适用于老高考旧教材广西专版2023届高考英语二轮总复习第一部分语篇型语法填空和短文改错专题八定语从句课件

第一部分专题八定语从句英语内容索引基础自诊•夯基固本高频考点•探究突破新题演练•能力迁移基础自诊•夯基固本词汇复习8(根据汉语提示填入以d开头的单词的适当形式,然后背诵情景,熟记以d开头的课标高频词汇。)【情景】Noonecandenythefactthatwiththe1._____________(发展)oftheeconomyinthepastdecades,thestandardofpeople’slifehasbeenincreasingrapidly,duringwhichtimethegovernmenthasmadewise2.__________(决定)andtakeneffectivemeasurestostopthequalityofairandwaterfromdeclining,andgoodlandfrombeingdamaged/destroyed,thusmakingsurepeople’shealthlevelisn’tdropped.Thedaysaregonewhenpeoplewhotookexerciseatdawndidn’tdaretogooutwithoutadefense,development

decisionsandtheynolongerfeelit3.________________(危险)totheirhealth,noristheirfeelingofhappiness4.________________(减少).Infact,everyindividualcanmakeadifferenceinimprovingourlivingconditions,soitisdemanded/desiredthateveryoneshouldtakeactiontoprotecttheenvironmentwithout5._______________(耽搁).

dangerousdecreasingdelay译文

没有人会否认这一事实:在过去的几十年里,随着经济的发展,人们的生活标准在迅速地提高,在这期间,政府做出了英明的决策,采取了有效的措施阻止空气和水的质量下降,以及优质土壤的破坏,从而确保了人民的健康水平不下降。人们不戴防护都不敢出去晨练的日子一去不复返了,他们不再觉得这对他们的健康有危险,他们的幸福感也没有减少。实际上,在改善生活状况方面每个人都能发挥作用,所以要求大家立即采取措施保护环境。语言表达要流畅,定语从句来帮忙;引导词语确定好,前后关系最重要。1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies________________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.

2.(2022·全国乙卷)Onthe1,100-kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,________________losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.

that解析:考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,修饰species;从句中缺少主语,且先行词前面有all修饰。故用that。

who解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是Cao

Shengkang,关系词在非限制性定语从句中做主语,所以填who。3.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot_________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.

4.(2020·天津卷改编)Dr.Rowan,__________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.

where解析:考查定语从句。先行词为地点名词spot,并且从句中不缺主语、宾语,故填关系副词where。whose解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,

secretary

resigned

two

weeks

ago为定语从句,其引导词在从句中做定语,可译为“……的”,代替Dr.Rowan’s,故填whose。

5.(2019·江苏卷改编)Wehaveenteredintoanage_____________dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.

6.(2019·天津卷改编)Theirchildisatthestage_______________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.

when解析:考查定语从句。句意:我们已经进入到一个梦想最有可能实现的时代。分析句子结构可知,定语从句结构完整,只缺少状语,根据先行词age可知,此处用when引导定语从句。where解析:考查定语从句。句意:他们的孩子处在一个只会说个别词语而不能说完整句子的阶段。先行词是stage,关系词在定语从句中做地点状语,所以填where。

7.(2018·江苏卷改编)Self-drivingisanareain_____________Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.

which解析:考查定语从句。句意:自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其他国家都在同一起跑线的领域。先行词为area,关系词在从句中做地点状语,由于前面有介词in,故用which。8.(2018·全国Ⅱ卷改编)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogram_____________givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.

that/which解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,且在从句中做主语,修饰先行词a

soil-testing

program,故填that或which。9.(2016·浙江卷改编)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof________________hasbeenproved.

which解析:考查定语从句。前后两句之间用“,”隔开,说明后一句为非限制性定语从句,且先行词theories表示物,故用which。高频考点•探究突破一、基本情况

