浙江省宁波三锋教研联盟2023-2024学年高二上学期期中联考英语试题 （解析版）

绝密★考试结束前2023学年第一学期宁波三锋教研联盟期中联考高二年级英语学科试题考生须知：1.本卷共8页满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2.答题前，在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场号、座位号及准考证号并填涂相应数字。3.所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。4.考试结束后，只需上交答题纸。选择题部分第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whocoloredthetreesinthepicture?A.Shelly.B.Louis.C.John.2.Whenwillthespeakersleavefortheconcert?A.At5:30p.m.B.At5:40p.m.C.At5:50p.m.3.WhydoesHelenwanttoaskforleave?A.Sheneedstocareforarelative.B.Shefelldownthestairs.C.Sheplanstovisitherparents.4.Howdoesthemansound?A.Unhappy.B.Confused.C.Cheerful.5.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Marriedlife.B.Futureplans.C.Dreamschools.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完更多课件教案视频等优质滋源请家威杏MXSJ663后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。6.Whathappenedtotheboy?A.Hegotlost.B.Hewaspushedover.C.Hewasblamedbyhisparents.7.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodofortheboy?A.Ringuphisfather.B.Lookforhisdog.C.Drivehimhome.听下面一段对话，回答第8至第9两个小题。8.Wherearemostprobablythespeakers?A.AtToby’splace.B.Inahospital.C.Inacompany.9.WhosuggestedthenameArthur?A.Thewoman’ssister.B.Tommy.C.Thewoman.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题。10.Howdidthewomanknowaboutthesalespromotion?A.FromtheTV.B.Fromafriend.C.Fromthenewspaper.11.Whatdayisittoday?A.Wednesday.B.Thursday.C.Friday.12.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Cleanhisnewhouse.B.Buyafloorlamp.C.Contacthiscolleague.听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16四个小题。13.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Teammates.C.Familymembers.14.WhatdoesthewomanoftendoonSundayafternoons?A.Playvideogames.B.Dosomesports.C.Watchmovies.15.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantobuy?A.Anewphone.B.Abaseballbat.C.Analarmclock.16.Whatdothespeakersmainlytalkabout?A.Howtoincreaselearningefficiency.B.Howtoimprovesleepquality.C.Howtomanagescreentime.听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20四个小题。17.WhydidMiriam’sunclegivehersomemoney?A.Topayforherschooltuition.B.Tocelebrateherbirthday.C.Torewardherforherkindness.18.WhatdoweknowaboutthedocumentaryHowIBecameanElephant?A.ItinspiredMiriamandhermothertovisitAfrica.B.IttellstheabuseofelephantsinThailand.C.Itisaboutaboy’scampaigntosaveelephants.19.HowdidMiriamcollectmoneytosaveelephants?A.Byteachingpeopletomakeclayelephants.B.Bydrawingpicturesaboutelephants.C.Bymakingandsellingbakedgoods.20.WhatdoesKateSantorineosdo?A.She’sateacher.B.She’sananimaldoctor.C.She’sanartist.