陕西省西安市莲湖区2023-2024学年高二上学期11月期中英语试题【含答案解析】

高二英语期中考试质量监测注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．£19.15.B．£9.18.C．£9.15.答案是C。1．Howwillthewomangettotheairport?A．Bysubway.B．Bytaxi.C．Bycar.2．Whatwillthemandolater?A．Buyvegetables.B．Cookdinner.C．Eatout.3．WhenisDr.Brownfreetoday?A．At10:15pm.B．At11:15am.C．At2:30pm.4．Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A．Ataclothesshop.B．Atschool.C．Attheman’shouse.5．Howmanylanguagesisthemanlearningnow?A．One.B．Two.C．Three.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whattimeisitnow?A．7:00pm.B．7:10pm.C．7:30pm.7．WhyisSaracoming?A．Toattendaparty.B．Todobabysittingwork.C．Todeliverashirt.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8．What’swrongwithSam?A．Hegotseriouslyill.B．Helosthismotorbike.C．Hewashitbyacar.9．Wherewillthemangothisafternoon?A．Tothepolicestation.B．Tothehospital.C．ToSam’shome.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10．Whatisthewomandoing?A．Askingforadvice.B．Givinganinterview.C．Introducingherfamily.11．Whomightthewomanbetalkingto?A．Auniversitystudent.B．Aprivateresearcher.C．Aschoolteacher.12．Whatwillthewomandotonight?A．Interviewmorepeople.B．Preparesomequestions.C．Chooseanothertopic.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13．WhodoesJimwanttosendaletterto?A．Lucy.B．Hissister.C．Hisfriend.14．Whenaretheygoingtomeettomorrowmorning?A．At7:00.B．At7:30.C．At8:00.15．Whatdotheyneedtobuyforthepicnic?A．Fastfood.B．Fruitandvegetable.C．Foodanddrink.16．Whatwillthespeakersdothisafternoon?A．Goshoppingtogether.B．Haveapicnicintheforest.C．Meetoutsidetheparkgate.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．InwhichpartofMinnesotawillthestormstart?A．TheeasternpartB．Thesouthernpart.C．Thenorthernpart.18．WhenwillthestormgettotheEastCoast?A．OnWednesday.B．OnThursday.C．OnFriday.19．HowdeepwillthesnowbeinthemountainsofNewYork?A．Abouttwelveinches.B．Abouteightinches.C．Aboutfourinches.20．Whatshouldpeoplepaythemostattentionto?A．Theheavysnowfalls.B．Thelowtemperatures.C．Thehighwinds.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhetheryou’retravelingwithteensorkids,there’sanoptionforyoubelow.JamaicaJamaicaisapreferredplacewhenitcomestofamilyvacationsforareason.Yes,thereareamazinglybluewatersandextensivesandybeaches—alsothere’splentyofadventurestobehad.PuttingupnightsattheRoyaltonNegril,youdon’tevenneedtoleavetheresorttoentertainyourfamily,sincethere’saminiwaterparkandkids’clubonsite.PuertoRicoPuertoRicoisgreatforAmericanfamiliesinneedofaneasygetaway,sinceUScitizensdon’tneedapassporttovisit.Aftersometimeontheisland’sbeautifulbeaches,exploretheUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteofOldSanJuan,whichisjusttwohoursfromMiamiandlessthanfourhoursfromNewYorkCity,byplane.DominicaFamilieswithactiveteensshouldheadtoDominicaforanoff-the-beaten-pathexperience.TheyoungestCaribbeanislandatjust26millionyearsold,it’snicknamedtheNatureIslandforitsthickrainforests,plentifulwaterfalls,andvolcano-fedhotsprings.Theislandisalsohometoone-of-a-kindattractionsliketheWaitukubuliSeaTrail—theonlyseakayaking（皮划艇）trailintheCaribbean.BarbadosIfyouwantyourbeachvacationwithasideofhistory,headtoBarbados.Beyonditsgreatnaturalsetting,theislandhasanabundanceofculturalexperiencesthatareengagingandeducationalforadultsandchildrenalike.ExplorethecolonialarchitectureinBridgetown,tourtheBarbadosMuseum&HistoricalSociety,orappreciateworksbylocalartistsintheGalleryofCaribbeanArtinSpeightstown.1.WhatcankidsdoattheRoyaltonNegril?A.Havefuninthewaterpark. B.Appreciateworksbylocalartists.C.Experienceoff-the-beaten-path. D.ExploretheUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.2.WhatmakesiteasyforAmericanfamiliestovisitPuertoRico?A.Thesimilarculture. B.Thesamelanguage.C.Convenienttrafficmeans. D.Norequestforpassports.3.Thosewhowanttoexperienceculturalbeachtravelcanchoose______.A.Jamaica B.PuertoRico C.Barbados D.Dominica【答案】1.A2.D3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了四个适合和孩子一起去的旅游目的地。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据Jamaica标题下的最后一句话“PuttingupnightsattheRoyaltonNegril,youdon’tevenneedtoleavetheresorttoentertainyourfamily,sincethere’saminiwaterparkandkids’clubonsite.(在RoyaltonNegril过夜，你甚至不需要离开度假村去娱乐你的家人，因为这里有一个迷你水上公园和儿童俱乐部)”可知，孩子们可以在RoyaltonNegril的水上公园愉快地玩耍。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据PuertoRico标题下的第一句话“PuertoRicoisgreatforAmericanfamiliesinneedofaneasygetaway,sinceUScitizensdon’tneedapassporttovisit.(波多黎各非常适合需要轻松度假的美国家庭，因为美国公民不需要护照就可以访问)”可知，美国公民不要护照就可以访问PuertoRico，这让美国人能够轻松的去波多黎各游玩。故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据Barbados标题下的第一、二句话“Ifyouwantyourbeachvacationwithasideofhistory,headtoBarbados.Beyonditsgreatnaturalsetting,theislandhasanabundanceofculturalexperiencesthatareengagingandeducationalforadultsandchildrenalike.(如果你想带着历史的一面去海滩度假，那就去巴巴多斯吧。除了绝佳的自然环境外，该岛还有丰富的文化体验，对成人和儿童都很有吸引力和教育意义)”可知，那些想体验文化海滩旅行的人可以选择Barbados。故选C。BInrecentfastpacedlife,thedemandsandpressuresofworkleftmefeelingmentallyandphysicallystressed.Idecidedtodisconnectfrommyjobforawhileforamentalbreak.Asanaturelover,withoutanydelay,IcametoBorneo,theworld’sthirdlargestisland.Uponarrival,alocalofferedtobemyguide,whichwasagreatbonusforme.HeledmethroughthejungleandIwasimmersedintheexploration.Oneday,theguideturnedoffthesmoothroadandtookmeacrossaroughhillsideinstead.Wepickedourwaygingerlywhensuddenly,aRafflesia(大王花)appearedintomyviewamongthosestones.Morethandelighted,Ibentdownandputmynosepracticallytofeeltheflower’sspecialflavour.AsIwasapproachingtheendofmytrip,therewasanotherthinghighlightingmytrip.Wehappenedtoencounterthekingofthecrocodile(鳄鱼),asaltwatercrocodile,whichcangrowtoalengthof6meters.Itwasgettingdark.Whenweshoneaflashlighttowardsthemuddyshore,littlesoundsemergedinthedarknessasifsomethingunseenunderwaterhadbrokenthemud.Takingasecondlook,wespottedtwogreedyeyesjustabovethewaterline.Cautiously,weapproacheditandfinallycouldfigureoutitwasababycrocodile.Thoughalarmed,IcouldproudlytalkbigthatIhadencounteredahungrycrocodileinthewildandlivedtoback.ThoughIhavesettledbackintotheroutineofeverydaylifenow,theexperiencestayslongafterthephysicaljourneyended.Ihavelearnedtofacelife’schallengeswitharenewedoutlook.Despitetheratraceofdailyexistence,trytosparetimetospotthebreathtakingbeautyofnatureandtheheartfeltconnectionswithothers.Theworldoutthereissofascinating.4.WhydidtheauthorgotoBorneo?A.Toconnectbetterwithhiswork.B.Torelievehimselfofthepressures.C.Tokeepanappointmentwithalocalguide.D.Torewardhimselfforhispromotioninjob.