职称英语理工类部分阅读理解(一)

2013年职称英语考试试题理工类：AntsHaveBigImpacton

Environmentas“EcosystemEngineers”

2012-02-0713:59来源：职'业培训教育网我要纠错I打印收

藏1大I中I小

导语：元宵以后，2013年职称英语考试时间马上要来到！在历年的职称

英语考试中，专家进行分析，每年考试阅读中有很部分题目是来自职称英语

考试教材。为此，小编为考生整理了一些理工类教材里面的重点职称英语考

试试题供考生参考，希望对考生有帮助！祝学习愉快！

AntsHaveBigImpactonEnvironmentas“EcosystemEngineers”

ResearchbytheUniversityofExeterlhasrevealedthatantshave

abigimpactontheirlocalenvironmentasaresultoftheiractivity

as"ecosystemengineers"andpredators.Thestudy,publishedinthe

JournalofAnimalEcology,foundthatantshavetwodistincteffects

ontheirlocalenvironment.

Firstly,throughmovingofsoilbynestbuilding2activityandby

collectingfoodtheyaffectthelevelofnutrientsinthesoil.This

canindirectlyimpactthelocalpopulationsofmanyanimalgroups,from

decomposerstospeciesmuchhigherupthefoodchain.

Secondly,theypreyonawiderangeofotheranimals,including

largerpreywhichcanbeattackedbyvastnumbersofantworkers.

DirkSanders,anauthorofthestudyfromtheuniversity'sCentre

forEcologyandConservation,said:/zAntsareveryeffectivepredators

whichthriveinhugenumbers.They'realsoveryterritorialsandvery

aggressive,defendingtheirresourcesandterritoryagainstother

predators.Allofthismeanstheyhaveastronginfluenceontheir

surroundingarea.〃

〃Inthisresearch,westudiedforthefirsttimehowbigthisimpact

isandthesubtletiesofit.Whatwefoundisthatdespitebeing

predators,theirpresencecanalsoleadtoanincreaseindensityand

diversityofotheranimalgroups4.Theygenuinelyplayakeyrolein

thelocalenvironment,havingabiginfluenceonthegrasslandfood

web,〃Sanderssaid.

Thestudy,carriedoutinGermany,studiedtheimpactofthe

presenceofdifferentcombinationsanddensitiesofblackgardenants

andcommonredants,bothspecieswhichcanbefoundacrossEurope,

includingintheUK.Itfoundthatalowdensityofantsinanarea

increasedthediversityanddensityofotheranimalsinthelocalarea,

particularlythedensityofherbivoresanddecomposers.Athigher

densitiesantshadnoortheoppositeeffect,showingthatpredation

iscounteractingthepositiveinfluence.

DrFrankvanVeen,anotherauthoronthestudy,said:"Whatwefind

isthattheimpactofantsonsoilnutrientlevelshasapositiveeffect

onanimalgroupsatlowlevels,butasthenumberofantsincreases,

theirpredatoryimpactshavethebiggereffect一thereby

counteractingthepositiveinfluenceviaecosystemengineering.，z

Antsareimportantcomponentsofecosystemsnotonlybecausethey

constituteagreatpartoftheanimalbiomass5butalsobecausethey

actasecosystemengineers.Antbiodiversity6isincrediblyhighand

theseorganismsarehighlyresponsivetohumanimpact,whichobviously

reducesitsrichness.However,itisnotclearhowsuchdisturbance

damagesthemaintenanceofantservicestotheecosystem.Antsare

importantinbelowgroundprocesses8throughthealterationofthe

physicalandchemicalenvironmentandthroughtheireffectsonplants,

microorganisms,andothersoilorganisms.