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AAsoneoftheworld’smostancientcivilizations,Chinaofferswonderfulopportunitiestoexplorewonderfulrelicsfromitsrichpast.HereisourpickofthebestplacestovisitinChina.ATigerLeapingGorge—BestlandscapetohikeOneofChina’smostfamoushikingplaces,this22kmtrailwindsthroughaWorldHeritage-listedgorgeinYunnanthatisoneofAsia’smoststrikinglandscapes.Framedbyspectacularsnow-cappedmountainsandthescenicJinshajiangRiver,itisindepthsof3900m,makingitoneofthedeepestgorgesintheworld.B.Zhangjiajie—BestdramaticlandscapesRisingdramaticallyfromthesubtropicalforestsofnorthwestHunan,thepeakrockformationsofZhangjiajieinspiredthesceneryinthefilmAvatar(2009).Takeitallinasyouwalkoveraglass-bottomsuspensionbridgefloating300maboveground.Andifthat’snotdaringenough,youcanbungeejumpoffittoo!C.Shanghai—Elegant,historicandcosmopolitan—everythingyou’veheardaboutShanghaiistrue.JusttakeawalkthroughtheFrenchConcessionoralongtheBundandyou’llseeforyourself.Fromthegranddisplayof1920sarchitectureandthecity’ssophisticatedrestaurants,ShanghaiispastandfutureChinabroughttolife.D.MogaoGrottoes,Dunhuang—BestBuddhistartSittingalongtheancientSilkRoad,Dunhuangishometooneoftheworld’smostimportantcollectionsofBuddhistart.Amongmorethan490Buddhistcavesinthearea,themural(壁画)andstatue-filledMogaoGrottoesrepresentperhapsthetopofBuddhistartistryinChina.1.WhatdoTigerLeapingGorgeandZhangjiajiehaveincommon?A.Theyareshotforfilms. B.Theyhavehikingtrails.C.Theyhavesplendidmountains. D.Theyhaveextremesports.2.Whichofthefollowingcanbefilledintheline?A.Bestcityforpastandfuture. B.Bestdramaticlandscapes.C.BesticonicsightinChina. D.Bestcountrysidescenery.3.WhatisspecialaboutMogaoGrottoes?A.IthastherarestcollectionofBuddhism. B.Itisareligiousplacetovisit.C.Ithasover490muralsandcaves. D.Itownssophisticatedrestaurants.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国四个最佳旅游景点。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据A.TigerLeapingGorge—Bestlandscapetohike(虎跳峡——徒步旅行的最佳景观)中“Framedbyspectacularsnow-cappedmountainsandthescenicJinshajiangRiver,itisindepthsof3900m,makingitoneofthedeepestgorgesintheworld.(它被壮观的雪山和风景秀丽的金沙江所环绕，深达3900米，是世界上最深的峡谷之一。)”和B.Zhangjiajie—Bestdramaticlandscapes(张家界——最具戏剧性的风景)中“RisingdramaticallyfromthesubtropicalforestsofnorthwestHunan,thepeakrockformationsofZhangjiajieinspiredthesceneryinthefilmAvatar(2009).Takeitallinasyouwalkoveraglass-bottomsuspensionbridgefloating300maboveground.Andifthat’snotdaringenough,youcanbungeejumpoffittoo!(张家界高耸于湖南西北部的亚热带森林之中，是电影《阿凡达》(2009)的灵感来源。当你走在离地面300米的玻璃吊桥上时，你会领略到这一切。如果这还不够大胆，你还可以蹦极！)”可知，它们都有壮丽的山脉。故选C项。【2题详解】主旨大意题。根据C.Shanghai—中“Elegant,historicandcosmopolitan—everythingyou’veheardaboutShanghaiistrue.JusttakeawalkthroughtheFrenchConcessionoralongtheBundandyou’llseeforyourself.Fromthegranddisplayof1920sarchitectureandthecity’ssophisticatedrestaurants,ShanghaiispastandfutureChinabroughttolife.(优雅、历史悠久、国际化——你所听到的关于上海的一切都是真的。只要穿过法租界或沿着外滩走一走，你就会自己看到。从20世纪20年代建筑的宏伟展示和城市精致的餐厅，上海是过去和未来中国的生活。)”可知，本段谈到了上海是过去和未来的中国生活。