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gingerly”inparagraph2mean?A.Patiently. B.Roughly. C.Cautiously. D.Rapidly.6.Whatisthetoneoftheauthorwhenrecallingthesaltwatercrocodilehemet?A.Critical. B.Instructive. C.Regretful. D.Humorous.7.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodointhelastparagraph?A.Keepabalancebetweenlifeandwork.B.Battlewithchallengesfromlifeandwork.C.Researchyourdestinationsaheadoftime.D.Learnmoreabouttravelsafetyknowledge.【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.A【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。为了缓解工作上的压力，作者来到了加里曼丹岛旅行，并从旅行中得到感悟。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Inrecentfastpacedlife,thedemandsandpressuresofworkleftmefeelingmentallyandphysicallystressed.Idecidedtodisconnectfrommyjobforawhileforamentalbreak.Asanaturelover,withoutanydelay,IcametoBorneo,theworld’sthirdlargestisland.(在最近快节奏的生活中，工作的要求和压力让我感到身心压力。我决定暂时中断工作，暂时休息一下。作为一名自然爱好者，我毫不拖延地来到了世界第三大岛婆罗洲。)”可知，工作的压力让我感到身心俱疲，于是，作者决定放下工作，好好休息一下，所以作者来到了婆罗洲。故选B。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Oneday,theguideturnedoffthesmoothroadandtookmeacrossaroughhillsideinstead.(一天，导游离开了平坦的道路，带我穿过了一个崎岖的山坡。)”可知，这个导游没有走平坦的小路，而是带作者横穿崎岖的山坡。于是，作者小心翼翼地走着。根据语境可知，gingerly意为“谨慎地”。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Thoughalarmed,IcouldproudlytalkbigthatIhadencounteredahungrycrocodileinthewildandlivedtoback.(虽然很惊慌，但我可以骄傲地大张旗鼓地说，我在野外遇到了一只饥饿的鳄鱼，并活了下来。)”可知，作者可以骄傲地吹牛说自己在野外遇到过饥饿的鳄鱼，而且还活了下来。这是一种诙谐的语气。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Despitetheratraceofdailyexistence,trytosparetimetospotthebreathtakingbeautyofnatureandtheheartfeltconnectionswithothers.(抛开日常生活的激烈竞争，试着抽出时间去欣赏令人惊叹的大自然之美，与他人建立真诚的联系。)”可知，人们尽管每天都要忙于奔波，但还是要尽量抽出时间来发现大自然的美，在生活和工作之间保持平衡。故选A。CIn2018RussianscientiststookasoilsamplefromdeepinthepermanentlyfrozengroundinSiberiainRussia.Theydiscoveredtwotinyroundnematodes(线虫)frozeninthesample,whichweresosmallthattheycouldonlybeseenwithamicroscope.Testsshowedthesoilhadbeenfrozenforabout46,000yearsold.Whenthenematodeswereplacedinroomtemperature,theybegantomove.Thenematodesaretheoldestlivinganimalseverbroughtbacktolifeafterbeingfrozen.Thediscoverymakesupfortheresearchonhowlivingthingscansurviveintoughconditions.Nematodescanliveforyearsifthey’refrozen.Theycanenteraspecialstatecalledcryptobiosis(隐生现象),duringwhichanimalsreducetheiractivitiesandconsumeverylittleenergy.Beforethis,thelongestnematodehadbeenknowntosurvivethroughcryptobiosiswasabout25years.Beingrevivedafter46,000yearswasanewrecordforanykindofanimal.ThenematodesweresentofftoGermanytobestudiedfurther.Theresearchersfoundthetwonematodeswereanewspeciesofnematodethathadnotyetbeendiscovered.That’snottoosurprising,sincetherearesomanyspeciesofnematodes.Theyalsofoundthenematodeswereabletosurvivebeingfrozenbetteriftheyweredriedoutalittlefirst.Thedryinghelpedthemproduceaspecialsugarcalledtrehalose(海藻糖),whichhelpedthemsurvivebeingfrozen.Thescientistsalsostudiedanematodespeciesthatiscommonthesedays.Theyfoundthatitalsousesthesugartoprotectitselfincryptobiosis.Bothofthenematodeswerefemales.Beforelong,theybegantohavebabies.Somekindsofnematodes,includingthese,havetheabilityforasinglenematodetohavebabiesallbyitself.Thetwooriginalfrozennematodeshavenowdied.Buttheirbabieshadbabieswhohadbabies,andsoon.Mostofthenematodesonlyliveamonthortwounlesstheygetfrozen.8.Whatdoweknowaboutthetwonematodesinthefirstparagraph?A.Theyweretheoldestlivinganimals.B.Theywerestillalivewhenwarmedup.C.Theywerefoundonthesurfaceoftheground.D.Theywerethetiniestcreatureseverdiscovered.9.Howdoescryptobiosisaffectnematodes?A.Itslowsdownthepaceoftheirlife.B.Ithelpsthemspeeduptheirdrying.C.Itgetstheirbodytemperaturedown.D.Itstopsthemfromconsumingenergy.10.Whichofthefollowingisunrelatedtothenematodes’survivalforyears?A.Cryptobiosis. B.Trehalose. C.Theirsex. D.Drycondition.11Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FemalenematodeslivelongerthanthemaleonesB.NematodescanproduceyoungwhentheyarefrozenC.NematodesarerankedthefastestproducingcreaturesD.Short-livednematodessurvivedforthousandsofyears【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。俄罗斯科学家在西伯利亚的冻土中发现了两只线虫，它们依旧活着，科学家对其进行了研究的事情。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Whenthenematodeswereplacedinroomtemperature,theybegantomove.”（当线虫被放置在室温下时，它们开始移动。）可知，当把线虫置于室温环境下，他们开始动起来。故选B项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Theycanenteraspecialstatecalledcryptobiosis(隐生现象),duringwhichanimalsreducetheiractivitiesandconsumeverylittleenergy.”（它们可以进入一种特殊的状态，称为隐生现象,在此期间，动物减少了它们的活动并且消耗很少的能量。）可知，线虫会进入一种叫做隐生的特殊状态，在这种状态下，动物会减少活动消耗极少的能量。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Nematodescanliveforyearsifthey’refrozen.Theycanenteraspecialstatecalledcryptobiosis(隐生现象),duringwhichanimalsreducetheiractivitiesandconsumeverylittleenergy.”（如果被冷冻，线虫可以存活数年。它们可以进入一种特殊的状态，称为隐生现象,在此期间，动物减少了它们的活动并且消耗很少的能量。）及第三段“Theyalsofoundthenematodeswereabletosurvivebeingfrozenbetteriftheyweredriedoutalittlefirst.Thedryinghelpedthemproduceaspecialsugarcalledtrehalose(海藻糖),whichhelpedthemsurvivebeingfrozen.”（他们还发现，如果先干燥一点，线虫在冷冻状态下能够更好地存活。干燥有助于他们产生一种名为海藻糖的特殊糖,帮助它们在冰冻中幸存下来。）可知，线虫在隐生状态下会减少能量消耗，它们变干后体内会产生海藻糖来帮助它们存活下来，由此可知线虫的性别和与它们能存活几千年没有因果关系。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Theydiscoveredtwotinyroundnematodes(线虫)frozeninthesample,whichweresosmallthattheycouldonlybeseenwithamicroscope.Testsshowedthesoilhadbeenfrozenforabout46,000yearsold.Whenthenematodeswereplacedinroomtemperature,theybegantomove.”（他们发现了两种微小的圆形线虫冷冻在样本中，这些样本太小了，只能用显微镜才能看到。测试表明，这块土地已经被冻了大约4.6万年。当线虫被放置在室温下时，它们开始移动。）及最后一段“Mostofthenematodesonlyliveamonthortwounlesstheygetfrozen.”（大多数线虫只有一两个月的寿命，除非它们被冷冻。）可知，文章主要阐述了俄罗斯科学家在4.6万年的冻土的中发现了两只线虫，虽然它们正常的寿命只有一两个月，但是当它们被放置在室温下却存活了下来的事情，故文章最佳的标题是短命线虫存活了数千年。故选D项。