移动应用手机设计中英文对照外文翻译文献

外文文献翻译探索老年人的手机界面设计摘要：这项研究评估了手机操作性能上的界面设计对老年使用者的影响。为了实现这一目标，目前研究采用课一个2×2的学科实验设计，在软件接口和硬件接口的基础上制定不同的实验处理。一共有20名受试者，包括10个年纪较小（15-30岁）和10年龄较大（40岁以上的）的参与者在这个实验中进行测试。在研究中有三个因变量。第一个措施是在实验中执行多个任务的对象所运行的时间。第二项措施是指错误的频率，指对象在运行时出现错误的步骤。第三个是主管变量，通过一个7点李克特量表衡量。最后，最后，本研究讨论中年人士的手机设计的设计方向。这个结论为手机设计的研究提供了有益的参考。关键字：老年人，手机，界面设计1介绍手机是在技术领域增长最快的产品之一。在台湾，超过69.9％的人有手机[18]。此外，随着信息技术的进步，手机将成为日用品之一。目前的手机设计的趋势是制造更小，更轻的，比过去有更多的功能。因此，加强对手机界面的复杂性是至关重要的是用户操作。据黄[9]所研究的，方向键是手机的硬件接口，可以分为两种类型，如交叉和电子。此外，主菜单在屏幕上，手机软件接口也可以分为两种类型，如矩阵和页面。主菜单页面类型是只在屏幕上显示符号和文字的单一选项。用户需要使用方向键操作屏幕上的其他选项页。另一方面，矩阵式的主菜单一旦安排一样在屏幕上的矩阵就会显示九个或十二个符号和文字的选项。界面设计无疑是成功经营的手机为用户最重要的因素之一。不过，如果界面设计人员没有考虑用户的认知方面，当他们设计了一个手机界面，用户将更有可能在使用手机的时候遇到困难[19]。用户不会快速了解所有功能，也会对简单的矩阵式界面所混淆[29]。一些用户体验的研究已经表明，目前的设计趋势可能对老年人带来不便[1][14][27][2]。因此，如何找到最合适的方式来显示功能，是手机的设计者的意义所在。在台湾，45岁以上的人口从1980年的350万增加到2007年的800万。根据上述，老人在台湾的人口比例和增加台湾的人口结构将进入老龄化社会。老龄化是指一个对人类[6]生理年龄的增加的影响的过程。老龄化广泛影响人类行为。人体机能在40岁开始下降，显著影响生理能力[17]。许多研究表明，随着他们的年龄增加，老人的智力，记忆力，注意力将退化越来越多，[12][8][4][24][11][7][25][28]，这使老年人难以学习新的技能[22][30]。然而，一些研究表明，大多数手机往往度身订造的年轻人想要什么，但似乎忽视老人的要求，留给老人[3]，只有少数种类和选择;[3][20][16][23][15]。因此，老人在使用为年轻人设计的手机时感到沮丧。本研究的重点是探究适合老年人的手机硬件和软件设计。2方法在学科实验设计本研究采用2×2，制定不同的根据不同类型的软件接口（矩阵和试验性治疗页）和硬件接口（交叉和电子对）。一个用于蜂窝电话的用户界面设计，包含四个用户界面，不同的软件界面和硬件接口。这项研究评估了手机界面的影响设计上的中年人士的经营业绩。在研究中的三个独立的变量。其一是指用户的年龄，比较年轻（15-30岁）和老年人（40岁以上）的经营业绩。第二个变量是手机的软件接口，由不同的手机屏幕定义的主菜单的类型。第三个变量是手机的硬件接口，方向键盘控制软件见面选项。作为因变量，对不同的手机界面设计的经营业绩进行了调查。总体而言，两种不同的依赖变量正在研究中。其中一项措施，是指在实验中的受试者要求执行两个任务（即设置闹钟和呼叫某人）所运行时间的。另一个变量是主观变量，由五个7点李克特测量。实验过程是：1）实验前，先讲解实验内容和相关的特别注意事项，参与者熟悉这个手机操作前的仿真程序。2）打开实验接口，并告诉用户该实验细节。3）参与者在四个随机顺序的接口条件下执行三大任务。4）完成三个任务后，让用户写“主观因素”的问卷调查。5）休息30分钟后，进行等3种不同的软件和硬件接口设计任务，并重复步骤3），4），和5）。实验完成后，用户完成了4种手机。经过实验数据的收集和统计分析，一般的线性模型（GLM）是用来测试受试者的年龄，运行时间和主观因素对手机界面设计和交互效应的影响。3结论本研究使用的GLM统计分析，探讨了年龄和手机界面设计对运行时间和方便性的影响。首先，年轻和年长的参与者（F=10.98，P<0.05）设置闹钟的执行时间有着显著的不同。年长者设置闹钟的时间（M=58.10）显著比年轻的参与者“（M=25.15）长。第二，操作系统之间的交叉和硬件接口的电子对在设置闹钟时所用的时间长短是很大不同的（F=6.95,P<0.05）。跨硬件接口（M=48.68）的设置闹钟的运行时间明显比电子对硬件接口（M=34.58）的长。第三，运行设定闹钟的时间上有一个显著的年龄和硬件接口设计的互动效应（F=3.86，P<0.1），其中图1的结果显示。图1年龄和硬件接口设计对设置闹钟的运行时间的影响年长者用跨硬件接口（M=70.40）设置闹钟的运行时间明显比电子对硬件接口（M=45.80）运行的时间长。然而，年轻人用跨硬件接口（M=26.95）设定闹钟的运行时间和用电子对硬件接口（M=23.35）没有显著差别。第四，年轻者和年老者在拨出电话的运行时间上有很大区别（F=6.29，P<0.05）。年老者呼叫某人的时间（M=49.90）显著长于年轻人（M=8.60）。第五，老人和年轻人的主观能动性的差异（F=4.25，P<0.1）。老人的主观能动性（M=6.09）显著比年轻的参与者（M=5.26）高。第六，主观便利之间的矩阵和网页软件界面的不同(F=3.20,P<0.1)。主观便利页软件界面（M=5.79）明显比矩阵的软件接口（M=5.56）高。图2显示，年龄和软性的界面设计对主观的便利性（F=7.46，P<0.05）有一定的影响。老年人的主观便利性中，软件界面（M=6.15）高于矩阵软件界面（M=6.06）。然而，年轻的参加者主观上的便利，通过矩阵式软件接口（M=5.56）高于页软件界面（M=4.96）。图2年龄和软件界面设计在主观方便性的互动效应4讨论和结论本研究评估经营业绩的年龄和手机的界面设计的影响。根据研究结果，老年人的操作时间明显高于年轻人，充实研究成果处理老年人应用以计算机为基础的任务[13][21]。此外，年长者用跨硬件接口设置闹钟的运行时间明显比电子对硬件接口运行的时间长。然而，年轻人没有明显差别。最后，老年人对页面的软件接口的主观方便高于矩阵软件界面，但年轻人却相反。本研究推测，随着年龄的增长，感官性能和认知能力的退化，导致对功能性能要求的降低。