类别关系词功能关系代词that指人或物which指物或代指整个主句as指人或物或代指整个主句who指人whom指人(不可做主语)whose表所属关系关系副词when表时间where表地点或有地点含义的抽象名词why表原因二、考点(一)定语从句通常用that引导的情况:1.当先行词被最高级修饰时。ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的一本书。2.当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。ThesecondcountrythatIexpecttovisitisGreek.我想去参观的第二个国家是希腊。3.当先行词是all,few,little,much,everything,anything,nothing,something等不定代词时。Hedidn’trefertoanythingthathadhappenedtohimtheseyearsinhisletter.在信中他没有提及这些年发生在他身上的任何事情。4.当先行词既有人又有物时。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗?5.当先行词被theonly,thevery,theright,justthe,thesame等修饰时。Hewastheonlypersonthatwontheprize.他是唯一一个获奖的人。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.这正是我要买的那本词典。6.在以which,who,whom引起的问句中,为避免重复,常用that。①Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?站在那边的那个人是谁?②WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?最适合我的T恤衫是哪一件?7.在therebe句型中。Therearefewbooksinthelibrarythatarehelpfulformyexperiment.图书馆里很少有对我的实验有帮助的书。(二)定语从句通常用which引导的情况:1.关系代词指物,做介词的宾语。Chinahas56nationalities,eachofwhichhasitsowncharacteristics,formingthevariousandcolorfulChineseculture.中国有56个民族,每个民族都有自己的特点,它们形成了丰富多彩的中国

文化。2.关系代词指前面的整个句子,引导非限制性定语从句时。Hefailedintheexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他考试不及格,这使他父亲很生气。(三)whose和ofwhom,ofwhich引导的定语从句

项目用法和功能在从句中的格式whose表示所属关系(在从句中做定语)whose+名词ofwhom表示所属关系(whose指人时的替代形式)the+名词+ofwhom或ofwhom+the+名词ofwhich表示所属关系(whose指物时的替代形式)the+名词+ofwhich或ofwhich+the+名词Thisisthescientistwhose

nameisknownalloverthecountry.=Thisisthescientistthe

name

of

whomisknownalloverthecountry.=Thisisthescientistof

whom

the

nameisknownalloverthecountry.这就是那位全国知名的科学家。Theclassroom,whose

doorisbroken,willsoonberepaired.=Theclassroom,the

door

of

whichisbroken,willsoonberepaired.=Theclassroom,of

which

the

doorisbroken,willsoonberepaired.门破了的那间教室很快就会被维修。(四)关系代词as的应用范围1.as和which一样可以引导非限制性定语从句,这两个关系代词都指整个主句内容(as通常译为“正如”),且在定语从句中都可以做主语或宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:①as引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearth.=Themoontravelsroundtheearth,as/whichisknowntoeverybody.众所周知,月亮围绕地球转。②as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中做主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为实义动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which。Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,aswasmorethanwecouldexpect.天气变得非常好了,这超出了我们的预料。Itrainedhardyesterday,whichpreventedmefromgoingtothepark.昨天雨下得很大,这使我没能去公园。2.当先行词被thesame,such修饰时,定语从句需用as引导。Iboughtthesamebookasyouhave.我买了一本跟你的一样的书。Thisissuchaneasymathproblemaseveryonecanworkout.(比较:Thisissuchaneasymathproblemthateveryonecanworkitout.)这是一道如此简单的数学题,每个人都能解决。注意

当先行词被thesame修饰时,that也可引导定语从句,但意义有所不同。thesame...as(指同样或同类的),thesame...that(指同一个)ThisisthesamepenasIlost.这支钢笔与我丢的那支一样。ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.这就是我丢的那支钢笔。(五)定语从句关系词的判断方法1.方法一:观察从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语,就要求必须用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词。ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.=Thisisthemountainvillage(which/that)Ivisitedlastyear.这是我去年待过的山村。I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.=I’llneverforgetthedays(which/that)Ispentwithyou.我永远不会忘记和你在一起工作过的日子。2.方法二:判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主语、定语、宾语时,选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose);先行词在从句中做状语时,选择关系副词(where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语)。Thismuseumistheonethatyouvisitedafewdaysago.

这座博物馆是你前几天参观的那个。Thisisthemuseumwhere/inwhichtheexhibitionwasheld.