DIfyouliveinSanDiego,you’veprobablynoticedsomestrangelycolouredwateronthebeachlately.Youmightwonderaboutredtide,butit’sactuallyanintentionaljob.ScientistsatUCSanDiegoScrippsInstitutionofOceanographyandUniversityofWashingtonhavebeenexperimentingwithdyeing(给……染色)theoceanatSanDiegobeachpink.Whatcouldtheypossiblybeupto?Thisisbeingdoneforastudythatexamineshowfreshwaterontheoutletoftheseaisintermixingwiththeocean.TheexperimentiscalledPlumesinNearshoreConditions(PiNC).“I’mexcitedbecausethisresearchhasn’tbeendonebeforeandit’sareallyuniqueexperiment,”saidSarahGiddings,aScrippscoastaloceanographerleadingthePiNCstudy.“Theaimistounderstandhowfreshwaterinteractswithoceanwaves,sinceitisusuallywarmerthanoceanwaterandmorefloating.”Theresearchersarehopingthatthispinkdyeexperimentwillhelpthemrecordmoreabouthowpollutantsandsediments(沉积物)aredistributedintheoceanwaterthroughtheseadditionsoffreshwater.Thefreshwaterisdyedpinksothattheteamcaneasilykeeptrackofitwhenfreshwaterisaddedtotheseawater.Thedyedoesnotthreatenthewildlifelivingthereandisthenspottedasitprogressesinthewater.Itistrackedbysensorsonpolesthatarelocatedalongthesandaswellasbydrones(无人驾驶飞机).There’salsoadevicethattracksthelightthatisgivenoffbythepinkdye.Thesensorsrecordtheheightofthewaves,oceancurrentsandtemperature.Giddingsexplained,“We’rebringingtogetheralotofdifferentpeoplewithdifferentexpertise.Ithinkit’sgoingtohavesomereallygreatresultsandimpacts.Wewillcombinetheresultsfromthisexperimentwithaformerfieldstudyandcomputermodelstohelpusfurtherunderstandhowthedyedfreshwaterspreads.”12.Howdoestheauthorleadinthetopicofthetext?A.Byshowingastrangephenomenon. B.Bymakinganassumption.C.Byquotingawell-knownsaying. D.Bymakingacomparison.13.WhatisthepurposeofPlumesinNearshoreConditions?A.Tointroducethebenefitsofdyeingseawaterpink.B.Toshowhowfreshwatercombineswithseawater.C.Toprovethatfreshwateriswarmerthanseawater.D.Toexaminetheimpactoffreshwateronseawater.14.Whyispinkdyeusedbytheteam?A.Itcanenormouslygiveofflight. B.Itcanfunctionwellwithsensors.C.Itcanberecognizedeasilyandeco-friendly. D.Itseemstoattractwildlifeandspreadrapidly.15.WhatwilltheresearchersdoaccordingtoGiddings’wordsinthelastparagraph?A.Challengetheresultswithsomeexperts. B.Buildmorescientificcomputermodels.C.Experimentwithdyesofanothercolour. D.Integratemoreresultsofformerstudies.【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一项关于海洋出口的淡水如何与海洋混合的研究。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“IfyouliveinSanDiego,you’veprobablynoticedsomestrangelycolouredwateronthebeachlately.Youmightwonderaboutredtide,butit’sactuallyanintentionaljob.ScientistsatUCSanDiegoScrippsInstitutionofOceanographyandUniversityofWashingtonhavebeenexperimentingwithdyeing(给……染色)theoceanatSanDiegobeachpink.Whatcouldtheypossiblybeupto?(如果你住在圣地亚哥，你可能会注意到最近海滩上有一些奇怪的颜色的水。你可能会对赤潮感到好奇，但这实际上是一项有意为之的工作。加州大学圣地亚哥分校斯克里普斯海洋学研究所和华盛顿大学的科学家们一直在试验将圣地亚哥海滩的海洋染成粉红色。他们到底想干什么?)”和第二段中“Thisisbeingdoneforastudythatexamineshowfreshwaterontheoutletoftheseaisintermixingwiththeocean.(这是为了一项研究而做的，该研究调查了海洋出口的淡水是如何与海洋混合的。)”可知，作者在第一段中展示圣地亚哥海滩上的奇特现象，进而引出文章的话题：关于海洋出口的淡水如何与海洋混合的研究。