A“过去和未来的最佳城市”符合本段主题，故选A项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据D.MogaoGrottoes,Dunhuang—BestBuddhistart(敦煌莫高窟——最好的佛教艺术)中“SittingalongtheancientSilkRoad,Dunhuangishometooneoftheworld’smostimportantcollectionsofBuddhistart.Amongmorethan490Buddhistcavesinthearea,themural(壁画)andstatue-filledMogaoGrottoesrepresentperhapsthetopofBuddhistartistryinChina.(敦煌坐落在古丝绸之路上，是世界上最重要的佛教艺术收藏品之一。在该地区490多个佛教洞穴中，充满壁画和雕像的莫高窟可能代表了中国佛教艺术的顶峰。)”可知，莫高窟这是一个值得参观的宗教场所。故选B项。BInlate2020,DetroitresidentOleitapostedavideoonFacebookthatexplainedhowtomakesleepingbagsfromusedpotatochipsandothersnackbags.Shecouldhelpthecity’shomelesspeoplefindwarmthduringcoldwinterswhilealsogivingasecondlifetochipbags,whicharen’teasilyrecyclableandusuallyendupinthetrash.AlmostimmediatelyafterOleitapostedthatfirstcallforbags,peopletooknotice.Localbusinessesofferedtoserveascollectionpoints,andvolunteersraisedtheirhandstogetinvolved.“We’reallhumanswhosharethisplanettogether,andit’smydutytomakesurethepersonnexttomehasaccesstobasicnecessities,”saysOleita.“Wehaveamajorclimateissuehappening,andthepeoplewhoaremostinfluencedarethosewhoareeconomicallypoor.”FormostoftheChipBagProject’sexistence,Oleitamadesleepingbagsallbyherself.Now,shehassomehelp.Thegroupoperateswithacoreteamof10volunteerswhodoeverythingfrommakinganddeliveringthebagstosourcingfinancialsponsorsanddoingcommunityoutreach.Theroadtosuccesshasitsupsanddowns.Forawhile,theChipBagProjectoperatedoutofasmallspacedonatedbyalocalbusiness,andtheteamrecentlyhadtoleave.Yetthey’renotgivingup.Instead,theteamdoeseverything—includingproduction,back-endbusinesstasksandequipmentandsupplystorage.Oleitahasservedasacommunityorganizerforthepastdecade,andshehasexperiencedhomelessnessherself.Sheknewthatthisprojectneededtodomorethanjusthandoutsleepingbags.“Thisisn’tjustatrashissue;it’salsoaclimateissue.Andit’snotjustaclimateissue,butahumanissuetoo.I’malwaysthinkingoftheworldasinterconnected—energyisneithercreatednordestroyed,onlytransferred.”4.WhatmadeOleitawanttohelphomelesspeople?A.Coldwinter. B.Pollutedenvironment.C.Personalexperience. D.Socialresponsibility.5.Whatcanweknowabouttheproject?A.Itconsistsoftenpeople. B.Itisfacinglowefficiency.C.Itmanagedtorunwell. D.Itisjustaboutahumanissue.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesOleita?A.Modest. B.Kind-hearted. C.Ambitious. D.Self-motivated.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Atouchingstory. B.Turningtrashintotreasure.C.Anaccidentalpost. D.Helpingpeopleinneed.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Oleita变废为宝，利用用过的旧零食袋制作睡袋，帮助无家可归的人在寒冷的冬天找到温暖的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中Oleita所说“We’reallhumanswhosharethisplanettogether,andit’smydutytomakesurethepersonnexttomehasaccesstobasicnecessities.(我们都是共同生活在这个星球上的人类，我有责任确保我身边的人能够获得基本的必需品。)”可知，是社会责任让Oleita想要帮助无家可归的人。故选D项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“AlmostimmediatelyafterOleitapostedthatfirstcallforbags,peopletooknotice.Localbusinessesofferedtoserveascollectionpoints,andvolunteersraisedtheirhandstogetinvolved.(在Oleita发布了第一个征集包的帖子后，人们几乎立即注意到了。