词汇：

predator/'pred?t?/n.食肉动物

nutrient/'nju:tri?nt/n,营养物；adj.营养的

decomposer/,di:k?m，p?uz?/n.腐生物；分解体

prey/prei/v.捕食；n.被捕食的动物

subtlety/'s?tlti/n,微妙，精妙

herbivore/'h?:biv?:/n.食草动物

注释：

1.theUniversityofExeter：埃克斯特大学。1851年建校，位于英

国西南部重要商业中心埃克斯特市，是英国著名的传统大学之一。

2.nestbuilding：筑巢

3.territorial：领地的。在此用来形容蚂蚁的本性，即具有很强的领

地意识，并且会竭尽全力保卫自己的领地。

4.anincreaseindensityanddiversityofotheranimalgroups：

其他动物群体在数量和品种上的增长。

5.biomass：物质名词，由bio和mass两部分组成，意为"生物量”

“生物质”。

6.biodiversity：物质名词，由bio和diversity两部分组成，意为

“生物多样性”。

7.themaintenanceofantservicestotheecosystem：蚂蚁对生态

系统的维护作用。

8.belowgroundprocesses：土壤下面的（工作）过程，即影响生态

环境的过程。

练习：

1.Whyareantscomparedtoecosystemengineers?

ABecausetheybuildtheirownnests.

BBecausetheycollectfood.

CBecausetheiractivityaffectstheenvironment.

DBecausetheyarepredators.

2.Aspredators,ants

Apreyonsmallaswellaslargeanimals.

Bcollectnutritiousfoodfromthesoil

Ccollectfoodasdecomposers.

Dpreyonspeciesmuchhigherupthefoodchain.

3.DirSanders，studycenteredonhowants

Acanmanagetothriveinhugenumbers.

Bdefendtheirresourcesandterritoryagainstotherpredators.

Cattackthoseinvadinganimalsforsurvival.

Dproducesuchabigimpactontheenvironment.

4.Whatdoesparagraph6tellus?

AAntsbringaboutanegativeinfluencetoanareawhentheir

populationissmall.

BAntsbringaboutapositiveinfluencetoanareawhentheir

populationissmall.

CAnts，predationcounteractsthepositiveinfluencetheymayhave

onanarea.

DAthigherdensity,antsproduceapositiveinfluenceonanarea.

5.Whatstillremainsunclearaboutants,accordingtothelast

paragraph?

AWhatrolesdoantsplayintheecosysteminwhichtheylive?

BHowdoantsaffecttheanimaldiversityinagivenecosystem?

CHowdohumanactivitiesaffectants，influenceonagiven

ecosystem?

DHowdoantsalterthephysicalandchemicalenvironment?

答案与题解：

1.c短文的第一段提供了答案。A不是正确答案，因为并不是因为蚂蚁

会筑巢才被誉为生态系统工程师，而是因为它们筑巢和获取食物的方式改变

了土壤的营养水平，为整个食物链提供了很好的生态环境(见第二段)。

2.A答案能够从短文的第三段直接找到。该段告诉我们，蚂蚁的掠食范围

很广，甚至包括比它们体积更大的动物(largeranimals)。prey在这里

的意思是“捕猎，捕食”，作为动词，后面跟介词on或upon。

3.DDirkSanders说：“Inthisresearch,westudiedforthefirst

timehowbigthisimpactisandthe

subtletiesofit."(第五段)所以，D是正确选择。句中thesubtleties

ofit的意思是：蚂蚁对环境影响的精妙之处。

4.B短文第六段第二句的大概意思是，蚂蚁数量小(alowdensityof

ants)的话，能使其他动物的品种和数量增加(increasedthediversityand

densityofotheranimals),从而给环境带来积极影响；第三句说，如果

蚂蚁的数量大(Athigherdensities),就不可能产生同样的影响，或者是

相反的影响，这表明，蚂蚁的掠食活动会抵销蚂蚁给环境带来的积极影响。

第七段DrFrankvanVeen表达了大体相同的内容。

5.C最后一段的第二和第三句提供了答案。第二句告诉我们，蚂蚁极易

受人类的影响(theseorganismsarehighlyresponsivetohumanimpact),

第三句告诉我们，科学家还不清楚人类对蚂蚁这种干扰如何破坏蚂蚁对生态

系统的维护作用(”itisnotclearhowsuchdisturbancedamagesthe

maintenanceofantservicestotheecosystem.")。

ASunshadeforthePlanet

Evenwiththebestwilllintheworld,reducingourcarbonemissionsisnotgoingprevent

globalwarming.Ithasbecomeclearthatevenifwetakethemoststrongmeasurestocontrol

emissions,theuncertaintiesinourclimatemodelsstillleaveopenthepossibilityofextreme

wanningandrisesinsealevel.Atthesametime,resistancebygovernmentsandspecialinterest

groupsmakesitquitepossiblethattheactionssuggestedbyclimatescientistsmightnotbe

implementedsoonenough.