对老年人来说，跨硬件接口和矩阵软件界面过于复杂，所以老年人更倾向使用容易，简单，更容易理解的接口设计，如电子对的硬件接口和页面软件接口。从本研究的结论可以作为一个有用的设计师参考。在设计适合老人的手机的过程中，需要简化的经营方式和减少操作步骤，优化性能并考虑老人的主观方便性。参考文献Brodie,J.,Chattratichart,J.,Perry,M.,Scane,R.:Howagecaninformthefuturedesignofthemobilephoneexperience.In:Stephanidis,C.(ed.)UniversalAccessinHCI,pp.822–826.LEA,Mahwah(2003)Carroll,J.,Howard,S.,Peck,J.,Murphy,J.:Fromadoptiontousetheprocessofappropriatingamobilephone.AJIS10(2),38–48(2003)Child,J.:Cellularphonedesignersfacecomplexrequirements.ComputerDesign’s:ElectronicSystemsTechnology&Design37(4),109–113(1998)Connely,S.L.,Hasher,L.:Agingandinhibitionofspatiallocation.JournalofExperimentalPsychology:HumanPerceptionandPerformance19(6),1238–1250(1993)Craik,F.,Salthouse,T.:TheHandbookofAgingandCognition.LEA,Hillsdale(1992)Hawthorn,D.:PsychophysicalAgingandhumancomputerinterfacedesign.In:ComputerHumanInteractionConference1998,Proceedings,Australasian(1998)Howard,J.H.,Howard,D.V.:Learningandmemory.In:Fisk,A.D.,Rogers,W.A.(eds.)HandbookofHumanfactorsandtheOlderAdult.AcademicPress,NewYork(1996)Hoyer,W.J.,Rybash,J.M.:Ageandvisualfielddifferencesincomputingvisualspatialrelation.PsychologyandAging7(1992)Huang,C.F.:ResearchontheConstructionandApplicationofaCase-BasedReasoningSystemforMenuDesignofMobilePhones.TatungUniversityDepartmentofIndustrialDesignMasterDissertation(2005)(inChinese)Kline,D.,Scialfa,C.:Sensoryandperceptualfunctioning:basicresearchandhumanfactorsimplications.In:Fisk,A.D.,Rogers,W.A.(eds.)HumanFactorsandtheOlderAdult,pp.27–54(1997)Kotary,L.,Hoyer,W.J.:Ageandtheabilitytoinhibitdistractorinformationinvisualselectiveattention.ExperimentalAgingResearch,21(1995)ExploringtheInterfaceDesignofMobilePhonefortheElderly481Light,L.L.:Memoryandlanguageinoldage.In:Birren,J.E.,Schaie,K.W.(eds.)HandbookofthePsychologyofAging,vol.3.AcademicPress,Sandiego(1990)Lin,D.Y.:Agedifferencesintheperformanceofhypertextperusal.In:ProceedingsoftheHumanFactorsAndErgonomicSociety45thAnnualMeeting,Minneapolis,MN,October8-12,pp.211–215(2001)Maguire,M.,Osman,Z.:Designingforolderandinexperiencedmobilephoneusers.In:Stephanidis,C.(ed.)UniversalAccessinHCI,pp.439–443.LEA,Mahwah(2003)Mallenius,S.,Rossi,M.,Tuunainen,V.K.:Factorsaffectingtheadoptionanduseofmobiledevicesandservicesbyelderlypeople–resultsfromapilotstudy.In:6thAnnualGlobalMobilityRoundtable2007,LosAngeles,CA,May31-June2(2007)Mann,W.C.,Helal,S.,Davenport,R.D.,Justiss,M.D.,Tomita,M.R.,Kemp,B.J.:Useofcellphonesbyelderswithimpairments:Overallappraisal,satisfaction,andsuggestions.TechnologyandDisability16,49–57(2004)Merriam,S.B.,Caffarella,R.S.:Learninginadult:AComprehensiveguide.Jossey-Bass,SanFrancisco(1991)Nationalinformationandcommunicationsinitiativecommittee(NICI),.tw/index.phpNorman,D.A.,Draper,S.W.