10年高考英语真题分项详解（2010~2020）全套

10年高考英语真题分项详解（2010~2020）（2017年6月，天津卷）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Intheyearsofmygrowingup,Dadwasstrictwithme.HemadesureImademybedanddidmyhomework.Hewouldcallinadvancetomakesuretherewasnoalcoholattheparty.Igotsoangrywithhimforlayingdownthelaw.Iwouldscream,“Ihateyou!”Dadwouldyellback,“Good!Idon’tcare!”DeepdownIknewhedid.Onetimeataparty,Idranktoomuchalcoholandgotsosick.Isaid,“Callmydad.”Nextthing,Dadwascarryingmetothecar.Iwokeupthenextmorning,thinkingIwoulddefinitelybecriticised.Asexpected,

Igotaroasting,butInowunderstandwhyIneeddiscipline.Dadwas29whenhegothisbigrolesinfilms.Ihadanearlystartattheageofninewitharoleina1990sTVseries,butitwasn’tuntilIfinishedfilmstudiesthatIpursuedmycareerasanactress.LikethoseearlydaysforDad,Ifacedlotsofrejections.Workinginsuchacompetitiveindustry,I’vesometimesthought,“Ican’tdothisanymore.”Once,afteratriptoHollywood,IreturnedtoAustraliasodepressedandspentmonthsinmybedroompainting,listeningtoEckhartTolle’smusicandtryingtofindmyselfagain.Dadsatmedownandsaid,“Alice,Iknowit’shard,butit’sallaboutpersistence(坚持不懈).”NowIgettoworkwithDadalot,whichIlove.Webothpassionateaboutacting,whichcomesfromusbeingsointerestedinpeople.Ifitweren’tforDad,Iwouldn’tbewhereIamtoday.He’smybiggestfan,andwhenyouhavethatinyourlifeyoucangoalongway.36.WhatrulesdidAlice’sfathersetforherwhenshewasgrowingup?(nomorethan15words)37.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mean?(nomorethan5words)38.WhatdidAlice’sfatherdowhenshefeltdepressed?(nomorethan5words)39.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatdoAliceandherfatherhaveincommon?(nomorethan10words)40.WhatdoyouthinkofAlice’sfather?Pleaseexplain.(nomorethan20words)【答案】36.Sheshouldmakeherbed,doherhomeworkanddrinknoalcohol.Or:Makingherbed,doingherhomeworkanddrinkingnoalcohol.37.Igot/wascriticised/scolded.38.Heencouraged/comforted/inspiredher.39.Theyarebothpassionateaboutactingandinterestedinpeople.40.Heisagood/devoted/caring/lovingfatherbecausehewasstrictwithhisdaughterandencouragedherwhenshewasintrouble.Or:Heisalwayssupportive/asourceofstrength.Wheneversheisintrouble,heisthereforher.【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个严父、慈父对女儿的教育培养以及对女儿的影响。36.试题分析：根据文章第一段的句子HemadesureImademybedanddidmyhomework.Hewouldcallinadvancetomakesuretherewasnoalcoholattheparty.Igotsoangrywithhimforlayingdownthelaw.I,可知作者爱丽斯的父亲给他制定了铺床，做作业和不许喝酒的规章制度。37.试题分析：根据文章第二段划线句子前面的内容：Dadwas29whenhegothisbigrolesinfilms.Ihadanearlystartattheageofninewitharoleina1990sTVseries,butitwasn’tuntilIfinishedfilmstudiesthatIpursuedmycareerasanactress.LikethoseearlydaysforDad,可以判断出我和父亲早年的时候一样，面对了许多次的拒绝，即受到了批评。38.试题分析：根据文章第一段内容Once,afteratriptoHollywood,IreturnedtoAustraliasodepressedandspentmonthsinmybedroompainting,listeningtoEckhartTolle’smusicandtryingtofindmyselfagain.Dadsatmedownandsaid,“Alice,Iknowit’shard,butit’sallaboutpersistence(坚持不懈).”可以判断出在爱丽斯感到精神不振的时候，父亲鼓励或者安慰或者激励了她。39.试题分析：根据文章最后一段中Webothpassionateaboutacting,whichcomesfromusbeingsointerestedinpeople.