Fortunately,iftheworstcomestotheworse2,scientistsstillhaveafewtricksuptheir

sleeves3.Forthemostparttheyhavestronglyresisteddiscussingtheseoptionsforfearofinviting

asenseofcomplacencythatmightthwarteffortstotackletherootoftheproblem.Untilnow,that

is.Agrowingnumberofresearchersaretakingafreshlookatlarge-scaleugeoengineering

projectsthatmightbeusedtocounteractglobalwanning."Iusetheanalogyofmethadone4,

saysStephenSchneider,aclimateresearcheratStanfordUniversityinCaliforniawhowasamong

thefirsttodrawattentiontoglobalwanning,"Ifyouhaveaheroinaddict,thecorrecttreatmentis

hospitalization,andalongrehab.Butiftheyabsolutelyrefuse,methadoneisbetterthanheroin.

Basicallytheideaistoapplyusunscreentothewholeplanet.Oneastronomerhascomeup

witharadicalplantocoolEarth:launchtrillionsoffeather-lightdiscsintospace,wherethey

wouldformavastcloudthatwouldblockthesun'srays.It'scontroversial,butrecentstudies

suggesttherearewaystodeflectjustenoughofthesunlightreachingtheEarth,ssurfaceto

counteractthewarmingproducedbythegreenhouseeffect.Globalclimatemodelsshowthat

blockingjust1.8percentoftheincidentenergyinthesun'srayswouldcanceloutthewarming

effectsproducedbyadoublingofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Thatcouldbecrucial,

becauseeventhemostsevereeinissions-controlmeasuresbeingproposedwouldleaveuswitha

doublingofcarbondioxidebytheendofthiscentury,andthatwouldlastforatleastacentury

more.

注释：

1.thebestwill:监J好的愿望

2.iftheworstcomestotheworst:如果啊的糟糕的事情发生了。这是英式英语的用法，在

美式英语中它说成ifworstcomestoworsto在不同的语境中，有不同的译法。如：“Ifthe

worstcomestotheworst,“Beckythought,“myretreatissecure;andIhavetheright-handseat

inthebarouche."蓿基想道：“逼到日匀后一条路，逃难是不怕的了，在他的大马车里，我险

稳地有一个位了。“又如:Iftheworstcomestotheworst,we'Usellthecar.大不了我们把车

卖了。

3.scientistsstillhaveafewtricksuptheirsleeves:科学家们仍然有些不为人所知的招数。

havesomethingupone'ssleeve是英语成语，意思是：tohaveasecretideaorplan,有锦囊妙

计，有所保留的,秘而不宣的谋略或计划，例如:Ifthistripdoesn'tworkoutTvestillgotafew

ideasupmysleeve.

4.methadone:美沙酮，一种有效的合成麻醉药，它不像吗啡或海洛因那样容易让人上瘾，

在戒毒治疗中被用作这些毒品的替代品。练习：

1.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,theauthorthinksthatAstrongmeasureshavebeen

takenbythegovernmenttopreventglobalwarming.Btoreducecarbonemissionsisan

impossiblemission.Cdespitethedifficulty,scientistshavesomeoptionstopreventglobal

wanning.Dactionssuggestedbyscientistswillneverherealized.

2.Scientistsresisttalkingabouttheiroptionsbecausetheydon'twantpeopletoAknowwhat

theyaredoing.BfeeltheireffortsareuselessCthinktheproblemhasbeensolved.Dseethereal

problem.