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Thisisbeingdoneforastudythatexamineshowfreshwaterontheoutletoftheseaisintermixingwiththeocean.TheexperimentiscalledPlumesinNearshoreConditions(PiNC).(这是为了一项研究而做的，该研究调查了海洋出口的淡水是如何与海洋混合的。这项实验被称为近岸条件下的羽流(PiNC)。)”可知，近岸条件下羽流(PiNC)实验是为了展示淡水是如何与海水结合的。故选B项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thefreshwaterisdyedpinksothattheteamcaneasilykeeptrackofitwhenfreshwaterisaddedtotheseawater.Thedyedoesnotthreatenthewildlifelivingthereandisthenspottedasitprogressesinthewater.(淡水被染成粉红色，这样当淡水加入海水中时，团队可以很容易地跟踪它。这种染料不会威胁到生活在那里的野生动物，然后随着它在水中的发展而被发现。)”可知，团队使用粉色染料是因为它既容易识别又环保。故选C项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Giddings的话“Wewillcombinetheresultsfromthisexperimentwithaformerfieldstudyandcomputermodelstohelpusfurtherunderstandhowthedyedfreshwaterspreads.(我们将把这次实验的结果与以前的实地研究和计算机模型结合起来，帮助我们进一步了解染色的淡水是如何扩散的。)”可知，研究人员接下来将整合更多前人的研究成果。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。MakingtheswitchtoahealthydietSwitchingtoahealthydietdoesn’thavetobeanallornothingproposal.Youdon’thave,tocompletelyavoidfoodsyouenjoy.____16____.Thatusuallyonlyleadstocheatingorgivinguponyourneweatingplan.Abetterapproachistomakeafewsmallchangesatatime.Preparemoreofyourownmeals.____17____.Itcanmakeyoubettermonitorexactlywhatgoesintoyourfoods.You’lleatfewercaloriesandavoidthechemicaladditives,addedsugarandunhealthyfats.____18____.Whencuttingbackonunhealthyfoodsinyourdiet,it’simportanttoreplacethemwithhealthyalternatives.Replacingdangeroustransfats(反式脂肪酸)withhealthyfatswillmakeapositivedifferencetoyourhealth.Focusonhowyoufeelaftereating.Thiswillhelpdevelophealthynewhabitsandtastes.____19____.Themorejunkfoodyoueat,themorelikelyyouaretofeeluncomfortable,boringortiredout.Drinkplentyofwater.Waterhelpsflushoursystemsofwasteproductsandpoison,yetmanyofusgothroughlifedehydrated(脱水的)—causingtiredness,lowenergy,andheadaches.It’scommontomistakethirstforhunger.____20____A.MaketherightchangesB.SettingyourselfupforsuccessC.Andyoudon’thavetochangeeverythingallatonceD.Eatingahealthierdietdoesn’thavetobecomplicatedE.Thehealthierthefoodsyoueat,thebetteryou’llfeelafteramealF.SodrinkingenoughwaterwillalsohelpyoumakehealthierfoodchoicesG.Cookingmoremealsathomecanhelpyoutakechargeofwhatyou’reeating【答案】16.C17.G18.A19.E20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何改变饮食习惯，让自己吃的更健康。【16题详解】上文“Youdon’thave,tocompletelyavoidfoodsyouenjoy.(你不必完全避免的喜欢的食物)”以及下文“Thatusuallyonlyleadstocheatingorgivinguponyourneweatingplan.Abetterapproachistomakeafewsmallchangesatatime.(这通常只会导致作弊或放弃你的新饮食计划。一个更好的方法是一次做一些小的更改)”说明改变饮食习惯不必一次完成。空处顺接上文，和下文形成因果关系。C项“Andyoudon’thavetochangeeverythingallatonce（你不需要一下子改变所有的东西）”中的And起到顺接上文的作用。下文中的That指代C项中的“changeeverythingallatonce”这件事，说明“没有必要一下子改变一切，否则就会导致你有可能会放弃你的新饮食计划”。故选C。【17题详解】上文“Preparemoreofyourownmeals.(多准备一些你自己的饭菜)”说明需要为自己多准备一些饭菜。空处进一步解释这样做的原因。G项“在家多做饭可以帮助你控制自己的饮食”符合语境。G项中的“Cookingmoremeals”和上文“Preparemoreofyourownmeals.”相呼应。故选G。【18题详解】下文“Whencuttingbackonunhealthyfoodsinyourdiet,it’simportanttoreplacethemwithhealthyalternatives.