可以判断出爱丽斯和她的父亲的共同点就是对演艺事业充满了激情，对人们感兴趣。40.试题分析：根据文章的内容和最后一段的句子Dadwasstrictwithme.HemadesureImademybedanddidmyhomework.Hewouldcallinadvancetomakesuretherewasnoalcoholattheparty.和Asexpected,Igotaroasting,butInowunderstandwhyIneeddiscipline.可知，爱丽斯的父亲对女儿严格要求是一个严父。和第四段内容Once,afteratriptoHollywood,IreturnedtoAustraliasodepressedandspentmonthsinmybedroompainting,listeningtoEckhartTolle’smusicandtryingtofindmyselfagain.Dadsatmedownandsaid,“Alice,Iknowit’shard,butit’sallaboutpersistence(坚持不懈).”可以判断出爱丽斯的父亲对女儿的关爱和鼓励，所以判断出爱丽斯的父亲是一个好父亲，是女儿力量的源泉。9.（2016年6，上海卷）Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Walkingwillbebannedonescalatorsaspartofatraildesignedtoreducecongestion(拥堵)atsomeofthecountry’sbusieststations.Inthefirstmoveofitskind,alltravelerswillbeforcedtostandonbothsidesofescalatorsontheLondonUndergroundaspartofaplantoincreasecapacity(容量)attheheightoftherushhour.Asix-monthtrialwillbeintroducedatHolbornstationfrommid-April,eliminatingtheruleofstandingontherightandwalkingontheleft.Themove,imitatingasimilarstructureinFareasterncitiessuchasHongKong,isdesignedtoincreasethenumberofpeopleusinglongescalatorsatthebusiesttimes.ItcouldbeexpandedacrosstheTubenetworkincomingyears.AccordingtoLondonUnderground,only40percentoftravelerswalkthefulllengthoflongescalators,leavingthemajorityatthebottomastheywaittogetontothe＂standing＂side.Athree-weektrialatHolbornlastyearfoundthatthenumberofpeopleusingescalatorsatanytimeofcouldberaisedbyalmostathird.PeterMcNaught,operationsdirectoratLondonUnderground,said:＂Itmaynotseemrightthatyoucangoquickerbystandingstill,butourexperimentsatHolbornhaveprovedthatitcanbetrue.Thisnewsix-monthtrialwillhelpusfindoutifwecaninfluencecustomerstostandonbothsidesinthelongterm.＂HolbornhasoneofthelongestsetsofescalatorsontheUndergroundnetworkat23.4high.Tubebossesclaimthatcapacitywaslimitedbecausesofewpeoplewantedtowalkup—meaningonlyonesidewasusedatalltimes.Researchhasshownthatitismoreeffectiveuseofescalatorsover18.5tobanwalking.Theprevioustrialfoundthatescalatorsatthestationnormallycarried2,500peoplebetween8:30amand9:30amonatypicalday,risingto3,250duringtheresearchingperiod.Inthenewtrial,whichwillbelaunchedfromApril18,oneofthree＂up＂escalatorswillbestandingonly,withasecondbanningwalkingatpeaktimes.Athirdwillremainamixofwalkingandstanding.(Note:AnsweringthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS.)41.Whatistheexistingproblemwithstandingontherightandwalkingontheleft?42.Whatdidlastyear’sthree-weektrialatHolbornstationprove?43.Theresearchsuggeststhatwalkingshouldbeforbiddenonescalatorsthatareatleast_________inheight.44.Inthenewtrail,inadditiontooneescalatorbanningwalkinginrushhours,theother＂up＂escalatorswillbeusedfor_________________.【答案】41.Thecapacityofescalatorshasn’tbeenmadefulluseof.42.Passengerscangoquickerbystandingstill.43.18.5m44.standingonlyandamixofwalkingandstanding【解析】本文属于议论文，禁止人们在电子扶梯上走动，并让所有的乘客站在扶梯的两边，这种做法增加了电子扶梯的容量，文章就此内容展开讨论。41.推理判断题。