北京市海淀区首师附高2023-2024学年高一上学期12月月考英语试题

首师附高2023-2024学年高一上学期12月月考英语学科试题2023.12第一部分：听力理解（共三节，20分）第一节（共4小题；每小题1分，共4分）听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将有5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听一遍。1.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydo?A.Theywillhavebreakfastsoon.B.Theywillhavelunchwithoutwaitingforfather.C.Theywillhavelunchwhenthefatherisback.2.Whatcanweknowfromthedialogue?A.Thecakeissodeliciousthateverybodywillloveit.B.Thewomanwilltellthemanhowtomakethecake.C.Themanwillcookacakeforhischildren.3.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Nobodyobeysthetrafficrules.B.Somedriversdon’tcaremuchaboutthetraffic.C.DriversliketakingU-turnsinthemiddleoftheroad.4.Wherearethespeakerslikelytobe?A.Atthemovie. B.Atthemarket. C.Atthebeach.第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将有5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第5至6小题。5.Whydidthemandecidetobuythesunglasses?A.Becausehelikedthecolorandthestyleverymuch.B.Becausethesunglasseswereonsale.C.Becausethesunglassessuithimwellandtherewasadiscount.6.Whatwastheoriginalpriceforthesunglasses?A.180yuan. B.270yuan. C.360yuan.听下面一段对话，回答第7至8题。7.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Shewillprobablybebusyinafewdays.B.She’stheman’ssecretary.C.She’saworkaholic.8.Howdoesthewomanfeelwhenshehasnothingtodo?A.Stressed. B.Lazy. C.Uncomfortable.听下面一段对话，回答第9至10题。9.HowdidthewomanlearnChinese?A.SheoncewenttoJapan.B.Shelearneditinschool.C.Shelearneditfromherfather.10.HowlonghasthewomanbeeninChina?A.For30years. B.For20years. C.For25years.听下面一段对话，回答第11至12题。11.Whatmightbetherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Husbandandwife. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Friends.12.Whydidthemanputhisfeetonthewoman’stable?A.Becausehewantedtomakethetabledirty.B.Becausehefeltgoodwithhisfeetonthetable.C.Becausehewantedtobuythetablewithalowprice.听下面一段独白，回答第13至14题。13.Whyhavethefiresspreadsofast?A.Becauseofthedroughtconditions.B.Becausetherearetoomanyplants.C.Becausefewpeoplearefightingthefire.14.Whatisthedriver’sattitudetowardputtingoutthefirequickly?A.Optimistic. B.Uninterested. C.Doubtful.第三节（共4小题；每小题1.5分，共6分）听下面一段独白，完成第15至18四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。将答案填写在答题纸相应的位置。TechniquestoimprovememoryTechniquesExamplesUseyourmemoryasmuchaspossibleTrytolearnsomethingnew,becausethe15activitiescanstimulatethebrain.16focusingTakeanyobjectandthinkaboutitsvariouscharacteristics.RelaxTryholdingyour17fortenseconds,andthenreleaseitslowly.AssociateThinkaboutaspecialfeatureofaperson’sfaceandthen18withhisname.第二部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Onlinegamersconstantlymakelifeanddeathdecisionsattheirkeyboards—butit’sjustagame.ATexasgamerwasfacedwithareal-lifesituationandhelped19thelifeofafellowplayer—5,000milesaway.Aidan,inEngland,wasplayinganonlinegameinhisbedroomwhenhehadaseizure.Hisplayingpartner,Dia,inTexas.justputherheadsetonandheardwhatshecouldonlydescribeasaseizure,soshestartedtoget20andaskedwhatwasgoingonandifhewasOK.Whenhedidn’trespond,she21startedtolookuptheemergencynumberintheUK.Whenthatdidn’twork,shejusthadtohopethenon-emergencynumberwouldwork.Ithadan22fortalkingtoarealperson.Someoneansweredthecallandshehadtoforceherselfnotto23andtostaycalm.“Hi,I’m24intheUSandinacallwithmyfriend,”Diatoldtheoperator.“Hehadaseizureandhe’snotrespondinganymore.Idohavehis25Noone’shomewithhimrightnow,soI’mjusttryingtogethimsomehelp.”Actually,Aidan’sparentswerewatchingtelevisiondownstairsanddidnot26theirsonwasindangeruntilthreepoliceofficersknockedattheirdoor.“WeareextremelythankfulforwhatDiadidand27thatwecouldbedownstairsandnotknowanythingwashappening,”Aidan’smothersaid.