适用于老高考旧教材广西专版2023届高考英语二轮总复习第一部分语篇型语法填空和短文改错专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致课件

第一部分专题十一特殊句式与主谓一致英语内容索引基础自诊•夯基固本高频考点•探究突破新题演练•能力迁移基础自诊•夯基固本词汇复习11(根据汉语提示填入以f开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以f开头的课标高频词汇。)【情景】Whenthefashionartmasterdeliveredthespeech,hementionedthatyouhaveto1.________(打;斗争)againstthefollowing

2.________(因素)suchasself-doubt,3.________(失败),loneliness,misunderstandingandeventhreatonconditionthatyouwanttohaveaccesstoachievement.Furthermore,youshouldget4.____________(熟悉)withanyflexible

change,focus

onthekeypointsandformagoodhabit.Onlyinthiswaycanapersonhavegoodfortune.

fightfactorsfailurefamiliar译文

当那个时尚艺术大师发表演讲时,他提道:如果你想获得成就,你必须和以下因素做斗争,例如,不自信、失败、孤独、误解,甚至是威胁。而且,你应该熟悉任何灵活的变化,着重关注要点,养成好习惯。只有用这种方式一个人才可以得到好运。特殊句式很特别,每类都有规则寻;注意语境和逻辑,感情表达更充分。1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷改编)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat________________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.

were解析:考查动词的时态及主谓一致。根据后面的副词previously可知,此处用一般过去时;that指代前面的a

significant

number

of

areas,所以谓语动词用复数形式。故用were。2.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit_____________(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.”

3.(2020·浙江卷)And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood________________(need).

means解析:考查主谓一致。根据上文的excites,says以及have可知,该处需用一般现在时,又因从句主语是it,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式

means。means解析:考查主谓一致。food

为不可数名词,谓语动词该用第三人称单数形式,又因food与need之间为动宾关系,故用被动语态。4.(2020·山东卷)Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection_____________(be)ondisplay.

5.(2018·天津卷改编)Itwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhouse________________wesawLilyinthepassengerseat.

is解析:考查主谓一致。该句主语为a

small

part

of...,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。that解析:考查强调句型。句意:只有当汽车停在我们的房子前,我们才看见莉莉坐在乘客座上。强调句的特点是去掉It

was和that,句子仍是完整的,本句符合这个特点。故填that。6.(2018·北京卷改编)Inanyunsafesituation,simply__________(press)thebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.

press解析:考查祈使句。句意:在任何不安全的情况下,仅仅按一下这个按钮,一个训练有素的人员就会给你所需要的帮助。本题是“祈使句+and+简单句”结构,所以填动词原形。7.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷)China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile________________(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.

feeding解析:考查省略句。句意:中国在为公民提供食物的同时保护环境的做法“为世界各地的农业和食品政策制定者提供了有益的经验教训”,银行的Juergen

Voegele说道。本句是省略句,句子补全为:while

it

is

feeding...。由于主句的主语和从句的主语一致,所以省去了it

is。高频考点•探究突破一、强调句型1.强调句的基本构成为:Itis/was+被强调部分+who/that+其他成分。一般来说,被强调部分指人时,可用who或that;被强调部分指物时,用that。ItwasJohnwho/thatworehisbestsuittothedancelastnight.是约翰昨晚穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会的。ItwashisbestsuitthatJohnworetothedancelastnight.约翰昨晚是穿着他最好的一套衣服去参加舞会的。2.强调句的一般疑问句形式为“Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that+其他成分”;特殊疑问句形式为“Wh-疑问词+is/wasit+that+其他成分”。Wasitinhighschoolthatyoubeganplayingbasketball?你是不是在高中的时候开始打篮球的?Wherewasitthatyouputyourmobilephoneaftercomingback?你回来之后把手机放在什么地方了?3.not...until...结构中的状语成分在强调句型中被强调时,not与until要放在一起。ItwasnotuntilheremovedhissunglassesthatIrecognizedhim.直到他把太阳镜摘下来我才认出他来。注意