根据第二段Inthefirstmoveofitskind,alltravelerswillbeforcedtostandonbothsidesofescalatorsontheLondonUndergroundaspartofaplantoincreasecapacity(容量)attheheightoftherushhour.所有的游客将被迫站在电子扶梯的两边，以增加电子扶梯的载客量，减轻高峰期的交通压力。也就是说原来的方法并没有充分利用好电子扶梯的容量。42.细节理解题。根据第五段第一句Athree-weektrialatHolbornlastyearfoundthatthenumberofpeopleusingescalatorsatanytimeofcouldberaisedbyalmostathird.可知在Holborn进行的为期的三周的测试发现乘客们不在电子扶梯上走来走去，实际上让使用电子扶梯的乘客的人数多了三分之一。43.细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句Researchhasshownthatitismoreeffectiveuseofescalatorsover18.5tobanwalking.可知静止乘客步行的电子扶梯最好的长度是超过18.5米。44.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Inthenewtrial,whichwillbelaunchedfromApril18,oneofthree＂up＂escalatorswillbestandingonly,withasecondbanningwalkingatpeaktimes.Athirdwillremainamixofwalkingandstanding.可知三个向上的电子扶梯中有一个在高峰期禁止行走，一个只能站立，第三个既可以站在上面也可以在上面步行。10.（2015年，天津卷）阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。Sixdaysaweek,upanddowntheredhillsofnortheastGeorgia,mygrandfatherbroughtthemailtothefolksthere.Atage68,heretiredfromthepostoffice,butheneverstoppedservingthecommunity.Onhis80thbirthday,Isenthimaletter,notingthethingsweallshouldbethankfulfor—goodhealth,goodfriendsandgoodoutcomes.Bymostmeasurementshewasahappyman.ThenIsuggesteditwastimeforhimtoslowdown.Atlonglast,inacomfortablehome,withagenerouspension,heshouldlearntotakethingseasy.“Thankyouforyournicewords,”hewroteinhisletterback,“andIknowwhatyoumeant,butslowingdownscaresme.Lifeisn’thavingitmade;it’sgettingitmade.”“Thefinestandhappiestyearsofourliveswerenotwhenallthedebtswerepaid,andalldifficultexperienceshadpassed,andwehadsettledintoacomfortablehome.No.Igobackyearsago,whenwelivedinathree-roomhouse,whenwegotupbeforedaylightandworkedtillafterdarktomakeendsmeet.Irarelyhadmorethanfourhoursofsleep.ButwhatIstillcan’tfigureoutiswhyInevergottired,neverfeltbetterinmylife.Iguesstheansweris,wewerefightingforsurvival,protectingandprovidingforthoseweloved.Whatmattersarenotthegreatmoments,butthepartialvictories,thewaiting,andeventhedefeats.It’sthejourney,notthearrival,thatcounts.”Theletterendedwithapersonalrequest:“Boy,onmynextbirthday,justtellmetowakeupandgetgoing,becauseIwillhaveonelessyeartodothings—andtherearetenmillionthingswaitingtobedone.”ChristinaRossetti,anEnglishpoet,oncesaid:“Doestheroadwinduphillalltheway?Yes,totheveryend.”Today,at96,

mygrandfatherisstillonthatlongroad,climbing.45.Whatwastheauthor’sgrandfatherbeforeheretired?(nomorethan5words)46.Whatdidtheauthoradvisehisgrandfathertodoinhisletter?(nomorethan10words)47.Whatisthegrandfather’sviewonlifeaccordingtohisletterback?(nomorethan10words)48.Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraph?(nomorethan10words)49.Doyouagreewiththegrandfather’sviewonlife?Givereasonsinyourownwords,(nomorethan20words)【答案】45.Hewasapostman.Or:Heworkedinapost-office.46.Headvisedhimtoslowdown(andtakethingseasy)./Headvisedhe/hisgrandfather(should)slowdown.47.Theprocessismoreimportantthantheresult.Or:Amanshouldnotslowdownhoweveroldheis.Or:Lifeisn'thavingitmade;it'sgettingitmade./It'sthejourney,notthearrivalthatcounts.48.My/His/Thegrandfatherisstillbusydoingmeaningfulthings.Or:Thegrandfatherisstilllivinganactivelife.Or:Thegrandfatherisstillinvolvedinwhateverhecando.49.Yes.Oneshouldalwaysbefullofpassioninhislifenomatterhowoldheis.Or:PeopleshouldmakefulluseoftheirtimetodosomethingmeaningfulNo.Itismoresensibleforpeopletoslowdownandenjoyaneasylifeintheiroldage.Or:Slowingdowncontributestobetterhealthandlongerlifeforpeopleinoldage.【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者的爷爷曾经是名邮寄员，然而退休之后一直忙于做一些有意义的事情。作者写信给爷爷让他多休息休息，但爷爷回信说他任然坚持他的忙碌的生活。45.细节理解题。根据文章第一段Atage68,heretiredfromthepostoffice可知，68岁时，他从邮局退休。故回答为：Hewasapostman.Or:Heworkedinapost-office.46.细节理解题。根据文章第二段ThenIsuggesteditwastimeforhimtoslowdown.可知作者在信中建议他爷爷放慢速度。故回答为：Headvisedhimtoslowdown(andtakethingseasy)./Headvisedhe/hisgrandfather(should)slowdown.47.细节理解题。根据文章第四段It’sthejourney,notthearrival,thatcounts可知，重要的是旅程，而不是到达。故回答为：Theprocessismoreimportantthantheresult.Or:Amanshouldnotslowdownhoweveroldheis.Or:Lifeisn'thavingitmade;it'sgettingitmade./It'sthejourney,notthearrivalthatcounts.48.词句猜测题。根据第一段“Atage68,heretiredfromthepostoffice,butheneverstoppedservingthecommunity.”68岁时，他从邮局退休，但他从未停止过为社区服务。根据第三段“Lifeisn’thavingitmade;it’sgettingitmade.”生活不只是拥有,而是去创造。根据上下文的语境可以判断出，划线词的意思“他爷爷仍然在忙于做有意义的事情”的事。故回答为：My/His/Thegrandfatherisstillbusydoingmeaningfulthings.Or:Thegrandfatherisstilllivinganactivelife.Or:Thegrandfatherisstillinvolvedinwhateverhecando.49.开放题。作者的爷爷曾经是名邮寄员，然而退休之后一直忙于做一些有意义的事情。作者写信给爷爷让他多休息休息，但爷爷回信说他任然坚持他的忙碌的生活。首先要回答同意不同意他爷爷的生活观，并且陈述自己的理由。故回答为：Yes.Oneshouldalwaysbefullofpassioninhislifenomatterhowoldheis.Or:PeopleshouldmakefulluseoftheirtimetodosomethingmeaningfulNo.Itismoresensibleforpeopletoslowdownandenjoyaneasylifeintheiroldage.Or:Slowingdowncontributestobetterhealthandlongerlifeforpeopleinoldage.11.（2015年，四川卷）阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题，请清楚问题后的词数要求。Itwasahotsummerdaythatfoundmerunningdownthestreetwithadollarinmysweatyhand.ThecloserIgottoSam&Joe'sStationeryStore,themoreexcitedIwas.Afterall,adollarwasatidysumforan11-year-oldboyin1961.Outofbreath,Iswungopenthedoorandgotablastofcoldairthatinstantlycooledmeoff.Iwasinaplaceofpurehappiness.Sam&Joe'shaditall—books,candy,toys,baseballcards，puzzlesandgames.Iwentdirectlytothebarandorderedabottleofsoda.ThereIsat,consideringmynextmove.Booksalwayscamefirst.Ipickedoutfivetitles.Nextcamethecandy,rowsandrowsofit.Ichosefivecandybars,whichbroughtmytotalto75cents.Thenabottleofcoldorangejuice,abagofchipsandapackofTedWilliamsbaseballcards.Afterpayingtheclerk,Istillhad5cents.Ihurrieddirectlytomybackyard,whereanappletreepatientlywaitedforme.There,sittingintheshadeagainstitsstrongtrunk,Ireadmybooks,atemycandyanddrankmyorangejuice.AsIsatinmyownpersonalheaven,Istartedthinkingabouthavingmore.That'swhenafantasticlife—changingideapoppedintohead:IfIcouldgetmoremoney,IcouldbuymorebooksIliked,buyanythingIwanted.That'showitallstarted.50.HowdidtheboyfeelonhiswaytoSam&Joe’s(nomorethan5words)51.Whatdoes“atidysum”meaninParagraph1?