当地企业主动提出充当收集点，志愿者也举手表示愿意参与其中。)”以及第四段中“Instead,theteamdoeseverything—includingproduction,back-endbusinesstasksandequipmentandsupplystorage.(相反，团队包揽一切——包括生产、后端业务任务、设备和供应存储。)”可知，这个项目运行得很好。故选C项。【6题详解】推理判断题题。根据第一段中“Shecouldhelpthecity’shomelesspeoplefindwarmthduringcoldwinterswhilealsogivingasecondlifetochipbags,whicharen’teasilyrecyclableandusuallyendupinthetrash.(她可以帮助这个城市无家可归的人在寒冷的冬天找到温暖，同时也给薯片袋第二次生命，这些薯片袋不容易回收，通常会被扔进垃圾桶。)”可知，Oleita是个善良的人，热心帮助穷人并且积极保护环境。故选B项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Inlate2020,DetroitresidentOleitapostedavideoonFacebookthatexplainedhowtomakesleepingbagsfromusedpotatochipsandothersnackbags.Shecouldhelpthecity’shomelesspeoplefindwarmthduringcoldwinterswhilealsogivingasecondlifetochipbags,whicharen’teasilyrecyclableandusuallyendupinthetrash.(2020年底，底特律居民Oleita在脸书上发布了一段视频，解释了如何用用过的薯片和其他零食袋制作睡袋。她可以帮助这个城市无家可归的人在寒冷的冬天找到温暖，同时也给薯片袋第二次生命，这些薯片袋不容易回收，通常会被扔进垃圾桶。)”可知，本文主要讲述了Oleita变废为宝，利用用过的旧零食袋制作睡袋，帮助无家可归的人在寒冷的冬天找到温暖的故事。故选B项。CAstheuseofAIchatbotsincreases,peoplearefindinginnovativewaystousethistechnology.AndwhilethereareconcernsabouthowAIshouldbeused,thereareseveralsitesshowingthatachatbotcanprovideauniqueandenrichingexperience.TheHelloHistoryappandCharacter.AIwebsitebothprovidethistypeofexperience,byallowinguserstoengageinconversationwithhistoricalfigures.HelloHistory,whichwascreatedbytheSwedishcompanyFacingIt,hasaneasyinterfacethatincludesthechancetochatwitheveryonefromSirIsaacNewtontoElvisPresley.WhetheraskingMarilynMonroeaboutherroadtosuccessorgettingFridaKahlo’sviewpointonAIart,theconversationsareafunwaytoengagewithhistory.CharacterAIisawebsitewhereyou’llfindanevenwiderrangeofbotstoconversewith.Thereare,ofcourse,allthestandardhistoricalfigureslikeAlbertEinstein,Napoleon,andSocrates.ButlivingfiguresrangingfromElonMusktoBillieEilisharealsoavailable.YoucanevenchatwithpopularcartooncharactersoryourfavoriteTVpersonality.CreatedbytwoformerGoogleresearchers,Character.AIistryingtobuildanew—morehonest—chatbot.And,asacommunity-basedsite,peopleareabletocreatetheirownchatbotcharacters,eachofwhichislinkedbacktotheirprofile.Thisiscertainlyjustthebeginningofhowchatbotswillstartbeingusedinmoreinteresting,innovativeways.Thesedevelopmentsseemlikepositivestepsforwardatatimewhenschoolsarestrugglingwithhowtoincorporatethetechnologyintotheirclassroomssothatstudentscanconversewiththefigurestheyarelearningabout.8.What’sParagraph1mainlyabout?A.Newwaystotalkwithhistoricalfigures. B.Abigworryaboutusingtechnology.C.ArecentstudyofvariousAIchatbots. D.BenefitsfromtheuseofAIchatbots.9.WhatcanwelearnaboutHelloHistoryandCharacter.AI?A.HelloHistoryiscreatedinSweden.B.HelloHistoryletsusknowhowstarswenttofame.C.YoucanonlytalkwithlivingfiguresonCharacter.AI.D.GoogleresearchersaretryinganewwaytocreateCharacter.AI.10.