强调句中的主谓一致:当强调主语时,其后的谓语动词应与主语一致,即人称和数要一致。Itismymotherwhocookseveryday.每天煮饭的是我妈妈。Itishewhoiswrong.是他错了。二、全部倒装1.表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语,如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,onthewall,underthetree等置于句首、且主语是名词时,此时要用全部倒装。Theregoesthebell.铃响了。Onthetopofthehillstandsapinetree.山顶有棵松树。2.代词such放在句首、且在句中做表语时,此时要用全部倒装。Sucharethefacts;noonecandenythem.这些就是事实;没有人可以否认它们。3.为平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密,常将做表语的形容词、副词、分词或介词短语提到句首,引起全部倒装。Seatedinthefirstlinearesomeadvancedworkers.坐在第一排的是一些先进工作者。注意

1.全部倒装句中不用进行时,采用一般现在时态代替进行时。Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscominghere.公交车来了。2.当句子的主语为人称代词时,即使有表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语置于句首,句子也不再用倒装结构。Outherushed.他冲了出去。三、部分倒装1.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句做状语且放在句首时,句子用部分倒装。OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语。Onlywhenonelosesfriendshipdoesoneknowitsvalue.只有当一个人失去友谊时,他才知道友谊的价值。2.否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表示否定意义的介词短语atnotime,under/innocircumstances,innocase,bynomeans,onnocondition,innoway等置于句首时,句子用部分倒装。NeverbeforehaveIseensuchamovingfilm.=Ihaveneverseensuchamovingfilmbefore.以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。BynomeanswillIgiveupsearchingformylostdog.我绝不会放弃寻找我那只丢失的狗。3.as/though引导让步状语从句时,要将表语、状语或谓语动词提到句首;though引导让步状语从句时,也可用正常语序。Tiredthough/ashewas,hekeptonrunning.=Thoughhewastired,hekeptonrunning.尽管他很累,但还是继续跑着。4.倒装句常见句型总结

句型意义倒装位置So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语……也是如此

Neither/Nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语……也不……

So+adj./adv....+that...如此……以至于……that之前的部分Such+adj.+n....+that...如此……以至于……that之前的部分Neither...nor...既不……也不……Neither后的分句Notonly...but(also)...不仅……而且……Notonly后的分句Notuntil...直到……才……Notuntil...之后不倒装,主句倒装Hardly/Scarcely...when...刚……就……Hardly/Scarcely后的主句Nosooner...than...刚……就……Nosooner后的主句Sofrightenedwasshethatshecouldnotsayaword.她如此害怕以至于一句话也说不出来。Suchgreatprogressdidhemakethathewaspraised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。HardlyhadIenteredthelecturehallwhenIwassurroundedbythestudents.我刚一进入报告厅就被同学们围住了。四、省略句及其他(一)省略句1.not,so的替代性省略动词believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,suppose,think等和I’mafraid后面可用替代词so或not来避免重复前面提到的内容。表示肯定意义时,以上动词都可与so搭配;但表示否定意义时,hope与guess只用Ihopenot和Iguessnot的形式,而think,believe,suppose等词可有两种形式,即:Ithinknot和Idon’tthinkso。如:—Dotheymindyousmokingthere?——他们介意你在那儿吸烟吗?—Idon’tthinkso./Ithinknot.——我想不会。2.在when,while,whenever,till,assoonas,if,unless,asif,though,as等引导的状语从句中,若从句的主语是it或与主句的主语相同,且在谓语部分含有be动词时,从句的主语和be动词常被省略。If(itis)possible,IwanttotraveltoBeijingwithmyfamily.如果有可能,我想同家人一起去北京旅游。Youcan’tbecarefulenoughwhile(youare)crossingthestreet.过马路时你怎么小心都不为过。Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhen(itis)comparedtosuchartformsasmusicandpainting.电影制作艺术的历史要短得多,尤其是同音乐、绘画之类的艺术形式比较的时候。3.不定式的省略①通常情况下,只留下不定式符号to,常用于beafraid/glad/happy,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等词之后。HethoughtIhurthimintentionally,butIdidn’tmeanto.他认为我有意伤害他,可我并无此意。②如果不定式后有系动词be或助动词have时,be和have不能省略。Idon’tthinkJimislazyinhisstudy,butheusedtobe.我认为吉姆在学习上并不懒惰,可他过去是很懒惰的。I’dliketohavegonetoyourparty,butIwastoobusy.我本想参加你的聚会,但我太忙了。(二)祈使句祈使句的固定句式1.祈使句+and+简单句表示“如果……就……”DothatagainandI’llcallapoliceman.你再那样做我就要叫警察了。2.祈使句+or+简单句表示“……否则……”Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.快点,不然你就迟到了。注意

