尾故事梗概：我的父亲文化程度不高，他从14岁起开始工作，他的劳动所得被祖父悉数拿去填补家用。八年级的暑假我去打了工，当得知我的收入也要被拿回家里贴补家用时，我非常不理解，觉得这样非常不公平……读后续写--精彩结尾Paragraph1:Thepayarrivedatlast.Paragraph2:Iunderstoodimmediatelywhatmyparentswereworriedabout.Ending:Dadnevercomplainedaboutunfairness!Heevenseemedtothinkthatwasfair.Ithought,“I’veonlyworkedfortwoweeks,buthowmanyyearsmyfatherhasworked!”Intheevening,Dadcameback.IproudlytookoutmyownmoneyandhandedittoDad.Summary:自然式结尾是指顺着原文思路完成，完成一件事，按自然趋势结束全文。自然式结尾给人单纯明快，水到渠成之感。Part

2读后续写2.呼应式结尾故事梗概：暑假的时候，父亲决定带我去WildWest度假。在那里，我们跟Paul叔叔待在一起，下午的时候，我和爸爸决定外出骑马，沿途风景迤逦，很快，叔叔的房子就消失在我们的视野范围里了……读后续写--精彩结尾Beginning:Itwassummer,andmydadwantedtotreatmetoavacationlikeneverbefore.HedecidedtotakemeonatriptotheWildWest.Paragraph1:

Suddenlyalittlerabbitjumpedoutinfrontofmyhorse.Paragraph2:

Wehadnoideawherewewereanditgotdark.Ending:NeverhadIhadsuchathrillingyetdangerousvacationbefore.ThespecialtriptotheWildWestwasdeeplyengravedinmymind.Summary:呼应式结尾是指续写文章的结尾与原文开头互相呼应，使文章的前后逻辑一致，不偏离主题，而且能唤起读者心理上的共鸣。3.留白式结尾故事梗概：一对双胞胎想在母亲节的时候给她们的妈妈准备自制的早餐。因为看过妈妈做早餐，双胞胎信心满满。然而，母亲节那一天，在厨房里手忙脚乱之后，理想的早餐并没有做出来，而此时的厨房，更是一团糟糕……Paragraph1：Asthetwinslookedaroundthemindisappointment,theirfatherappeared.Paragraph2：Thetwinscarriedthebreakfastupstairsandwoketheirmotherup.Ending:...Motherbitintoasandwichandsaiditwasthebestshehadevertasted.Jeffimmediatelywantedtohaveabite.Jennacaughtherfather’seyeandtheywinked(眨眼示意)ateachothersecretly.读后续写--精彩结尾Summary:留白式结尾是指不用逻辑思维的方式直截了当地表述，而是描述一个动作，一个变化，后面部分留白，给读者留下一个画面、一片想象的余地，从而达到言有尽而意无穷的效果。4.对话式结尾故事梗概：在儿子出门上大学之后，家里的狗Poppy情绪变得很低落。爸妈非常地担心。这时，妈妈提议买一只小狗回来陪伴Poppy。很快，爸妈就带着小狗回来了。随着箱子里的味道越来越清晰，Poppy的尾巴摇得越来越快……读后续写--精彩结尾Paragraph1:

Dadopenedtheboxandasweetlittledogappeared.Paragraph2：Afewweekslater,theboyarrivedhomefromuniversity.Ending：Suddenly,theboynoticedthelittledog.“Ohmygosh,whoisthis?”Hisparentslaughedatthelookofsurpriseonhisface.“It’sPoppy’snewcompanion,”saidMom.Summary:对话式结尾借对话点明中心或深化主题，语言生动，使结尾更灵动有活力。5.哲理式结尾故事梗概：去年三月，Margarito在拜访完妈妈之后驱车回家。临走时，黑云压城，母亲叮嘱他小心开车，到家之后要打电话报平安。回去路上，很快就下起了大雨。回家心切，Margarito越开越快。开到一条小溪前，Margarito还没有察觉到危险的到来。他决定正常开过去，就在这时，他的车陷进了河床之中，湍流的溪水迅速地灌进车里……就在这时，路过的Steve和Mike看到这一幕并迅速开展行动，Steve从他的后尾箱拿出一条绳子，然后……Paragraph1：Next,heturnedtoMikeandyelled,“Givemearock!”Paragraph2：MargaritowasabouttothankSteveandMikewhenthemobilephoneinhispocketrang.Ending:Hangingupthephone,heturnedtoSteveandMikeandsincerelythankedbothofthem.Coldastherainwas,greatwarmthfilledhisheartlikeneverbefore.读后续写--精彩结尾Summary:哲理式结尾以讨论作结，也就是在前文叙述的基础上发表评论，使文章主旨凸显。一、精彩结尾句式赏析1.Everytimewementionedthefunnyincidentsofthejourney,apleasantsmilewouldspread

overMom’sface.(动作类)2.Itwasthenarrowescapethatmadethemloveeachotherdeeperthanbefore.(情感类）3.Thatextraordinarymantaughtmeanimportantlifelesson.(哲理类)4.Manyyearshavegoneby,butwhenIlookedbacktothatday,Istillrememberthelessonhetaughtme.(感悟类)5.OnlythendidIrealizethatitwasbraverythatcanconquerwhateverdifficultycameintheway.(哲理类)6.Thatdaywassounforgettablethatitwouldstayinmymemoryforever.(情感类）7.Whatanunforgettableexperience!Itwouldsurelyberememberedinourwholelife.(感悟类)读后续写--精彩结尾Step2PolishingYourEndings1.“自救与他救”主题升华(人与自然)1.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。2.Perseveranceprevails.坚持就是胜利。3.Roses

given,

fragrance

in

hand.赠人玫瑰，手有余香。4.Somebodysometimesomewherewillshinealampofhope(希望的灯)foryou.5.Aminoractioncouldmakewonders.读后续写--精彩结尾二、主题升华哲理赏析1.Honestyisthebestpolicy.诚为上策。2.Asmallactofkindnesscanmakeabigdifference.3.Kindnessmakestheworldgoaround.友善让世界转动。4.Bethelightthatgiveslighttootherpeople.成为指引人前进的光。读后续写--精彩结尾2.“诚信与友善”主题升华(人与社会)1.Hardshipoftenprepareordinarypeopleforanextraordinarydestiny.2.Whenthegoinggetstough,thetoughgetsgoing.艰难之路，唯勇者行。3.Whatdoesn'tkillyoumakesyouafighter.4.Strugglebuildsupstrength.5.Afallintoapit,againinyourwit.吃一堑,长一智。6.Fearneverbuildsthefuture,buthopedoes.恐惧不会铸造未来，但是希望可以。读后续写--精彩结尾3.“逆境、成长、希望”主题升华(人与自我)Step3Howework请根据故事梗概及段落提示，为故事描述结尾。词数：40词左右。1.自然式结尾练习：故事梗概：我是学校讲故事大赛的两届冠军。今年我又作为首选参加了比赛。临近比赛，老师让我上台彩排，我以嗓子疼为由拒绝了，满心觉得这次比赛手到擒来。比赛当天，我是八号选手，在我前面的两位选手发挥得超级精彩，此时，我的信心开始崩塌，我的手心开始冒汗……Paragraph1:Soon,itwasmyturntotalk.Paragraph2:Finally,resultswereannouncedafterthecontest.Ending:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________读后续写--精彩结尾2.呼应式结尾练习：故事梗概：八月的一个晴朗的下午，我们一家人租