3.WhatdoesStephenSchneidersayaboutaheroinaddictandmethadone?AMethadoneis

aneffectivewaytotreatahardheroinaddict.BMethadoneisnotacorrectwaytotreataheroin

addict.CHospitalizationtogetherwithmethadonecanworkeffectivelywithaheroinaddict.D

Methadoneandheroinarcequallyeffectiveintreatingaheroinaddict.

4.WhatisStephenSchneider'sideaofpreventingglobalwarming?AToaskgovernmentsto

takestrongermeasures.BToincreasethesunlightreachingtheEarth.CToapplysunscreentothe

Earth.DTodecreasegreenhousegases.

5.WhatisNOTtrueoftheeffectivenessof“sunscreen"，accordingtothelastparagraph?A

ItdeflectssunlightreachingtheEarthtocounteractthewarming.BItblockstheincidentenergy

inthesun'srays.CItisacontroversialmethod.DItdecreasesgreenhousegasesinthe

atmosphere.

答案与题解：

1.C短文第一段讲了防止地球变暧是一项艰巨的任务，第二段说，尽管如此，科学家

还是有些办法，所以C是正确选择。A是错误选择，因为作者认为政府和一些利益集团阻

碍了科学家所倡导的行动的实施：B不是作者的观点；D也不是正确选择，因为第一段的

啊后一句"mightnotbeimplementedsoonenough"并不表明永远不能实现。

2.C文章的第二段说，即使的糟糕的情况发生，科学家还是有几招的。但他们不希望

讨论他们的招数，因为恐怕人们不再有危机感而削弱彻底解决问题的努力。所以C是正确

选择。

3.A文章的第二段StehgenSchneider教授将自己解决地球变暖问题的办法比作美沙酮。

因为在瘾君子拒绝正常住院治疗时，服用美沙酮是••种缓解海洛因毒瘾的有效方法。所以A

是正确的选择。

4.C文章的后一段的第一个句子提供的答案。

5.D短文的后一段描述了“sunscreen”如何解决地球变暖问题。尽管有争议，但是研

究证明，“太阳屏”能反射和阻碍阳光，起到抵消由温室效应引起的地球升温。的后•段的

第三和第四句是理解这个问题的关键。D不是文章所表达的内容，所以是正确答案。

译文：

地球防晒霜

就算怀着最美好的愿望，仅仅减少二氧化碳的排放量还是不能制止全球变暖。很明显，

即便采取最强硬的措施来控制排放，气候的变化无常仍能导致极速变暖和海平面上升。另一

方面，受到政府和特殊利益群体的阻挠，气候学家往往不能将措施很快实施彻底。’

幸好，如果被逼上绝路，科学家们还有最后几招。在大多数情况下，他们拒绝讨论这些

施，害怕人们会因此沾沾门喜而使这个问题不能被彻底解决。至少目前是这样。越来越多的

研究者相信一项大型的地质丁程建设可用来抵御全球变暖。斯坦福大学的•位气象学家

StephenSchneider最早提出气候变暖这项议题的学者之一。他说：“我把它比作美沙酮。如

果你那里有一个海洛因瘾者，那么正确的治疗方法就是住院，接受长时间的康复治疗。拒绝

正常住院治疗，那服用美沙酮是一种缓解海洛因毒瘾的有效方法。”

总体思路是给地球也涂上防晒霜。一个天文学家突发奇想，想借此冷却地球：发射

亿万轻如羽毛的碟片进入太空形成巨大“云层”以阻碍太阳光。这个想法备受争议，但最近

的研究表明，有一些方法可以控制到达地球表面的阳光以抵消温室效应产生的气候变暖。全

球气候模型表明，阻断百之一点八的太阳能刚好可以抵消大气中双倍的温室气体所引起的气

候变暖现象。这个想法影响深远，因为即使采取最严格的控制气体排放措施，到本世纪末，

二氧化碳量仍会翻倍。并且这种情况将再持续至少一个世纪。

2012年职称英语考试阅读理解练习题供大家参考，祝学习愉快！

BatteriesBuiltbyViruses

Whatdochickenpox,thecommoncold,theflu,andAIDShaveincommon?They'reall

diseasecausedbyviruses,tinymicroorganismsthatcanpassfrompersontoperson.It'sno

wonder1thatwhenmostpeoplethinkaboutviruses,findingwaystosteerclearof2virusesis

what'sonpeople'sminds.