(当你减少饮食中不健康的食物时，用健康的替代品代替它们是很重要的)”说明本段所给建议为要用健康的食物替代饮食中不健康的食物。A项“做出正确的更改”适合作本段的主旨句。故选A。【19题详解】上文“Focusonhowyoufeelaftereating.(专注于你吃东西后的感觉)”说明要关注吃东西后的感觉。空处和下文“你吃的垃圾食品越多，你就越可能感到不舒服、无聊或疲惫”并列描述吃东西后的感觉。E项“你吃的食物越健康，饭后感觉就越好。”符合语境。故选E。【20题详解】上文“Waterhelpsflushoursystemsofwasteproductsandpoison,yetmanyofusgothroughlifedehydrated（脱水的）—causingtiredness,lowenergy,andheadaches.It’scommontomistakethirstforhunger.(水有助于冲洗我们的废物和毒素系统，但我们中的许多人一生都处于脱水状态，导致疲劳、低能量和头痛。把口渴误认为饥饿是很常见的)”说明多喝水的好处，如果喝水不足会导致脱水现象。F项中的Thus和前文构成因果关系，“drinkingenoughwater”和本段的主旨句“Drinkplentyofwater.”相呼应，表明“喝足够的水也有助于你选择更健康的食物”。故选F。【点睛】）第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。We’veallhadawrongnumbertextbefore,buthowoftendotheyleadtoyears-longfriendships?ForJamalandWanda,a___21___texthasresultedinsevenyearsofsharedThanksgivingdinners!In2016,the17-year-oldJamalreceivedatext,___22___fromhisgrandma,askingifhewould___23___ittoThanksgivingthatyear.Afterexchangingafew___24___,itsoonbecameclearthatthetext’ssender,Wanda,___25___,wasnothisgrandma.SheinvitedJamaltothe___26___though,andafterJamal___27___theexchangeontheInternet,thepairwentviral.SpendingThanksgivingtogetherhasbecomean___28___thingforJamalandWanda.Theyearof2023will___29___thetradition’seighthanniversary.Theirfriendshiphasgonefromstrengthtostrength,eventhrough____30____likethepassingofWanda’shusband,Lonnie.Wandasaid,“Jamal____31____methatagemadeabsolutelynodifference.WhenJamalcamealong,myhusbandandIandJamalandhisgirlfriend,wewouldgoouteatingdinnerthrough-outtheyeartogetherandwewouldjustlosealltrackof____32____.Onetime,wewereatarestaurantforthreeorfourhoursandIcouldn’t____33____weweretherethatlong.Wekepttalking!Itwasjustsucha____34____conversation.”Thankstothewrongnumbertext,thetwohavedevelopedadeepfriendship.Thepairhaveevengoneinto____35____together,launchingawatercompany.21.A.suitable B.mistaken C.strange D.tricky22.A.supposedly B.admittedly C.hurriedly D.decidedly23.A.take B.have C.make D.get24.A.objects B.options C.journals D.texts25.A.infact B.afterall C.atonce D.ontime26.A.wedding B.dinner C.dance D.concert27.A.broke B.found C.left D.shared28.A.annual B.easy C.occasional D.obvious29.A.place B.view C.mark D.receive30.A.events B.festivals C.celebrations D.elements31.A.offered B.taught C.advised D.promised32.A.goals B.food C.projects D.time33.A.believe B.claim C.prove D.mention34.A.stable B.brave C.wonderful D.modest35.A.amusement B.business C.education D.politics【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.D25.A26.B27.D28.A29.C30.A31.B32.D33.A34.C35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是一条错误的短信息让两个人建立了友谊并一直持续下去的故事。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对于Jamal和Wanda来说，一条错误的短信导致了七年的感恩节晚餐！A.suitable适合的；B.mistaken错误的，被误解的；C.strange奇怪的；D.tricky难对付的。根据上文中的“We’veallhadawrongnumbertextbefore,buthowoftendotheyleadtoyears-longfriendships?”可知，此处指的是“错误的”短信，wrong与mistaken意义相近。故选B项。【22题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：2016年，17岁的Jamal收到了一条短信，据说是他奶奶发来的，问他当年能不能过感恩节。A.supposedly据说；B.admittedly诚然；C.hurriedly匆忙地；D.decidedly果断地。