(eds.):UserCenteredSystemDesign;NewPerspectivesonHuman-computerInteraction.LawrenceErlbaumAssociates,Inc.,Mahwah(1986)Oyama,H.,Shiramatsu,N.:Smallerandbiggerdisplays.Displays23(1-2),31–39(2002)Pak,R.:Afurtherexaminationoftheinfluenceofspatialabilitiesoncomputertaskperformanceinyoungerandolderadults.In:ProceedingsoftheHumanFactorsandErgonomicSociety45thAnnualMeeting,Minneapolis,MN,October8-12,pp.1551–1555(2001)Park,D.C.:Appliedcognitiveagingresearch.In:Craik,F.I.M.,Salthouse,T.A.(eds.)HandbookofAgingandCognition.Erlbaum,Hillsdale(1992)Renaud,K.,vanBiljon,J.:AQualitativeStudyoftheApplicabilityofTechnologyAcceptanceModelstoSeniorMobilePhoneUsers.In:Song,I.-Y.,Piattini,M.,Chen,Y.-P.P.,Hartmann,S.,Grandi,F.,Trujillo,J.,Opdahl,A.L.,Ferri,F.,Grifoni,P.,Caschera,M.C.,Rolland,C.,Woo,C.,Salinesi,C.,Zimányi,E.,Claramunt,C.,Frasincar,F.,Houben,G.J.,Thiran,P.(eds.)ERWorkshops2008.LNCS,vol.5232,pp.228–237.Springer,Heidelberg(2008)Rybash,J.M.,Roodin,P.A.,Hoyer,W.J.:AdultDevelopmentandAging.BrownandBenchmark,Chicago(1995)Schaie,K.W.:Intellectualdevelopmentinadulthood.In:Birren,J.E.,Schaie,K.W.(eds.)HandbookofthePsychologyofAging,vol.4.AcademicPress,SanDiego(1996)StatisticalyearbookofInteriorinTaiwan,.tw/stat/index.aspTuomainen,K.,Haapanen,S.:Needsoftheactiveelderlyformobilephones.In:Stephanidis,C.(ed.)UniversalAccessinHCI,pp.494–498.LEA,Mahwah(2003)Vercruyssen,M.:Movementcontrolandthespeedofbehavior.In:Fisk,A.D.,Rogers,W.A.(eds.)HandbookofHumanFactorsandtheOlderadult.AcademicPress,Sandiego(1997)Weiss,S.:HandheldUsability.JohnWiley&Sons,NewYork(2002)Welford,A.T.:Changesofperformancewithage.In:Charness,N.(ed.)AgingandHumanPerformance.Wiley,NewYork(1985)Ziefle,M.:Aging,visualperformance,andeyestrainindifferentscreentechnologies.In:ProceedingsoftheHumanFactorsAndErgonomicSociety45thAnnualMeeting,Minneapolis,MN,October8-12,pp.262–266(2001)

ExploringtheInterfaceDesignofMobilePhonefortheElderlyChiuhsiangJoeLin,Tsung-LingHsieh,andWei-JungShiangDepartmentofIndustrialEngineeringChungYuanChristianUniversity200,ChungPeiRdChungLi,Taiwanhsiang@.tw,bm1129@,wjs001@.twAbstract.Thisstudyevaluatedtheinfluencesofmobilephoneinterfacedesignontheoperatingperformanceofagedpeople.Toachievetheobjective,thepresentresearchadopteda2×2withinsubjectexperimentaldesigntodevelopdifferentexperimentaltreatmentsbasedontwotypesofsoftwareinterfacesandtwotypesofhardwareinterfaces.Atotalof20subjectsincluding10youngerparticipants(15-30yearsold)and10olderparticipants(over40yearsold)weretestedinthisexperiment.Threedependentvariableswereunderstudy.Onemeasurereferstotheoperatingtimeofsubjectswhowererequestedtoperformseveraltasksintheexperiment.Thesecondmeasurereferstotheerrorfrequency,definedbythenumberofincorrectstepsthatsubjectsmakewhentheyperformthetasks.Thethirdvariablewasthesubjectiveconveniencethatwasmeasuredbyaseven-pointLikertscale.Finally,thisstudydiscusseddesigndirectionsincellphonedesignfortheagedpeople.Theconclusionsfromthisstudyprovidedausefulreferenceforthemobilephonedesigner.Keywords:Elderlypeople,Mobilephone,Interfacedesign.1IntroductionThedistributionofcellularphonesrepresentsoneofthefastestgrowingtechnologicalfieldsever.InTaiwan,morethan69.9%ofpeoplehadcellularphones[18].Inaddition,followingtheadvancementofinformationtechnology,mobilephonebecomesoneofthedailynecessities.Thetrendofthepresentmobilephonedesignistomanufacturesmallerandlighterones,andprobablymorefunctionseverthaninthepast.Consequently,enhancingthecomplexityoninterfaceofcellularphonesiscriticalfortheoperationoftheusers.AccordingtoHuang[9],thedirectionkeythatwashardwareinterfaceofcellularphonecoulddivideintotwotypessuchascrossanddupletroughly.Furthermore,themainmenuonthescreenthatwassoftwareinterfaceofcellularphonealsocoulddivideintotwotypessuchasmatrixandpageroughly.Themainmenuwithpagetypeonlyshowedsingleoptionbysymbolandwordsonceonthescreen.Usersneedtooperatethedirectionkeytopagetheotheroptionsonthescreen.Ontheotherhand,themainmenuwithmatrixtypeshowednineortwelveoptionsbysymbolandwordsoncethatarrangelikematrixonthescreen.Theinterfacedesigniscertainlyoneofthemostimportantfactorsforuserstosuccessfullyoperatethemobilephone.Nevertheless,iftheinterfacedesignerdidnotconsiderthecognitionaspectoftheuserwhentheydesigntheinterfaceofamobilephone,userswillbemorelikelytoencounterdifficultlyinusingthephone[19].Userscouldnotonlybeawareallofthefunctionsinthecellularphonequicklybutalsofeelconfusedonoperatingeasilybythesoftwareinterfaceofmatrixtype[29].Somestudiesofusers’experienceshaveshownthatthecurrentdesigntrendmaybeinconvenientandnotasfriendlyfortheagedusers[1];[14];[27];[2].Therefore,howtofindthemostsuitablewaytoshowthefunctionwouldbeoneofthemeaningissueswiththedesignersofcellularphone.InTaiwan,thenumberofpeoplewhowereover45yearsoldjumpedupfromabout3.5millionin1980andtoover8millionin2007[26].Accordingtotheabove,theelderlypeopleareincreasinginthepopulationpercentageofTaiwanandthepopulationstructureofTaiwanwillenterintoanageingsociety.Ageingmeanstheprocessthatisaneffectoftheageincreasingonthephysiologyofhuman[6].Agingaffectsawiderangeofhumanbehaviour.Declinesinhumanperformancestartedtosignificantlyaffectphysiologicalabilityofhumaninthe40yearsold[17].Muchresearchindicatedtheintelligence,memory,andattentionofelderlypeoplewoulddegeneratemoreandmorewhiletheirageisincreasing[12];[8];[4];[24];[11];[7];[25];[28],soelderlypeoplelearnnewskilldifficultly[22];[30].However,somestudieshaveshownthatmostmobilephonesoftentailortowhattheyoungpeoplewantbutseemtoneglecttherequirementoftheelderlypeople,leavingfewtypesandselectionsfortheelderly[3];[20];[16];[23];[15].Consequently,elderlypeoplewouldfeelfrustratedwhentheyusethesecellularphonesthatweredesignedforyounger