Noteveryonerunsfromthetinydiseasecarriers,though3.InCambridge,Massachusetts%

scientistshavediscoveredthatsomevirusescanbehelpfulinanunusualway.Theyareputting

virusestowork,teachingthemtobuildsomeoftheworld'ssmallestrechargeablebatteries.

Virusesandbatteriesmayseemlikeanunusualpair,butthey'renotsostrangeforengineer

AngelaBelcher,whofirstcameupwith5theidea.AttheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology

(MIT)inCambridge,sheandhercollaboratorsbringtogetherdifferentareasofscienceinnew

ways.Inthecaseofthevirus-builtbatteries,thescientistscombinewhattheyknowabout

biology,technologyandproductiontechniques.

Belcher,steamincludesPaulaHammond,whohelpsputtogetherthetinybatteries,and

Yet-MingChiang,anexpertonhowtostoreenergyintheformofabattery.nWe'reworkingon

thingswetraditionallydon'tassociatewithnature/saysHaminond.

Manybatteriesarealreadyprettysmall.YoucanholdA,CandDbatteries6inyourhand.

Thecoin-likebatteriesthatpowerwatchesareoftensmallerthanapenny.However,everyyear,

newelectronicdeviceslikepersonalmusicplayersorcellphonesgetsmallerthantheyearbefore.

Asthesedevicesshrink,ordinarybakerieswon'tbesmallenoughtofitinside.

Theidealbatterywillstorealotofenergyinasmallpackage.Rightnow,Belcher,smodel

battery,ametallicdiskcompletelybuiltbyviruses,lookslikearegularwatchbattery.Butinside,

itscomponentsareverysmall-sotinyyoucanonlyseethemwithapowerfulmicroscope.

Howsmallarethesebatteryparts?Togetsomeideaofthesize,pluckonehairfromyour

head.Placeyourhaironapieceofwhitepaperandtrytoseehowwideyourhairis-prettythin,

right?Althoughthewidthofeachperson,shairisabitdifferent,youcouldprobablyfitabout10

ofthesevirus-builtbatteryparts,sidetoside,acrossonehair.Thesemicrobatteriesmaychange

thewaywelookatviruses7.

词汇：

chickenpox水痘collaboratorn.合作者，协作者

microorganism江微生物pluckv.拔，摘，采

metallicadj.金属的

注释：

l.nowonder：不足为奇的，难怪

2.steerclearof：避开,绕开

3.though：意思为“然而，可是:在句中使用时通常放在句末。

4.Cambridge,Massachusetts：马萨诸塞州的剑桥市。本文第三段提到的theMassachusetts

InstituteofTechnology(MIT)inCambridge即指坐落于剑桥市的麻省理工学院。麻省理工学院

于1861年由著名自然科学家威廉•巴罗吉杰斯创立。这是美国的一所私立研究型大学，培

养高级科技人才和管理人才，是以理工科为主的、世界一流的综合性大学。

5.cameupwith：提出

6.A,CandDbatteries：A、C、D均为电池型号。

7.Thesemicrobatteriesmaychangethewaywelookatviruses：这些微型电池可能会改变我

们看待病毒的方式。作者想表达的意思是：人们一直认为病毒有害无益，现在病毒可用来制

作电池，人们对病毒的看法可能会因此而发生变化。

练习：

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peopletryto

A.killmicroorganismsrelatedtochickenpox,theflu,etc.

B.keepthemselvesawayfromvirusesbecausetheyareinvisible.

C.stayawayfromvirusesbecausetheyarecausesofvariousdiseases.

D.curethemselvesofvirus-relateddiseasesbytakingmedicines.

2.WhatisBelcher*steamdoingatpresent?

A.Itisfindingwaystogetridofviruses..

B.Itismass-producingmicrobatteries.

C.Itismakingbatterieswithviruses.

D.Itisanalyzingvirusgenes.

3.Whatexpressionbelowisoppositeinmeaningtotheword"shrink”appearinginparagraph

5?

A.Broaden.

B.Spread.

C.Extend.

D.Expand.

4.WhichofthefollowingistrueofBelcher*sbatterymentionedinparagraph6?

A.Itismadeofmetal.

B.Itisakindofwatchbattery.

C.Itcanonlybeseenwithamicroscope.

D.Itisametallicdiskwithvirusesinsideit.

5.Howtinyisonebatterypart?

A.Itswidthisonetonthofahair.

B.Itequalsthewidthofahair.

C.Itisasthinasapieceofpaper.

D.Itswidthistootinytomeasure.

答案与题解：

l.C短文第一段的大致意思是，许多疾病都由病毒引起，诸如水痘、感冒和艾滋病，所

以人们想尽办法躲避病毒。这是C所表达的意思。A不是正确选择，因为文章并没有说人

们想方设法去杀死病毒。B的后半句的内容（病毒肉眼看不见）和D的内容（吃药治疗病毒引

起的疾病）文中没有提到。

2.C短文的第二段明确提供了答案。

3.D根据上下文，shrink在此的意思是“收缩”，即"缩小"。所以，它的反义词是expand（增

大，扩张）。C不是正确选择，因为extend的意思是becomelonger,即“延伸”或“加长”。

A的意思是“加宽”，也不是答案。B的意思是“伸展，展开"，在一定的上下文里也可以做

shrink的反义词，但在第五段这个语境里，B不是最佳选择。

4.D第六段第二句中提到的metallicdisk是指“金属圆盘”，它是微型电池的外形，其

内部是由病毒构成的电池部件。微型电池不是山金属组成的，所以A不是答案。本段提到，

这种电池lookslikearegularwatchbattery,与手表里电池外形相似，但并不等同手表电池，

所以B也不是正确选择。文章只是说电池的部件（但并没有说整个电池）小到只能用显微镜才

能看到，所以C也不是正确的选择。D才是第六段所要表达的主要内容，因此是答案。

5.A短文最后一段的第四句（"youcouldprobablyfitabout10ofthesevirus-builtbattery

parts,sidetoside,acrossonehair")提供了本题的答案。

ExploreroftheExtremeDeep

Oceanscovermorethantwo-thirdsofourplanet.Yet,justasmallfractionoftheundcrwaler

worldhasbeenexplored.Now,ScientistsattheWoodsHolelOceanographicInstitution(WHOI)

inMassachusettsarebuildinganunderwatervehiclethatwillcarryexplorersasdeepas6,500

meters(21,320feet).Thenewmachine,knownasamannedsubmersibleorhuman-operated

vehicle(HOV),willreplaceanotheronenamedAlvin2whichbasanamazingrecordof

discovery,playingakeyroleinvariousimportantandfamousunderseaexpeditions.Alvinhas

beenoperatingfor40yearsbutcangodownonly4,500meters(14,784feet).It*sabouttimeforan

upgrade,WHOIresearcherssay.

Alvinwaslaunchedin1964.Sincethen,Alvinhasworkedbetween200and250daysayear,

saysDanielFomari,amarinegeologistanddirectoroftheDeepOceanExplorationInstituteat

WHOI.Duringitslifetime,Alvinhascarriedsome12,000peopleonatotalofmorethan3,000

dives.Anewer,betterversionsofAlvinisboundtorevealevenmoresurprisesahoutaworldthat

isstillfullofmysteries,Fornarisays.ltmightalsomakethejobofexplorationalittleeasier."We

takesomuchforgrantedonland,“Fornarisays."Wecanwalkaroundandseewithoureyeshow

bigthingsare.Wecanseecolors,specialarrangements.

Size-wise,thenewHOVwillbesimilartoAlvin.lt"11beabout37feetlong.Thesettingarea

insidewillbeasmallsphere,about8feetwide,likeAlvin,iVIIcarryapilotandtwopassengers.lt

willbejustasmaneuverable.Inmostotherways,itwillgivepassengersmoreopportunitiesto

enjoytheview,foronething.Alvinhasonlythreewindows,thenewvehiclewillhavefive,with

moreoverlapsothatthepassengersandthepilotcanseethesamething.