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?A.MorefunwaystouseAIchatbots. B.Thedilemmafacedbyschools.C.Commentsfromsomestudents. D.Studiesofmorechatbots.11.Inwhichcolumnofnewspapercanthistextprobablybefound?A.Fashion B.Business C.Education D.Technology【答案】8.A9.B10.C11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了HelloHistory应用程序允许用户与历史人物进行对话，以及CharacterAI可以找到更广泛的机器人交谈。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“AstheuseofAIchatbotsincreases,peoplearefindinginnovativewaystousethistechnology.AndwhilethereareconcernsabouthowAlshouldbeused,thereareseveralsitesshowingthatachatbotcanprovideauniqueandenrichingexperience.TheHelloHistoryappandCharacter.Alwebsitebothprovidethistypeofexperience,byallowinguserstoengageinconversationwithhistoricalfigures.(随着人工智能聊天机器人使用的增加，人们正在寻找创新的方式来使用这项技术。虽然有人担心人工智能应该如何使用，但有几个网站表明，聊天机器人可以提供独特而丰富的体验。HelloHistory应用程序和字符。所有网站都提供这种体验，允许用户与历史人物进行对话)”可知，第一段的主要内容是与历史人物交谈的新方法。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“WhetheraskingMarilynMonroeaboutherroadtosuccessorgettingFridaKahlo’sviewpointonAlart,theconversationsareafunwaytoengagewithhistory.(无论是询问玛丽莲·梦露的成功之路，还是了解弗里达·卡罗对人工智能艺术的看法，这些对话都是了解历史的一种有趣方式)”可知，HelloHistory让我们知道明星是如何成名的。故选B。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thesedevelopmentsseemlikepositivestepsforwardatatimewhenschoolsarestrugglingwithhowtoincorporatethetechnologyintotheirclassroomssothatstudentscanconversewiththefigurestheyarelearningabout.(这些发展似乎是积极的进步，因为学校正在努力将技术纳入他们的课堂，以便学生可以与他们正在学习的数字交谈)”可推知，作者可能会继续谈论一些学生的评论。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“AstheuseofAIchatbotsincreases,peoplearefindinginnovativewaystousethistechnology.AndwhilethereareconcernsabouthowAlshouldbeused,thereareseveralsitesshowingthatachatbotcanprovideauniqueandenrichingexperience.TheHelloHistoryappandCharacter.Alwebsitebothprovidethistypeofexperience,byallowinguserstoengageinconversationwithhistoricalfigures.(随着人工智能聊天机器人使用的增加，人们正在寻找创新的方式来使用这项技术。虽然有人担心人工智能应该如何使用，但有几个网站表明，聊天机器人可以提供独特而丰富的体验。HelloHistory应用程序和字符。所有网站都提供这种体验，允许用户与历史人物进行对话)”结合文章主要介绍了HelloHistory应用程序允许用户与历史人物进行对话，以及CharacterAI可以找到更广泛的机器人交谈。可推知，文章选自报纸的“科技”专栏。故选D。DAfteralongdayatwork,itfeelssomuchbettertojustleavethedirtydishesinthesink—right?Don’tjustcallitlaziness:Afteralongperiodofthinkinghard,wetendtomakedecisionsforrelaxingintheshorttermbutareworseoverall,whichappearstobeabiologicaltooltofightagainstcognitivefatigue(疲乏),accordingtoanewstudypublishedThursdayinthejournalCurrentBiology.“Influentialtheoriessuggestedthatfatigue,afeelingofbeingextremelytired,isasortofillusioncookedupbythebraintomakeusstopwhateverwearedoingandturntoamoresatisfyingactivity,”saidstudyauthorMathiasPessiglione,InsermresearchdirectorattheBrainandSpineInstituteinParis.