.Accordingly,thisstudyfocusesonexploringthesuitablehardwareandsoftwareinterfacedesignofcellularphoneforelderlypeople.2MethodThisresearchadopteda2×2withinsubjectexperimentdesigntodevelopdifferentexperimentaltreatmentsbasedondifferenttypesofsoftwareinterface(matrixandpage)andhardwareinterface(crossandduplet).Auserinterfaceforcellularphonewasdesigned,containingfouruserinterfaceofvaryingsoftwareinterfaceandhardwareinterface.Thisresearchevaluatedtheinfluencesofcellularphoneinterfacedesignontheoperatingperformanceofagedpeople.Threeindependentvariableswereunderstudy.Onereferstouserage,comparingtheoperatingperformanceofyounger(15-30years)andolderadults(over40years).Thesecondvariablewasthesoftwareinterfaceofcellularphone,definedbydifferenttypesofthemainmenupresentedoncellularphonescreen.Thethirdvariablewasthehardwareinterfaceofcellularphone,definedbydifferenttypesofthedirection.keyforcontrollingtheaspectofoptionsonsoftwareinterface.Asdependentvariables,theoperatingperformancesofdifferentcellularphoneinterfacedesignsweresurveyed.Intotal,twodifferentdependentvariableswereunderstudy.Onemeasurereferstotheoperatingtimeofsubjectswhowererequestedtoperformtwotasks(i.e.setupalarmclockandcallsomeone)intheexperiment.AnothervariablewasthesubjectiveconveniencethatwasmeasuredbyfivetheLikertseven-pointscaleitems.Theexperimentalprocesswas:1)beforetheexperiment,firstexplaintheexperimentcontentandrelatedspecialnote,andacquaintparticipantswiththiscellularphoneemulationprogrambeforeoperating.2)Opentheexperimentinterfaceandtelluserthedetailsofexperiment3)Participantsperformthreetaskswithfourinterfaceconditionsinrandomorder.4)Afterfinishingthreekindoftasks,letuserwrite“Subjectiveconvenience”questionnaire.5)Aftertakinga30-minutesbreak,carryonotherthreekindsofdifferentsoftwareandhardwareinterfacedesigntasksandrepeatsteps3),4),and5).Theexperimentwasfinishedwhenuserfinishedfourkindsofcellularphones.Afterexperimentaldatacollection,aGeneralLinearModel(GLM)statisticalanalysiswasusedtotesttheeffectofthesubjects’ageandinterfacedesignsofcellularphoneontheoperatingtimeandsubjectiveconvenience,andthenalsototesttheinteractiveeffectofthesubjects’ageandinterfacedesigns.3ResultsThisstudyusedGLMstatisticalanalysistoexploretheeffectofageandcellularphoneinterfacedesignonoperatingtimeandconvenienceofsubjects.Theresultwasshownasfollow.First,therewasasignificantlydifferentoperatingtimeofsetupalarmclockbetweenyoungerandolderparticipants(F=10.98,P<0.05).Theolderparticipants’operatingtimeofsetupalarmclock(M=58.10)wassignificantlyhigherthanyoungerparticipants’(M=25.15).Second,therewasasignificantlydifferentoperatingtimeofsetupalarmclockbetweencrossandduplethardwareinterface(F=6.95,P<0.05).Theoperatingtimeofsetupalarmclockbycrosshardwareinterface(M=48.68)wassignificantlyhigherthanduplethardwareinterface(M=34.58).Third,therewasasignificantlyinteractioneffectofageandhardwareinterfacedesignonoperatingtimeofsetupalarmclock(F=3.86,P<0.1),whichresultsshowedonthefigure1.Fig.1.TheinteractioneffectofageandhardwareinterfacedesignonoperatingtimeofsetupalarmclockTheolderparticipants’operatingtimeofsetupalarmclockbycrosshardwareinterface(M=70.40)wassignificantlyhigherthanduplethardwareinterface(M=45.80).Therefore,theyoungerparticipants’operatingtimeofsetupalarmclockbycrosshardwareinterface(M=26.95)wasnosignificantlywithduplethardwareinterface(M=23.35).Fourth,therewasasignificantlydifferentoperatingtimeofcallsomeonebetweenyoungerandolderparticipants(F=6.29,P<0.05).Theolderparticipants’operatingtimeofcallsomeone(M=49.90)wassignificantlyhigherthanyoungerparticipants’(M=8.60).Fifth,therewasasignificantlydifferentsubjectiveconveniencebetweenyoungerandolderparticipants(F=4.25,P<0.1).Theolderparticipants’subjectiveconvenience(M=6.09)wassignificantlyhigherthanyoungerparticipants’(M=5.26).Sixth,therewasasignificantlydifferentsubjectiveconveniencebetweenmatrixandpagesoftwareinterface(F=3.20,P<0.1).Thesubjectiveconveniencebypagesoftwareinterface(M=5.79)wassignificantlyhigherthanmatrixsoftwareinterface(M=5.56).Finally,therewasasignificantlyinteractioneffectofageandsoftwareinterfacedesignonsubjectiveconvenience(F=7.46,P<0.05),whichresultsshowedonthefigure2.Theolderparticipants’subjectiveconveniencebypagesoftwareinterface(M=6.15)washigherthanmatrixsoftwareinterface(M=6.06).Therefore,theyoungerparticipants’subjectiveconveniencebymatrixsoftwareinterface(M=5.56)washigherthanpagesoftwareinterface(M=4.96).Fig.2.Theinteractioneffectofageandsoftwareinterfacedesignonsubjectiveconvenience4DiscussionandConclusionThisstudyevaluatedtheeffectofageandinterfacedesignofcellularphoneonoperatingperformance.Accordingtotheresults,theoperatingtimeofolderparticipantsoperatingtimewassignificantlyhigherthanthatofyoungerparticipants,substantiatingresultsofstudiesdealingwithelderlypeopleapplyingcomputer-basedtasks[13];[21].Furthermore,theoperatingtimeofolderparticipantswithcrosshardwareinterfacewassignificantlyhigherthanduplethardwareinterface,buttheoperatingtimeofyoungerparticipantswithcrosshardwareinterfacewasnosignificantlywithduplethardwareinterface.Inaddition,thesubjectiveconvenienceofolderparticipantswithpagesoftwareinterfacewashigherthanmatrixsoftwareinterface,butthesubjectiveconvenienceofyoungerparticipantswithmatrixsoftwareinterfacewashigherthanpagesoftwareinterfaceoppositely.Thisstudyspeculatesthatmaybebecauseaslowingdownoffunctionswithagecanbeobservedregardingsensoryperformance[10];[31],motorperformance[28],andcognitiveperformance[5].Notonlythecrosshardwareinterfacebutalsothematrixsoftwareinterfacewouldbetoocomplextounderstandandoperateforolderparticipants,sotheolderparticipantswouldprefertouseeasily,simply,andintelligiblyinterfacedesignsuchasduplethardwareinterfaceandpagesoftwareinterface.Theconclusionsfromthisstudycouldactasausefulreferenceforthedesignerofcellularphoneintheprocessofdesigningsuitablecellularphonestoelderlypeople.Simplifyingtheoperatingapproachanddecreasingtheoperatingstepwouldoptimizetheperformanceandsubjectiveconvenienceoftheelderlypeople.References1.Brodie,J.,Chattratichart,J.,Perry,M.,Scane,R.:Howagecaninformthefuturedesignofthemobilephoneexperience.In:Stephanidis,C.(ed.)UniversalAccessinHCI,pp.822–826.LEA,Mahwah(2003)2.Carroll,J.,Howard,S.,Peck,J.,Murphy,J.:Fromadoptiontousetheprocessofappropriatingamobilephone.AJIS10(2),38–48(2003)3.Child,J.:Cellularphonedesignersfacecomplexrequirements.ComputerDesign’s:ElectronicSystemsTechnology&Design37(4),109–113(1998)4.Connely,S.L.,Hasher,L.:Agingandinhibitionofspatiallocation.JournalofExperimentalPsychology:HumanPerceptionandPerformance19(6),1238–1250(1993)5.Craik,F.,Salthouse,T.:TheHandbookofAgingandCognition.LEA,Hillsdale(1992)6.Hawthorn,D.:PsychophysicalAgingandhumancomputerinterfacedesign.In:ComputerHumanInteractionConference1998,Proceedings,Australasian(1998)7.Howard,J.H.,Howard,D.V.:Learningandmemory.In:Fisk,A.D.,Rogers,W.A.(eds.)HandbookofHumanfactorsandtheOlderAdult.AcademicPress,NewYork(1996)8.Hoyer,W.J.,Rybash,J.M.:Ageandvisualfielddifferencesincomputingvisualspatialrelation.PsychologyandAging7(1992)9.Huang,C.F.:ResearchontheConstructionandApplicationofaCase-BasedReasoningSystemforMenuDesignofMobilePhones.TatungUniversityDepartmentofIndustrialDesignMasterDissertation(2005)(inChinese)10.Kline,D.,Scialfa,C.:Sensoryandperceptualfunctioning:basicresearchandhumanfactorsimplications.In:Fisk,A.D.,Rogers,W.A.(eds.)HumanFactorsandtheOlderAdult,pp.27–54(1997)11.Kotary,L.,Hoyer,W.J.:Ageandtheabilitytoinhibitdistractorinformationinvisualselectiveattention.ExperimentalAgingResearch,21(1995)ExploringtheInterfaceDesignofMobilePhonefortheElderly48112.Light,L.L.:Memoryandlanguageinoldage.In:Birren,J.E.,Schaie,K.W.(eds.)HandbookofthePsychologyofAging,vol.3.AcademicPress,Sandiego(1990)13.Lin,D.Y.:Agedifferencesintheperformanceofhypertextperusal.In:ProceedingsoftheHumanFactorsAndErgonomicSociety45thAnnualMeeting,Minneapolis,MN,October8-12,pp.211–215(2001)14.Maguire,M.,Osman,Z.:Designingforolderandinexperiencedmobilephoneusers.In:Stephanidis,C.(ed.)UniversalAccessinHCI,pp.439–443.LEA,Mahwah(2003)15.Mallenius,S.,Rossi,M.,Tuunainen,V.K.:Factorsaffectingtheadoptionanduseofmobiledevicesandservicesbyelderlypeople–resultsfromapilotstudy.In:6thAnnualGlobalMobilityRoundtable2007,LosAngeles,CA,May31-June2(2007)16.Mann,W.C.,Helal,S.,Davenport,R.D.,Justiss,M.D.,Tomita,M.R.,Kemp,B.J.:Useofcellphonesbyelderswithimpairments:Overallappraisal,satisfaction,