Alvincangoupanddownatarateof30meterseverysecond,anditsmaximumspeedis2

knots(about2.3milesperhour),whilethenewvehiclewillbeabletoascendanddescendat44

meterspersecond.ltJ11reachspeedsof3knots,or3.5milesperhour.

词汇：

fraction/5fteAkFEn/n.一部分dive/daiv/v.&n.潜水;跳水

underwater/5QndE5wC:tE(r)/adj.bound/baund/adj.受约束的，一定的

水下的;adv.在水下

sphere/sfiE(r)/n.球体;范围manned/5mAnd/adj.载人的

maneuverable/mE5nu:vErEbl/adj.undersea/5QndEsi:/adj.海底的

机动的，可调动的submersib可sQb5mE:sEbl/n.潜艇;潜水器

overlap/5EuvE51Ap/v.&n.重叠upgrade/5Qp八reid/n.升级

ascend/E5send/v.上升geologist/dVi5ClEdVist/n.地质学家

注释：

1.WoodsHole：美国马萨诸塞州的一个渔村，但同时拥有许多重要研究机构，如：the

MarineBiologicalLaboratory,theSeaEducationAssociation以及theWoodsHole

OceanographicInstitutiono

2.Alvin：世界上第一个深海潜水器，它最有名的深海探测包括1986年对泰坦尼克号残

骸的测量工作。

练习：

1.WhatisAlvin?

AAresearchinstitute.

BAtransportingvehicle.

CAsubmersible.

DAscientist.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTafactaboutAlvin?

Ahcancarryexplorersasdeepas6,500meters.

BIthasplayedakeyroleinvariousimportantunderseaexpeditions

CItwaslaunchedinthesixtiesofthetwentiethcentury.

DIthasbeenusedformorethan40years.

3.”…aworldthatisstillfullofmysteriesvrefersto

Atheearth.

Boutspace.

Ctheocean.

DMars.

4.InwhataspectsarethenewHOVandAlvinsimilar?

ASize.

BSpeed.

CCapacity.

DShape.

5.InwhataspectsarethenewHOVandAlvindifferent?

AOfferingbetterviews.

BSpeed.

CSize.

DBothAandB.

FloridaHitbyColdAirMass

InJanuary,2003,theeasterntwo-thirdsoftheUnitedStateswasatthemercyofa

bitterlycoldairmassthathasendangeredFloridarscitrustrees,chokednorthernharborswithice

andleftbewilderedresidentsofNorthCarolina*sOuterBanksdiggingoutofuptoafootofsnow.

TheicechilldeepenedastemperaturesfelltothesingledigitsinmostoftheSouth,

withanunfamiliardipbelowthefreezingmarkasfarsouthaspartsofinteriorSouthFlorida.

TemperaturesinFloridaplunged,withWestPalmBeachdroppingtoarecordlowof2degrees.

“Wecouldn'tbelievehowcolditwas,“saidMartinKing,whoarrivedthisweekin

OrlandofromEngland,“webroughtshorts,T-shirt,andIhadtogooutandbuyanothercoat.”

ThetemperatureplungeposedathreattoFloridaJsUSS9.1billion-a-yearcitruscrop,

moreofwhichisstillonthetrees.Growerswerehurryingtoharvestasmuchofthefruitas

possiblebeforeitwasdamagedbycold.

“Timeisoftheessenceingettingfruittotheplant,saidTomRogers,acitrusgrowerwho

expectedtoseedamagetoorangesandgrapefruitatthattime.

InFlorida,GovernorJebBushsignedanemergencyordertoeliminatetheweightlimit

ontruckssocitrusgrowerscouldgetasmuchfruittomarketaspossible.

CaseyPace,aspokeswomanforFloridaCitrusMutual,saidgrowershadsprayedtrees

withsprinklers,whichcreatedalayeroficeandhelpedmaintainatemperaturenearfreezing.