“Ourfindingsshowthatcognitiveworkresultsinatruefunctionalchange,sofatiguewouldindeedbeasignalthatmakesusstopworking,butforadifferentpurpose:toprotectthestateofbrainfunctioning.”Inthestudy,40peopleweregiveneitheraneasyorahardtaskthatinvolvedtellinglettersonascreenformorethansixhours.Eachparticipantwasthenofferedchoicesofeitheranimmediatelysatisfyingsmallerrewardthatrequiredlesscognitive(认知的)controloronethatwashighervalueinthelongertermbutinvolvedmorecognitivecontrol.Participantswhohadtothinkharderforthesix-hourtaskweremorelikelytotakethesmallerreward.Theresearchersfoundthatthehardertheparticipantsthought,thehighertheirlevelsofglutamate(谷氨酸盐).Afterpeoplespendlongtimethinkinghard,theglutamateaccumulation(积累)triggersaresponseinthebrain,makingitmoredifficulttousetheprefrontalcortex,theareainthebrainthatallowsustocontrolourthoughts,sothatwemakechoicesthataremoreimpulsive(冲动的)thanstrategic.Ifyouareabouttomakeanimportantdecision,it’simportanttomakesureyouaren’ttootired,saidstudyauthorAntoniusWiehler,acognitiveneuroscientistandpostdoctoralresearcherattheParisBrainInstitute.Butbadnewsis:Itmayalsobedifficultforpeopletoaccuratelyevaluatehowfatiguedtheyactuallyare.12.What’stheroleoffatigueinParagraph2?A.Itpreventsusfromcheeringup. B.Itisabiologicalcontroller.C.Itallowsbrainstofunctionproperly. D.Itmakesusstopworking.13.What’stheauthor’spurposeinmentioningtheexperimentinParagraph3?A.Toexplainarule. B.Tomakeacomparison.C.Topresentafact. D.Toclarifyaconcept.14.Whatdoes“triggers”underlinedinParagraph4probablymean?A.Activate. B.Drive. C.Improve. D.Promote.15.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.Fatigueresultsindamagingeffectsandkeepsuslazier.B.Ourbodyhelpsusfindabetterwaytodealwithfatigue.C.Wemaymakeworsechoicesafteradayofhardthinking.D.It’seasiertomakestrategicdecisionsafterthinkingforalongtime.【答案】12.C13.C14.A15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，长时间思考后，人们更倾向于做短期放松的决定，这是一种生物学工具来对抗认知疲劳。研究表明，认知工作会导致大脑功能发生真正的变化，疲劳确实是一个信号，让我们停止工作，但目的是保护大脑功能状态。研究发现，长时间思考后，大脑中谷氨酸的积累会触发一种反应，使得我们更难使用前额叶皮质，导致我们做出更冲动而非战略性的选择。因此，重要决策前要确保自己没有太疲劳，但人们也可能难以准确评估自己的疲劳程度。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段““Ourfindingsshowthatcognitiveworkresultsinatruefunctionalchange,sofatiguewouldindeedbeasignalthatmakesusstopworking,butforadifferentpurpose:toprotectthestateofbrainfunctioning.”(我们的研究结果表明，认知工作会导致真正的功能变化，因此疲劳确实是让我们停止工作的信号，但目的不同:保护大脑功能状态。)”可知，疲劳能使大脑发挥正常功能。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Inthestudy,40peopleweregiveneitheraneasyorahardtaskthatinvolvedtellinglettersonascreenformorethansixhours.Eachparticipantwasthenofferedchoicesofeitheranimmediatelysatisfyingsmallerrewardthatrequiredlesscognitive(认知的)controloronethatwashighervalueinthelongertermbutinvolvedmorecognitivecontrol.Participantswhohadtothinkharderforthesix-hourtaskweremorelikelytotakethesmallerreward.Theresearchersfoundthatthehardertheparticipantsthought,thehighertheirlevelsofglutamate(谷氨酸盐).(在这项研究中，40人被赋予了一项简单或艰巨的任务，包括在屏幕上讲六个多小时的字母。然后，每个参与者都可以选择一个立即令人满意的、需要较少认知的较小奖励，控制或长期价值较高但涉及更多认知控制的控制。在六小时的任务中必须更加努力思考的参与者更有可能获得较小的奖励。研究人员发现，参与者思考得越艰难，他们的谷氨酸水平就越高.)”可知，作者在第三段提到这个实验的目的是陈述事实。故选C。