这是在举办展览的那座博物馆。(六)“介词+关系词”中介词的确定1.根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系选择。Thisisnotthebookofwhichtheteacherspokeinclass.(speakof意为“谈及”,相当于talkof)这不是老师在课堂上谈及的那本书。ThetwothingsofwhichtheyfeltproudwereJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.(be/feelproudof为固定短语,意为“以……自豪”。)他们感到自豪的两样东西分别是吉姆的金表和德拉的头发。2.根据前面的名词的搭配关系选择。I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichIfirstmethim.(表示具体的某一天,用介词on)我永远不会忘记我第一次见到他的那一天。Theboypointedtothedirectioninwhichhewouldrun.(“朝……方向”,用介词in)那个男孩指着他要跑去的方向。Hecametoafarm,onwhichhefinallysettled.(“在农场上”,用介词on)他来到了一个农场,并在那里最终定居了下来。(七)定语从句的几个特别之处1.“介词+where”引导的定语从句。有时我们可以见到“介词+where”引导的定语从句,此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。Hestoodatthewindow,fromwherehecouldseenothingbutablankwall.他站在窗边,从那里除了一面白墙外他什么也看不到。(fromwhere=fromatthewindow,而不是fromthewindow)Hewasthrownintoacastlefromwhichnoonecouldescape.他被扔进了一座城堡中,没人能从那儿逃走。(fromwhich=fromthecastle)2.分隔式定语从句。定语从句有时不直接紧靠着先行词,中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。Theonlybridgeacrosstheriverfelldownintheflood,whichhadbeentherefordecades.那座在河上存在了数十年的唯一一座桥在洪水中垮塌了。3.抽象地点类先行词后的定语从句。先行词为stage,situation,point,case等词且关系词在从句中做状语,这时用where引导定语从句;occasion之后用when或where引导定语从句;theway(表示“方式”)后的定语从句用“that/inwhich/省去关系词”三种结构引导。Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。Inthepastfiveyears,therehavebeenfewoccasionswhenthewholefamilycangettogether.在过去的五年中,很少有全家能聚在一起的时候。Idon’tlikethewaythathelaughedatme.=Idon’tlikethewayinwhichhelaughedatme.=Idon’tlikethewayhelaughedatme.我不喜欢他用那种方式来嘲笑我。4.what,whatever,whoever,whomever等引导的名词性从句,有时可转换为“先行词+关系词”引导的定语从句。Whoeverspitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.=Anyonewhospitsinpublicwillbepunishedhere.任何在公共场合吐痰的人在这儿都将受到惩罚。Theparentswillusewhattheyhavetosendtheirchildtothebestuniversity.=Theparentswilluseallthattheyhavetosendtheirchildtothebestuniversity.这对父母将会倾其所有送他们的孩子去上最好的大学。新题演练•能力迁移一、用适当的关系词填空1.(2020·广西北海高三一模)Thereare22,000studentsatOxfordintotal,around40%of________________areinternationalstudents.

2.(2020·北京海淀高三二模)Walkingtogether,wehadalotofconversationsthrough_______________Ilearnedmanyvaluablelessons.

3.Pleasesendusalltheinformation_____________youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.

4.(2022·广西南宁二模)Shaanxikuaiban,________________candatebacktothelateQingDynasty,hasbeenincluded.

5.Ididn’tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,_____________Iwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.

whomwhichthatwhichwhen6.(2021·广西桂林、崇左、贺州高三三模)Themoneywenttomorethan10,000projects_____________didnotcoverprivatelyownedculturalitems.

7.(2020·北京朝阳高三二模)AmancalledAndysetoutforthePacificCrestTrail,________________stretchesfromtheborderofMexicotoCanada.

8.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose_____________liveswereaffected.

9.(2022·山东青岛二模)Findinganapproach________________matchesyourinterestsandneedsisthekey.

10._____________isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.

which/that

which

whosewhich/that

As二、单句改错1.Chinaisdevelopinganext-generationspacecraftforhumanspaceflight,thatwouldallowastronautstotraveltothemoonandotherdeep-spacedestinations.2.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveseeninthepastfewyears.3.Thisisthereasonthatheisleavinginsuchahurry.that→which

which→that

that→why4.(2022·广西四市高中毕业班4月教学质量检测)Nowadays,moreandmorepeopledovoluntarywork,thatisasignofsocialprogress.5.IhavegotintoadifficultsituationwhenImustmakeaquickdecisionallbymyself.that→whichwhen→where6.It’sthesamepersonaswehavebeenlookingforinthepastfewdays.7.Learningstrategies,towhatteachershavebeenattachinggreatimportancehavenotdrawnenoughattentionofstudents.as→thatwhat→which三、语篇填空(2022·江苏盐城、南京高三一模)FortravelerswhousedtothinkthatChinesefarmersliveinpoorconditions,theruraltourscanbequiteaneyeopener.1.____________(travel)toJiangsu’sruralvillages,manyofwhichlooklikebeautifulpostcardscenes,mightbetotallydifferentfrom2.________________youhaveimagined.Aruraltourtotheprovincemightallowtravelerstohaveaglanceattheirdailylivesaswellasthe3.________________(develop)ofChina’sruralareasinrecentyears.

Travel(l)ing

whatdevelopmentLongshangvillageis4.________(locate)atthefootofYouziMountaininNanjing’sGaochundistrict.Itusedtohaveruinedhouses,5.____