有时名词短语可以看作是祈使句。AfewmoreminutesandIwillfinishthework.再给我几分钟我就会完成这项工作。(三)感叹句感叹句的固定句式1.Whata(n)+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语!Whataninterestingstoryitis!多么有趣的故事啊!Whatahappy(tired/busy...)dayitis!多么快乐的(疲惫的/忙碌的……)一天啊!2.What+形容词+复数名词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!Whatbeautifulbutterfliestheyare! 多么漂亮的蝴蝶啊!Whatfineweatheritistoday! 今天天气多好啊!3.How+形容词+a(n)+单数名词+主语+谓语!/What+a(n)+adj.+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!Howtallaboyheis!=Whatatallboyheis!这个男孩真高啊!4.How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!Howwellsheplays!她演奏得多好啊!Howtouchinghisspeechwas!他的演讲真动人啊!(四)附加疑问句1.祈使句的附加疑问句,疑问部分用“willyou?”。Don’tdothatagain,willyou?注意

Let’s开头的祈使句,后用“shallwe?”;Letus开头的祈使句,后用“willyou?”。Let’sgoandlistentomusic,shallwe?咱们去听音乐,好吗?Letuswaitforyouinthereadingroom,willyou?我们在阅览室等你,好吗?2.主句主语为第一人称,谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的宾语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成附加疑问句。Idon’tthinkheisbright,ishe?我认为他不太聪明,对吗?Webelieveshecandoitbetter,can’tshe?我们相信她能做得更好,不是吗?五、主谓一致主谓一致即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致三种原则。做题时要注意语境中的时态及其他语法现象。(一)语法一致原则只要确定句子的主语是单数形式,则谓语动词用单数;若句子的主语是复数形式,则谓语动词用复数。Electriccarsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendlythantraditionalcars.电动汽车比普通汽车更环保。1.主语后跟由with,togetherwith,alongwith,except,besides,aswellas,inadditionto,including,ratherthan等构成的短语时,谓语动词的数要和这些词汇前面的名词的数保持一致。(因为with等词为介词,其后跟的名词只能是介词宾语,不可能充当主语。)Mr.GreentogetherwithhischildrengoestotheparkeverySunday.格林先生和他的孩子们每个周日都去公园。ThegirlsaswellastheboyhavelearnedtospeakJapanese.除那个男孩外,这些女孩也学会了说日语。2.“every/each/no+单数名词+and+every/each/no+单数名词,morethanone+单数名词,manya+单数名词,one+单数名词+andahalf”做主语时,谓语动词用单数。Everyboyandeverygirlishavingsportsnow.每个男孩和女孩现在正在做运动。Manyachildwasplayingthere.许多孩子正在那边玩耍。Morethanonestudenthasfailedtheexam.不止一个学生考试失利了。Oneappleandahalfwasonthetable.桌子上有一个半苹果。3.在“Such+be+名词/代词”句型中,谓语动词的单复数根据后面的名词确定。Suchismyplanforthefuture.这就是我未来的计划。(二)意义一致原则1.当and连接的两个并列主语在意义上指同一个人、同一个事物、同一件事或者同一个概念时,应看作单数,谓语动词用单数形式。但是,当and连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时,其实是指两种不同的事物,主语则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数。ThewriterandteacherSmithhasgonethroughmillionsofupsanddownssincehemovedtoSydney.那位既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.战争与和平在历史上是一个永恒的主题。ChineseandJapanesesilkareofgoodquality.中国丝绸和日本丝绸质量都不错。2.“anumberof+复数名词”意思是“许多……”,表示复数意义;“thenumberof+复数名词”意思是“……的数目”,表示单数概念。“thepopulationof...”意思是“……的人口数量”,做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;但如果是分数、百分数(halfof/therestofthepopulation)做主语时,具体指其中的多少人,表达复数意义,谓语动词则常用复数形式。“theaverageof...”意思是“……的平均数量”,做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisquitelargeandanumberofteachersworkhard.我们学校学生很多并且很多教师工作很努力。Thepopulationofthecountryislargeandmostofthepopulationarefarmers.那个国家的人口很多,大部分人口是农民。3.当非谓语动词和名词性从句做主语时,谓语动词用单数。Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。Doingeyeexercisesisverygoodforyoureyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。Whathesaidisofgreathelptoourwork.他说的对我们的工作很有帮助。(三)就近一致原则1.谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近的做主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有:or,not...but...,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等。EitherIortheyareresponsiblefortheresultofthematter.要么是我要么是他们为这件事的结果负责。Neithertheunkindwordsnortheunfriendlyattitudehascausedmeanydistress.不友善的话语和不友好的态度都没给我带来任何沮丧。2.当therebe句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。Thereisapenandseveralbooksonthedesk.桌子上有一支钢笔和几本书。Therearetwentyboystudentsandtwenty-threegirlstudentsintheclass.班里有二十个男同学和二十三个女同学。新题演练•能力迁移一、单句语法填空1.(2020·广西南宁高三二模)Hedoesn’tthinkhimselfspecialandoftenstressesthatheisjustanordinarykidwho________________(love)readingaboutscienceanddoingexperiments.