(nomorethan5words)52.Whatdidtheboyconsiderdoingfirstafterheorderedsoda?(nomorethan5words)53.Whatdidtheboydowhilereading?(nomorethan5words)54.Wherewastheboy’s“personalheaven”?(nomorethan9words)【答案】50.Hefeltexcited.51.Much/Alotof/Agreatamountofmoney.52.Heconsideredbuyingbooks.53.Heateanddrank.54.Itwasundertheappletreeinthebackyard.【解析】50.Hefeltexcited.根据第一段的ThecloserIgottoSam&Joe'sStationeryStore,themoreexcitedIwas可知，回答Hefeltexcited.51.Much/Alotof/Agreatamountofmoney根据下文内容可知，作者买了很多东西，以及上文的excited可知，作者很激动，故推断指的是一大笔钱，故回答muchmoney或者alotofmoney或者agreatamountofmoney.52.Heconsideredbuyingbooks.根据第三代的Booksalwayscamefirst.可知，作者考虑买书，故回答heconsideredbuyingbooks.53.Heateanddrank.根据倒数第二段的Ireadmybooks,atemycandyanddrankmyorangejuice.可知，回答Heateanddrank.54.Itwasundertheappletreeinthebackyard.根据上文的Ihurrieddirectlytomybackyard,whereanappletreepatientlywaitedforme.There,sittingintheshadeagainstitsstrongtrunk,可知，作者的天堂就是后院的苹果树下。12.（2015年，上海卷）Youthsporthasthepotentialtoaccomplishthreeimportantobjectivesinchildren’sdevelopment.First,sportprogramscanprovideyouthwithopportunitiestobephysicallyactive,whichcanleadtoimprovedphysicalhealth.Second,youthsportprogramshavelongbeenconsideredimportanttoyouth’spsychosocialdevelopment,providingopportunitiestolearnimportantlifeskillssuchascooperation,discipline,leadership,andself-control.Third,youthsportprogramsarecriticalforthelearningofmotorskills;thesemotorskillsserveasafoundationforfuturenationalsportstarsandrecreationaladultsportparticipants.Whencoachersdevelopactivitiesforyouthpracticesandwhensportorganizationsdesignyouth-sportprograms,theymustconsidertheimplicationofdeliberateplayanddeliberatepractice.ResearchfromTelama（2006）statesthatregularparticipationindeliberateplayordeliberatepracticeactivitiesduringchildhoodandyouth（agesninetoeighteen）increasesthelikelihoodofparticipationinsportsduringadulthoodbysixtimesforbothmalesandfemales.Côté（2002）definesdeliberateplayactivitiesinsportasthosedesignedtomaximizeenjoyment.Theseactivitiesareregulatedbyflexiblerulesadaptedfromstandardizedsportrulesandaresetupbythechildrenorbyaninvolvedadult.Childrentypicallychangerulestofindapointwheretheirgameissimilartotheactualsportbutstillallowsforplayattheirlevel.Forexample,childrenmaychangesoccerandbasketballrulestosuittheirneedsandenvironment（e.g.inthestreet.onaplayingfieldorinsomeone’sbackyard）.Wheninvolvedindeliberateplayactivities,childrenarelessconcernedwiththeoutcomeoftheiroutcomeoftheirbehavior.（whethertheywinorlose）thanwiththebehavior.