“Diahadouraddressbutdidn’thaveanycontactnumbers,soitwasamazingthatshe28togethelpfromsofaraway.I’vespokentoherandexpressedourthanks—she’sgladshecouldhelp.”19.A.spare B.enrich C.devote D.save20.A.threatened B.trapped C.concerned D.annoyed21.A.eventually B.instantly C.suddenly D.especially22.A.option B.order C.arrangement D.action23.A.explode B.complain C.panic D.quit24.A.accidentally B.currently C.obviously D.frequently25.A.age B.name C.number D.address26.A.decide B.explain C.realize D.judge27.A.relieved B.shocked C.puzzled D.bored28.A.managed B.learned C.hoped D.promised第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题15分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AThereisoneroadthatspansthousandsofyears.Alongitaretheechoesofcamelbelts,29(connect)pastwithpresent.Crossingmountainsandseas,theroadunveilsapromisingtraderoutebetweentheEastandWest.Theroadfullyembracesthediversityofcivilizations.30(propose)byChinain2013,theroadbelongstothewholeworldwithpeaceanddevelopmentasitsbeacon.It31(embody)principlesofextensiveconsultationandjointcontributionforsharedbenefits.Eventuallyitleadstoavisionofhappinessandwell-beingforpeopleofallcountries.Itisabondofcooperationaswellasfriendship.Itisnotonlyaroadoftrade,butalsoaroadofhappiness.BResearchersarestudyingtheunconsciousreactionsthathappenwhenwemakeeyecontact.Theyhavefoundthatmakingeyecontactmakesuslessawareof32ishappeningaroundus.Webecomemorefocusedonthepersonlookingatus.Eyecontactalsoincreasesbrainactivityandmakesusmoreself-conscious.Evenlookingatapainting33appearstobemakingeyecontactcanalsoaffectareasofthebrainrelatedtothinkingaboutourselvesandotherpeople.Studieshavealsoshownthatitis34(hard)forpeopletoconcentratewhensomeoneislookingatthem.Thisformofeyecontactinterfereswithour35(imagine)andevenourworkingmemory.C36(celebrate)DragonBoatFestival,anunderwaterdanceperformancetitledPraywasairedonHenanTVlastSaturdaynight,thefirstdayoftheholiday.FeaturingthegoddessofLuoRiver—amysteriousbeautybestknowninthepoetryofCaoZhiduringtheThreeKingdomsperiod,,thedancerHaohaoHe,37formersynchronizedswimmer(花样游泳),recreatedtheeleganceofthisancientChinesegoddess.Theentiredance38(film)in26hours,accordingtotheshow’sdirectorJiyongGuo.Netizens,amazedbytheperformance,commentedeveryframeofitlookslikeamural(壁画).Somesaiditspeakstorealculturalconfidence.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIfyou’relookingtobuyagiftforyourchildren,whynotkeepupwiththetrendandgetthebesthoverboard?WhatisaHoverboard?Ahoverboardisatwo-wheeledpersonaltransportationdevice.It’selectrical,portableandbecamehighlypopularin2015inreferencetoapopular1980’smovie.Typically,thisself-balancingdeviceoperateslikeapoweredskateboard.HowDoesaHoverboardWork?Thedevicemayhavemanydesigns,butthemechanismitselfisn’tcomplicated.Basically,astandardhoverboardcontains:Battery:storestheelectricalpower.Almostallhoverboardsuseahigh-wattlithium-ionbattery.●Gyroscope(oneforeachwheel):allowsriderstotilt(倾斜)thehoverboardwhilemaintainingbalanceandadjustingtheirdirection.●Motor(oneineachwheel):providesthepowertothewheelstokeeptheriderbalancedandupright.Logicboard:functionsasthehoverboardbrain.Itprocessesdata—yourspeed,tilt,etc.—andsendsinformationtothemotors.Thisunitcontrolsthepoweroftheboardsoriderscanadjusttheirspeed.Alltheabovecomponentsworktogethertocontrolthepowerandtiltofthehoverboardssotheriderisbalanced,uprightandmovingatacontrolledspeed.WhyBuyaHoverboard?Undoubtedly,hoverboardsarecool.You’veprobablyseenkidsridingonearoundthehouse.They’reaphenomenonandeverybodywantsin.So,whydenyyourkidsandpreventthemfrombeingpartofthistrend?Whereisahoverboardlegal?Despitetheirwildpopularity,hoverboardshaveyettobecome“street-legal”.Currently,someplacesprohibitanyoneunder16fromusingthesedevices,andhoverboardsarebannedinacademicinstitutionsandpublicplaces,likecampusbuildings.parks,shoppingmallsandsubwaystations.Someplaceshavealsoputspeedlimitsonthedevicesandrestrictedtheirusetobikepaths.However,openareas—includingyouryard—arefreeoftheserestrictions.39.Thelogicboardofahoverboardcan________.A.storeelectricity B.powerthewheelsCsendinformationtotheriders D.receivedataandgivecommand40.Accordingtothepassage,ahoverboardcanbeused________.A.oncampus B.inparks C.onbikepaths Dinshoppingmalls41.