【14题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段“Afterpeoplespendlongtimethinkinghard,theglutamateaccumulation(积累)(人经过长时间的努力思考，谷氨酸积累起来)”以及“makingitmoredifficulttousetheprefrontalcortex,theareainthebrainthatallowsustocontrolourthoughts,sothatwemakechoicesthataremoreimpulsive(冲动的)thanstrategic.(前额叶皮层是大脑中控制我们思想的区域，因此我们做出的选择更容易冲动，而不是战略性的)”可知，谷氨酸的积累触发对大脑的响应，trigger意为“激发，刺激”。A项：Activate激活。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Ifyouareabouttomakeanimportantdecision,it’simportanttomakesureyouaren’ttootired,saidstudyauthorAntoniusWiehler,acognitiveneuroscientistandpostdoctoralresearcherattheParisBrainInstitute.Butbadnewsis:Itmayalsobedifficultforpeopletoaccuratelyevaluatehowfatiguedtheyactuallyare.(该研究的作者、巴黎大脑研究所的认知神经科学家和博士后研究员AntoniusWiehler说，如果你即将做出一个重要的决定，确保你不会太累是很重要的。但坏消息是：人们可能也很难准确评估自己的疲劳程度。)”可知，本文主要说明重要决策前要确保自己没有太疲劳。C选项：Wemaymakeworsechoicesafteradayofhardthinking.(经过一天的苦思冥想，我们可能会做出更糟糕的选择)符合题意。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Gettingacutoracolorinasaloncanbeatransformativeexperience.Whenyoulikewhatyourhairstylistdoes,itcanmakeyoufeelrefreshedandevenbuildyourconfidence.____16____.Don’tleavethesalonintears.Theseexperttipswillhelpyou.●BehonestbutkindMoregentlelanguagemayhelpyouexpressyourself.____17____.They’lllikelytoasksomeclarifyingquestionsthatwillhelpyouexpressyourtruefeelings.Chancesarethestylistdidn’twantyoutohateyourhair,focusontalkingaboutwhatyoudon’tlikeaboutthecutorcolor.●____18____Ihateit.Thisisnotmystyleatall.Whowouldeverwanttheirhairtolooklikethis?!Whilethosemaybethethoughtsrunningthroughyourmind,theyaren’thelpful.Instead,trytobeasspecificasyoucan.Forexample,“Thetoneisalittleashyforme,”or“____19____.”Thiswillhelpthestylistunderstandhowtheymissedthemark.●MakesuggestionsifyoucanAftergettingspecificaboutwhatitisyoudon’tlike,trymakingsuggestionsonwhatcouldimproveit.____20____,butmakingafewsuggestionscangetaconversationgoingandhelpyouandyourstylistworktogethertofigureoutapathforward.A.GetspecificB.SpeakoutdirectlyC.ButsometimesabadhaircuthappensD.It’stooshorttostyleitthewayIimaginedE.NooneexpectsyoutohavethefullanswerF.ThinkaboutthereasonbehindyourbadhaircutG.Tellyourstylistyouareunsurehowyoufeelaboutthecut【答案】16.C17.G18.A19.D20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了怎样和理发师沟通以便做出自己满意的发型。【16题详解】上文“Gettingacutoracolorinasaloncanbeatransformativeexperience.Whenyoulikewhatyourhairstylistdoes,itcanmakeyoufeelrefreshedandevenbuildyourconfidence.(在美容院剪头发或染发是一种改变人生的经历。当你喜欢你的发型师所理的发时，它会让你感到神清气爽，甚至建立你的信心。)”说明发型是很重要的，理发师理得好，自己神清气爽，更加自信，选项C“但有时发型不好也会发生”承接上文，转折语义，发型不好的事情也会发生，引出下文，介绍文章主题。故选C项。17题详解】下文“They’lllikelytoasksomeclarifyingquestionsthatwillhelpyouexpressyourtruefeelings.(他们可能会问一些澄清性的问题，帮助你表达自己的真实感受。)”说明理发师会澄清一些问题，帮助你表达自己的感受，选项G“告诉你的发型师你不确定你对这个发型的感觉”引领下文，建议首先告诉理发师你对这个发型的疑虑，和下文是因果关系，所以理发师才会帮助你表达自己的真实感受。故选G项。【18题详解】下文“Instead,trytobeasspecificasyoucan.(相反，试着尽可能具体。)”等内容说明对自己的发型要求要尽可能的具体，选项A“具体一点”概括本段主题。故选A项。