2.(2020·北京东城高三二模)Mostofourtimeatthedesk__________(spend)wrestlingwithourimagination,andweknowthatasuccessfulpoemarrivesonthebackoffailure.

3.(2020·北京朝阳高三二模)Ifyourkidsarelookingforsomethingalittletrickier,why_______________letthemtryusingmagnetstomaketheirowncompass(指南针)?

lovesisspentnot4.(2022·山东枣庄二模)Music________________(include)alotofrepetition.

5.(2022·广东深圳二调)Itisroughlyestimatedthatthere_____________(be)atleastathousandpaintingsinthegallery.

6.WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschool_____________Mr.Smithgotangry?

7.Givemeachance,_____________I’llgiveyouawonderfulsurprise.

8.—IspenttwoweeksinLondonlastsummer.—ThenyoumusthavevisitedtheBritishMuseumduringyourstay,_____________you?

includesarethatanddidn’t

9._______________foolishwhatthesixblindmensaidsounded!

10.Idon’tthinkDavidcanfinishtheworkontime,__________________?

11.________________aninterestingrolesheplayedinthefilm!NowondershehaswonanOscar.

12.Onlyafteronehasbecomeaparent____________herealizehowgreathisparentsare.

HowcanheWhat

will二、根据括号内的提示,改写下列句子1.Jackwasmyprofessor.Heencouragedmetogoonwithmyexperiment.(改为强调句)→________________,whowasmyprofessor,____________/____________encouragedmetogoonwithmyexperiment.

2.Assoonastheprofessorarrivedatourschool,hewaswarmlywelcomed.(改为倒装句)→__________________/________________hadtheprofessorarrivedatourschool,_____________/_____________hewaswarmlywelcomed.

ItwasJackthatwhoNosoonerHardlythanwhen3.Hewasdevotedtohisstudyandcaredlittleabouthisclothes.(改为省略句)→_____________________hisstudy,hecaredlittleabouthisclothes.

4.Ifyouarenotinvitedtospeak,youshouldkeepsilentatthemeeting.(用unless改为省略句)→________________________tospeak,youshouldkeepsilentatthemeeting.

5.Hedidn’tcomehereuntilyesterdayafternoon.(改为强调句和倒装句)→________________yesterdayafternoon_________hecamehere.(强调句)

→_______________yesterdayafternoon________________here.(倒装句)

Devotedto

Unlessinvited

ItwasnotuntilthatNotuntildidhecome三、单句改错1.OnthefrontwalloftheclassroomhangamapofChina.2.Knockingatthedoorbeforeyouentertheoffice,oryou’llbeconsideredimpolite.3.Whatdifferentlifetodayisfromwhatitwas20yearsago!hang→hangsKnocking→Knock

What→How4.Itwastotallybychancewhentheydiscoveredtheentrancetotheundergroundpalace.5.Whilewaitfortheopportunitytogetpromoted,Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.when→that

wait→waiting四、语篇填空Whenthewinterapproaches,tanghulu,atraditionalChinesesnackcanbefoundonthestreetcornerinnorthernChina.Sinceancienttimes,it1.__________(be)verypopularwithnatives,especiallychildren.

Tanghuluis2._____________(common)madeofhaws(山楂果),whicharerichinvitaminCandareknown3.___________(have)traditionalChinesemedicinalproperties.Accordingtoalegend,intheSongDynasty,oneoftheemperor’s4.__________