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Toevaluateagift’squality.B.Torecommendagifchoice.C.Tocomparenewhoverboardmodels.D.Toclarifyfunctionsofthelatesthoverboards.BObjectsWhenmyfatherdied,oneofthetasksthatfelltomewastosortthroughanddecidewhichobjectstosaveandwhichtothrowaway.NowIlookattheobjectsofmylifeasifIweredead,wondering,whatwillmychildrendowiththehumanskull(头骨)thatsitsonthebookcase?They’vebeenwantingtothrowitoutforsomeyears,butwilltheyknowhowmuchcanbelearnedfromlivingwithaskull?AndIknowtheywillthrowthewhiteplasticheadofahorseonmydeskintoarubbishbagwithoutathought,neverknowingthatitistheonlypieceremainingfromthefirstchesssetIowned.Itismeatagetwelve.Butthefinaldecisionsarelefttothosewhoknowusleast—ourchildren.Iwastheclosesttomyfatherandknewhimwell;however,onlywhenIwasgoingthroughhisstudydidIlearnhehadcollectedpicturepostcardsofhotels.WhatwasItodowithalltheobjectsthathadbeenhim?Thesadpartofmewantedtoputeverythinginmycarandtakeithome.Therational(理性的)won,however,andIfilledrubbishbagswitholdnewspapers,magazines,apologizingtohisspiritasIdid.Icouldnotthrowoutthethousandsofpictureshehadtakenonhistravels.Ibroughtthepictureshome,thoughIwillneverlookatthem.Ibroughttwelveboxesofmyfatherhome.Ilookattheobjectsthataremylifeandtheonlywaymychildrencansatisfymeisbynottouchingathing.ButtheymustifIamtogoonwithmydeath.AndIwonderhowmanyboxesofmewillmychildrenkeep?Ilookattheseobjectsthataremeandknow,too,thattheyaresymbolsofhowaloneIandeachofusis,fornooneknowswhatanyobjectmeansexceptheorshewhoownsit.Everyobjectofourlivesisamemory,andemotionsurroundsaroundit,hidingandprotectingatinytruthoftheheart.OnlyInavethememoriesofwhenandhoweachonewasobtained;Ilookattheobjectsthatareme.andthememoriesarewarmandpermeatedwithlove.42.Whydoesthewriterkeeptheplasticheadofahorse?A.Becauseitbringsbackmemoriesofhischildhood.B.BecauseheaccepteditasaprizeforacompetitionC.Becauseitmakeshimaverygoodchessplayer.D.Becausehisfathergaveittohimasagift.43.Howdidthewriterdealwiththeremainingobjectsofhisfatherafterhedied?A.Hethreweverythingaway. B.Hesavedsomeoftheworthlessobjects.C.Hetooksomeofthemtohisownhouse.D.Hesortedthemandputthemintogoodorder.44.Whatdoweknowaboutthewriter?A.Heknowsmoreabouthisfatherafterhisfatherdied.B.Hereliesonhischildrentodealwithhispossessions.C.HepreferstocollectdifferentskullsD.Heisverystrictwithhischildren.45.Accordingtothelastparagraph,theobjectswesave________.A.serveasthesymbolsofoursocialclassB.areremindersofpastexperiencesC.arequiteexpensiveandvaluableD.makeusproudofourselvesCAbutterfly’swingscanhavemanyjobsbesideskeepingtheinsecthighupintheair.Theymaybeusedtoattractmates,ortowarmpotentialattackerstostayaway.Alloftheseroles,though,dependontheirunchangingcolouration.Thisplaysintotheideathatbutterflywingsaredeadtissue,likeabird’sfeathers.Infact,that’snottrue.Forexample,insomespeciesmales’wingshavespecialcellsreleasingsomechemicalswhichattractfemales.NanfangYu,aphysicistatColumbiaUniversity,inNewYork,hasbeenlookingintothematter.TogetherwithNaomiPierce,abutterflyspecialistatHarvardUniversity,hehasnowshown,inapaperpublishedinNatureCommunicationsinFebruary,2020,thatbutterflywingsare,indeed,verymuchalive.Intheirexperiments,thetworesearchersusedalasertoheatupspotsonthewingsofdozensofbutterflyspecies.Whenthetemperatureoftheareaunderthelaserreached40℃orso,theinsectsrespondedwithinsecondsbydoingthingsthatstoppedtheirwingsheatingupfurther.Theseactionsincludedabutterflyturningaroundtominimizeitsprofiletothelaser,movingitswingsupanddownorsimplywalkingaway.Butterfliesengagedinalloftheseheat-minimizingactivitiesevenwhentheresearchersblindfoldedthem.Thatsuggestedtherelevantsensorswereonthewingsthemselves.Dr.YuandDr.Piercethereforesearchedthosewingsforlikelylookingsensorycells.Theyfoundsome,intheformofneurons(神经元)thatweresimilartoheatdetectorsknownfromotherinsects.Theyalsouncovereddisc-shapedcellsthatappearedtobesimilartopressure-sensitiveneurons.Theyguessthatthesearetheretodetectdeformationofthewing—informationaninsectcouldusetocontrolitsflightpattern.Thethirddiscoverytheymadetocontradictthe“deadwing”ideawasthatsomebutterflywingshaveaheartbeat.Abutterfly’swingshaveveins(静脉).Thesecarryabloodlikeliquidwhich,researchershavenowfoundinmales,showsapulseofseveraldozenbeatsperminute.Thesourceofthispulseappearstobethescentpad,adarkspotonthewingsthatproducesthefemale-attractingchemicals.Apparently,this“wingheart”actsasapumpthathelpsbloodlikeliquidthroughthescentpad.Inalltheirexperimentssimulatingdifferentenvironmentalconditions,Dr.YuandDr.Pierceconsistentlyfoundthat,differentpartsofthewingarecoveredbydifferentsortsofscales(鳞屑).Inparticular,tubespassthroughscalesoverthescentpads.Thisimprovestheirabilitytospreadheatawayandhelpskeepthelivingpartsofabutterfly’swingalive.46.Abird’sfeathersarementionedinParagraph1to________.A.introducethelatestresearchfindingsonabirdB.highlightthespecialfeatureofabird’sfeathersC.showcommonknowledgeaboutbutterflywingsD.stressthedifferencebetweenabutterflyandabird47.WhatcanwelearnfromDr.YuandDr.Pierce’sexperiments?A.Butterflywingsarecomplicatedlivingorgans.B.Butterflywingshavelittlereactiontoexternalheat.CThescentpadsonsomemalebutterflywingsaretheirhearts.D.Heat-minimizingactivitieshelpdetectdeformationofthewings.48.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?ASeeingIsBelieving B.MoreThanMeetsTheEyeC.NothingSeek,NothingFind DFineFeathersMakeFineBirdsDWetalkcontinuouslyabouthowtomakechildrenmore“resilient”,butwhateverwe’redoing,it’snotworking.Ratesofanxietydisordersanddepressionarerisingrapidlyamongteenagers.Whatarewedoingwrong?NassimTalebinventedtheword“antifragile”andusedittodescribeasmallbutveryimportantclassofsystemsthatgainfromshocks,challenges,anddisorder.Theimmunesystemisoneofthem:itrequiresexposuretocertainkindsofbacteriaandpotentialallergens(过敏原)inchildhoodinordertodeveloptoitsfullability.Children’ssocialandemotionalabilitiesareasantifragileastheirimmunesystems.Ifweoverprotectkidsandkeepthem“safe”fromunpleasantsocialsituationsandnegativeemotions,wedeprive(剥夺)themofthechallengesandopportunitiesforskill-buildingtheyneedtogrow,strong.Suchchildrenarelikelytosuffermorewhenexposedlatertootherunpleasantbutordinarylifeevents,suchasteasingandsocialrejection.It’snotthekids’fault.IntheUK,asintheUS,parentsbecamemuchmorefearfulinthe1980sand1990sascableTVandlatertheInternetexposedeveryone,moreandmore,tothoserareoccurrencesofcrimesandaccidentsthatnowoccurlessandless.Outdoorplayandindependentmobilitywentdown;screentimeandadult-monitoredactivitieswentup.Yetfreeplayinwhichkidsworkouttheirownrulesofengagement,takesmallrisks,andlearntomastersmalldangersturnsouttobevitalforthedevelopmentofadultsocialandevenphysicalcompetence.Deprivingthemoffreeplaypreventstheirsocial-emotionalgrowth.NorwegianplayresearchersEllenSandseterandLeifKennairwarned:“Wemayobserveanincreasedanxietyormentaldisordersinsocietyifchildrenareforbiddenfromparticipatinginageadequateriskyplay.”Theywrotethosewordsin2011.Overthefollowingfewyears,theirpredictioncametrue.Kidsbornafter1994aresufferingfrommuchhigherratesofanxietydisordersanddepressionthandidthepreviousgeneration.Besides,thereisalsoariseintherateatwhichteenagegirlsareadmittedtohospitalfordeliberatelyharmingthemselves.Whatcanwedotochangethesetrends?Howcanweraisekidsstrongenoughtohandletheordinaryandextraordinarychallengesoflife?Wecan’tguaranteethatgivingprimaryschoolchildrenmoreindependencetodaywillbringdowntherateofteenagesuicidetomorrow.Thelinksbetweenchildhoodoverprotectionandteenagementalillnessaresuggestivebutnotclear-cut.Yettherearegoodreasonstosuspectthatbydeprivingournaturallyantifragilekidsofthewiderangeofexperiencestheyneedtobecomestrong,wearesystematicallypreventingtheirgrowth.Weshouldletgo—andletthemgrow.49.WhydoestheauthormentiontheimmunesysteminParagraph2?A.Tostressitsimportance. B.Toanalyzethecauseofanxiety.C.Toquestionthelatestdiscovery. D.Tohelpunderstandanewword.50.Parentsoverprotectchildrenbecause________.A.theyareconcernedabouttheirchildren’ssafetyB.theywanttokeepchildrenfrombeingteasedC.parent-monitoredactivitiesareamustD.childrenarenotindependentenough51.Accordingtotheauthor,freeplaycan________.A.promotechildren’sresilience B.strengthenchildren’sfriendshipC.reducechildren’sriskybehavior D.developchildren’sleadershipskills52.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Stoptryingtoperfectyourchild.B.Ittakesgreatcouragetoraisechildren.C.Preparethechildfortheroad,nottheroadforthechild.D.Whilewetrytoteachourchildrenallaboutlife,ourchildrenteachuswhatlifeisallabout.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。PublicSpeakingandCriticalThinkingWhatiscriticalthinking?Toacertaindegree,it’samatteroflogic—ofbeingabletospotweaknessesinotherpeople’sargumentsandtoavoidtheminyourown.Italsoincludesrelatedskillssuchasdistinguishingfactfromopinionandassessingthesoundnessofevidence.Inthebroadsense,criticalthinkingisfocused,organizedthinking—theabilitytoseeclearlytherelationshipsamongideas.53Thegreatestthinkers,scientists,andinventorshaveoftentakeninformationthatwasreadilyavailableandputittogetherdifferentlytoproducenewideas.That,too,iscriticalthinking.54Astheclassgoeson,forexample,youwillprobablyspendagooddealoftimeorganizingyourspeeches.Whilethismayseemlikeapurelymechanicalexercise,itiscloselyconnectedwithcriticalthinking.Ifthestructureofyourspeechislooseandconfused,chancesarethatyourthinkingisalsodisorderedandconfused.If,ontheotherhand,thestructureisclear,thereisagoodchanceyourthinkingistoo.Organizingaspeechisnotjustamatterofarrangingtheideasyoualreadyhave.55Whatistrueoforganizationistrueofmanyaspectsofpublicspeaking.56Asyouworkonexpressingyourideasinclear,accuratelanguage,youwillimproveyourabilitytothinkclearlyandaccurately.57Asyoulearntolistencriticallytospeechesinclass,youwillbebetterabletoassesstheideasofspeakersinavarietyofsituations.Ifyoutakefulladvantageofyourspeechclass,youwillbeabletodevelopyourskillsasacriticalthinkerinmanycircumstances.ThisisonereasonpublicspeakinghasbeenregardedasavitalpartofeducationsincethedaysofancientGreece.A.Rather,itisanimportantpartofshapingtheideasthemselves.B.Thismayseemlikealotoftime,buttherewardsarewellworthit.C.Itmayalsohelpyoutoknowthatthereisnosuchthingasaperfectspeech.D.Ithasoftenbeensaidthattherearefewnewideasintheworld,onlyreorganizedideas.E.Ifyouarewonderingwhatthishastodowithyourpublicspeakingclass,theanswerisquitealot.F.Theskillsyoulearninyourspeechclasscanhelpyoubecomeamoreeffectivethinkerinanumberofways.G.Asyoustudytheroleofevidenceandreasoninginspeechmaking,youwillseehowtheycanbeusedinotherformsofcommunicationaswell.第四部分：书面表达（共一节，12分）阅读表达（共4小题；第58、59小题各2分，第60小题3分；第61小题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。CollectingAsaHobbyCollecting