（havingfun）.Ontheotherhand,Ericsson（1993）suggeststhatthemosteffectivelearningoccursthroughinvolvementinhighlystructuredactivitiesdefinedasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeactivitiesrequireeffort,producenoimmediaterewards,andaremotivatedbythegoalofimprovingperformanceratherthanthegoalofenjoyment.Whenindividualsareinvolvedindeliberateplay,theyexperimentwithdifferentcombinationsofbehaviors,butnotnecessarilyinthemosteffectivewaytoimproveperformance.Incontrast,whenindividualsareinvolvedindeliberatepractice,theyexhibitbehavior.focusedonimprovingperformancebythemosteffectivemeansavailable.Forexample,thebackhandskillsintenniscouldbelearnedandimprovedovertimebyplayingmatchesorbycreatingfunpracticesituations.However,playerscouldmoreeffectivelyimprovetheirbackhandperformancebypracticingdrillsthatmightbeconsideredlessenjoyable.Althoughdrillsareusedinmosteffectivemeansavailablepracticemightnotbethemostenjoyable,theymightbethemostrelevanttoimprovingperformance.（Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS）55.Besidesthelearningofmotorskills,whataretheothertwoimportantobjectivesofyouthsport?56.Ifchildrenparticipateindeliberateplayordeliberatepracticeactivities,theyaremorelikelyto________________.57.Indeliberateplayactivities,whatdochildrendotomaximizeenjoyment?58.Incontrasttodeliberateplay,deliberatepracticeisaimedat____________.【答案】55.Improvedphysicalhealthandpsychosocialdevelopment56.participateinsportsduringadulthood57.Theychangerulestosuittheirneedsandtheirenvironment58.improvingperformance【解析】这是一篇说明文，讲述青年运动有可能在孩子的发展中完成三个重要目标。强身健体、心理发展和运动技能。55.Improvedphysicalhealthandpsychosocialdevelopment细节题，根据文章第一段“First,sportprogramscanprovideyouthwithopportunitiestobephysicallyactive,whichcanleadtoimprovedphysicalhealth.Second,youthsportprogramshavelongbeenconsideredimportanttoyouth’spsychosocialdevelopment,providingopportunitiestolearnimportantlifeskillssuchascooperation,discipline,leadership,andself-control.首先,运动项目可以为年轻人提供机会锻炼,从而导致改善身体健康。第二,青年运动项目一直被认为是重要的青少年的心理发展,提供机会学习重要的生活技能,如合作、纪律,领导,和自我控制。”对这个的内容进行高度概括，所以可以知道答案是Improvedphysicalhealthandpsychosocialdevelopment改善身体健康和心理发展。56.participateinsportsduringadulthood细节题，根据“ResearchfromTelama（2006）statesthatregularparticipationindeliberateplayordeliberatepracticeactivitiesduringchildhoodandyouth（agesninetoeighteen）increasesthelikelihoodofparticipationinsportsduringadulthoodbysixtimesforbothmalesandfemales.Telama(2006)的研究指出，在儿童和青少年(年龄在9到18)时，定期参与故意玩或刻意练习活动，不管是男性还是女性，在成年时增加参与运动的可能性六达倍多。”缩短答案字数为participateinsportsduringadulthood在成年参加体育运动。57.Theychangerulestosuittheirneedsandtheirenvironment根据“Forexample,childrenmaychangesoccerandbasketballrulestosuittheirneedsandenvironment例如,孩子可能会改变足球和篮球规则以适应他们的需求和环境”，可以知道答案是Theychangerulestosuittheirneedsandtheirenvironment他们改变规则以适应他们的需求和他们的环境。58.improvingperformance根据文章最后一句话“Althoughdrillsareusedinmosteffectivemeansavailablepracticemightnotbethemostenjoyable,theymightbethemostrelevanttoimprovingperformance.虽然演习中使用可用的最有效的手段也许不是最有趣的练习，它们可能是最相关的改善表现。”可以知道答案是improvingperformance改善表现。我赞同、同意、支持12种近似表达1.Icouldn’tagreemore.2.Icompletely/absolutely/quiteagree.——前两种不必例句说明了。3.Iagreewithyou.(Iagreetoyou通常是接受你的想法)《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第39页agree词条agreewith…同意；意见一致Doyouagreewithhimaboutthis?你同意他对这件事的看法吗？YouagreedwithmethatwecouldruleoutWatson?你曾同意过我，说我们可以把沃森排除在外。agreewith赞成；赞同Iagreewithwhattheyaredoing.