Citrustreesareconsideredindangerofdamageifthetemperaturedropsbelowminus2degrees

Celsiusforfourhoursormore.Snowrangingfromadustingtoupto30centimetersblanketedthe

Carolinas,TennesseeandpartsofVirginia.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmeantinthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.ThecoldairmasswasathreattoFlorida*scitruscrop.

B.ThetemperatureintheUnitedStatesexcepttheSouthdroppedbelowthefreezingmark.

C.Thenorthernharborswereblockedwithice.

D.TheeasterntwothirdsoftheUnitedStateswashitbycoldairmass.

2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,inwhicharea(s)didthetemperaturefallbelowzero?

A.Mostofthesouth.

B.PartsofinteriorSouthFlorida.

C.WestPalmBeach.

D.Alloftheabove.

3.King'sstatementthat“Webroughtshorts,T-shirt,andIhadtogooutandbuyanother

coat,“showsthat

A.hewascaughtbythesuddencold.

B.heneededformalclothes.

C.fashioninFloridaistempting.

D.FloridaishowcomparedwithEngland.

4.GovernorJebissuetheemergencyorderbecausehe

A.thoughtspeedlimitfortnickswasunreasonable.

B.triedtoimprovedthetrafficconditionoftheexpressways.

C.wantedtoencouragetruckstotransportasmuchfruittomarketaspossible.

D.wantedtostoptrucksfromcarryingtoomuchfruittomarket.

5.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Sprinklerswereusedtoprotectcitrustreesfrombeingdamaged.

B.Citrustreeswouldbedamagedifthetemperaturedropsbelowminus2℃fbrfourhours.

C.TheCarolinas.TennesseeandpartsofVirginiawerecoveredwithsnow.

D.FloridaCitrusMutualsprayedtreeswithsprinklersfbrcitrusgrowers.

答案与解释：

1.A第二段中就有冷气团侵袭到mostoftheSouth,所以，B是不符合原意的。

2.B…withanunfamiliardipbelowthefreezingmarkasfarsouthaspartsofinterior

SouthFlorida.在南至南佛罗里达州腹地的一些区域，气温前所未有地降至冰点以下这句话说

明B是正确选项。在mostoftheSouth,气温降至10℃以下，在WestPalmBench,气温虽

然降至历史购低，但有2℃。

3.A佛罗里达位于炎热的南方。King只带了短裤、T恤。到了佛罗里达，寒潮

来了，他只好去买御寒衣服。

4.C第六段中"JebBushsignedanemergencyordertoeliminatetheweightlimiton

truckssocitrusgrowerscouldgetasmuchfruittomarketaspossible.r,这个句子提供了答案。

5.D选项A、B、C文章中都提到，而且，A、B、C的内容都符合原意，唯有D

不正确。因为，文章中只是说FloridaCitrusMutual（佛罗里达柑橘互助协会）通报了柑橘种

植人采取的防冻措施，并没有说这个协会自己采取了防冻措施。

译文：

第十二篇纳佛罗里达遭受冷气团袭击

2003年1月，美国东部2/3的地区处于强冷空气团的控制下，强冷空气团给佛罗里达的

柑橘树造成了危胁，同时也使北部的港口被冰冻结。冷空气团让北卡罗来纳州沿岸地区的居

民不知所措，不停地铲着尺把深的积雪。

当南方部分地区的气温降到个位数时，冰雪带来的寒意加深了，从南方的大部分地区直

到南佛罗里达的腹地地区，气温前所未有地骤降至冰点以下。气温在佛罗里达骤降，西棕檎

海岸的气温创纪录地降至2度。

“我们不能相信有那么冷”，这周刚从英国来到奥兰多的马丁•金说，“我们买了运动裤、

T恤，但我还不得不出去买件大衣

气温的骤降对佛罗里达每年价值91亿美元的柑橘产量造成了危胁，大部分的柑橘还未

采摘，果农们正赶着在柑橘被冻坏之前尽可能地多采些。

“时间对柑橘成熟是非常重要的，”果农汤姆•罗根斯说，他预计冷空气