根据下文中的“Afterexchangingafew___4___,itsoonbecameclearthatthetext’ssender,Wanda,___5___,wasnothisgrandma.”可知，在互发几条信息后，发现不是他的奶奶，由此可知，此处应为“据说”符合语境。故选A项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2016年，17岁Jamal收到了一条短信，据说是他奶奶发来的，问他当年能不能参加感恩节活动。A.take带走；B.have有；C.make使，让；D.get得到。根据下文中的“SheinvitedJamaltothe___6___though”可知，她还邀请Jamal过感恩节，由此可知，此处指的是“参加”感恩节活动，makeit意为“出席或参加某个活动”符合语境。故选C项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在互发了几条短信后，很快就发现短信的发送者Wanda实际上并不是他的奶奶。A.objects客观事物；B.options选择；C.journals杂志；D.texts文本。根据下文中的“itsoonbecameclearthatthetext’ssender”可知，此处指的是互发几条“短信”符合语境。故选D项。【25题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：在交换了几条短信后，很快就发现短信的发送者Wanda实际上并不是他的奶奶。A.infact事实上；B.afterall毕竟；C.atonce立刻；D.ontime按时。根据上文中的“itsoonbecameclearthatthetext’ssender”以及下文中的“wasnothisgrandma.”可知，很显然发短信的不是他的奶奶，所以此处应为“事实上”符合语境。故选A项。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她邀请Jamal参加晚宴，Jamal在网上分享了这段对话后，这两人迅速走红。A.wedding婚礼；B.dinner晚餐；C.dance舞蹈；D.concert音乐会。根据上文中的“askingifhewould___3___ittoThanksgivingthatyear.”以及下文中的“WhenJamalcamealong,myhusbandandIandJamalandhisgirlfriend,wewouldgoouteatingdinnerthrough-outtheyeartogether”可知，在首次发短信邀请Jamal一起过感恩节到后来每年经常一起外出吃晚餐，由此可知，此处指的是邀请他一起吃“晚餐”符合语境。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她邀请Jamal参加晚宴，Jamal在网上分享了这段对话后，这对情侣迅速走红。A.broke打破；B.found发现；C.left离开；D.shared分享。根据下文中的“theexchangeontheInternet,thepairwentviral.”可知，这两人在网上火了，由此可推断，此处指的是Jamal把这段对话在网上“分享”符合语境。故选D项。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一起过感恩节已经成为Jamal和Wanda每年的要做的事情。A.annual每年的；B.easy容易的；C.occasional偶然的；D.obvious显而易见的。根据下文中的“Theyearof2023will___9___thetradition’seighthanniversary.”可知，2023年将是他们一起过感恩节的第八周年了，由此可知，此处应为“每年的”符合语境。故选A项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2023年将是这一传统的八周年纪念。A.place放置；B.view看；C.mark纪念，庆贺；D.receive收到。根据上文中的“SpendingThanksgivingtogetherhasbecomean___8___thingforJamalandWanda.”可知，在一起过感恩节是他们两个人每年要做的事情，由此可知，2023年将是他们“庆贺”这一传统八周年的一年。故选C项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她们的友谊越来越牢固，即使经历了像Wanda的丈夫Lonnie去世这样的事件。A.events重大活动；B.festivals节日；C.celebrations庆祝；D.elements要素。根据下文中的“likethepassingofWanda’shusband,Lonnie.”可知，Wanda的丈夫去世应是“重大事件”符合语境。故选A项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jamal告诉我，年龄绝对没有影响。A.offered提供；B.taught教；C.advised建议；D.promised承诺。根据下文中的“WhenJamalcamealong,myhusbandandIandJamalandhisgirlfriend,wewouldgoouteatingdinnerthrough-outtheyeartogether…”可知，Jamal与他的女朋友和Wanda与她的丈夫经常一起出去聚餐，由此可知，Wanda学会了年龄没有影响，所以此处为Jamal“教”给她年龄没什么影响。故选B项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Jamal出生后，我丈夫和我，还有Jamal和他的女朋友，我们一整年都在一起出去吃晚饭，我们完全忘记了时间。A.goals目标；B.food食物；C.projects工程；D.time时间。根据下文中的“Onetime,wewereatarestaurantforthreeorfourhoursandIcouldn’t___13___weweretherethatlong.”可知，Jamal与Wanda他们在一起出去吃饭，有一次在一家餐馆待了3、4个小时，由此可知，此处指的是他们都忘记了“时间”符合语境。故选D项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我们在一家餐馆待了三四个小时，我简直不敢相信我们在那里待了那么久。A.believe相信；B.claim声称；C.prove证明；D.mention提到。根据上文中的“Onetime,wewereatarestaurantforthreeorfourhours”可知，他们在一家餐馆待了3、4个小时，这是让她不敢“相信”的事情。故选A项。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那真是一次美妙的谈话。A.