【19题详解】上文“Instead,trytobeasspecificasyoucan.(相反，试着尽可能具体。)”以及“Forexample,‘Thetoneisalittleashyforme,’(例如，‘这个色调对我来说有点灰黄’)”说明对自己的发型要求要尽可能的具体，并进行具体举例，选项D“它太短了，不能做成我想象中的样子”是对发型具体要求的另一个举例。故选D项。【20题详解】上文“Aftergettingspecificaboutwhatitisyoudon’tlike,trymakingsuggestionsonwhatcouldimproveit.(在明确你不喜欢的是什么之后，试着提出可以改善它的建议。)”建议提出改善建议，选项E“没有人期望你得到完整的答案”承接上文，说明提出的建议不一定完整，引出下文“butmakingafewsuggestionscangetaconversationgoingandhelpyouandyourstylistworktogethertofigureoutapathforward(但是提出一些建议可以让对话进行下去，帮助你和你的造型师一起找出前进的道路)”转折语义，说明虽然建议不一定完整，但是可以帮助继续沟通并做得更好。故选E项。第三部分语言运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)InlateOctober,MikeCootslosthisrightlegtoatigersharkwhilesurfinginKauai.Whilehewaswaitingforawaveshortlyafterdawn,alargesharkcamerightupunderMikeand____21____histeethintoMike’slowerleg.There’dbeenno____22____,nonoise,nosplashing(水花),andMikefeltnopain,onlyhugepressureonhislowerbody.Ashetriedtohelphimselfbefree,theshark____23____harder,shakingitsheadbackandforthand____24____Mikearoundlikeatoy.Mikefollowedhis____25____:Hehitthesharkintheface,againandagainuntiltheshark____26____him.AsMikeswambackintoshore,herealizedhislower____27____legwasgone.Mike’sfriends____28____tohisaidimmediately,oneofwhommadeatourniquet(止血带).ThedoctorslatertoldMikethat’sprobablywhatkepthimaliveduringthedrivetothehospital.Forthenextfewweeks,Mikespenttimewithhisfamilyandconsideredthefuture.____29____MikewasgiventheOKbyhisdoctors,hedidwhatmanyofusmightconsider_____30_____:hestartedridingthewavesagain.ButMikewasunshaken._____31_____,hewascurious—whywasheattacked?His_____32_____ledhimtoresearchsharks.Hisuniquesituationasasharksurvivorempoweredhimtogivesharksa_____33_____.Hebeganworkingwiththegovernmenttohelppassabanonsharkproducts.Mikealsodiscoveredhowmuchhelikedphotography,andithasbecomehis_____34_____.Asaphotographer,helikesusinghisphotostospreadthemessageaboutwhysharks_____35_____.21.A.bit B.shook C.sank D.made22.A.movements B.ideas C.signs D.responses23.A.spedup B.bitdown C.tookin D.putoff24.A.passing B.throwing C.seeing D.hitting25.A.belief B.memory C.plan D.heart26.A.relieved B.released C.left D.removed27.A.right B.hurt C.lame D.crushed28.A.rushed B.walked C.escaped D.called29.A.Ifonly B.Eventhough C.Themoment D.Justas30.A.unreliable B.irresponsible C.indifferent D.unexpected31A.Thus B.Inaddition C.Instead D.What’smore32.A.courage B.curiosity C.kindness D.bravery33.A.hope B.voice C.test D.future34.A.job B.duty C.pride D.ability35.A.change B.survive C.grow D.matter【答案】21.C22.C23.B24.B25.D26.B27.A28.A29.C30.D31.C32.B33.B34.A35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了MikeCoots在冲浪时被虎鲨夺去了右腿，康复之后，又开始冲浪，并且对鲨鱼进行研究，并呼吁保护鲨鱼的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：黎明后不久，当他在等一个浪头时，一条大鲨鱼正好游到迈克的身下，用牙齿叼住了Mike的小腿。A.bit咬；B.shook摇晃；C.sank下沉；D.made制造。根据后文“Ashetriedtohelphimselfbefree,theshark____3____harder,shakingitsheadbackandforthand____4____Mikearoundlikeatoy.”可知，鲨鱼用牙叼住