四川省成都市成华区某校2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试题

20232024学年度(上)阶段性考试(二)高2021级英语(考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthewomando?A.Wipethetable.B.Washthedishes.C.Cleanthefloor.2.Howoftenarethemeetingsheld?A.Onceaday.B.Onceaweek.C.Onceamonth.3.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Heisgoingblind.B.Helikesdarkness.C.Hecan’tbearthestronglight.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Onamountain.B.Inagym.C.Atthespeakers’home.5.Whatdidthemanthinkofthegarden?A.Itwasbeautiful.B.Itwascrowded.C.Itwasinspiring.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。6.HowwillthewomangivetheluckymoneytoWilliam?A.ByWeChatPay.B.Bybanktransfer.C.Incash.7.WhatwillWilliamprobablydoduringtheholiday?A.Attendclasses.B.Joinhisfamilyfordinner.C.Traveltohisgrandparents’house.听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。8.Whydoesthewomanthinkyoungpeoplepreferpublictransportation?A.Decreaseinine.B.Difficultyofparking.C.Convenienceofpublictransportation.9.Whydoesthewomanlikecars?A.Theyrunfast.B.Theyarecheap.C.Theycangoanywhere.10.Whendidthemangetridofhisvehicle?A.Ayearago.B.Halfayearago.C.Onemonthago.听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。11WhydoesLisawantthenewjob?A.Itpaysmoremoney.B.Itoffershercareerpromotion.C.Itwillbeeasyasshe’sdoneitbefore.12.HowdidLisafindoutaboutthejob?A.Fromacoworker.B.Fromanadvertisement.C.Fromsomeoneworkingthere.13.HowmanychildrendoesLisahave?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.听下面一段对话，回答第14和第17四个小题。14.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout?A.Suggestionsaboutadoptingapet.B.Waysoflearningtolookafteradog.C.Jobapplicationstoananimalshelter.15Whatdoesthewomanlikebestaboutworkingatashelter?A.Cleaningthecages.B.Gettingalongwithpets.C.Interactingwithothervolunteers.16.Whatdoesthewomanregretabouthervolunteeringwork?A.Thelackofpay.B.Thelongworkinghours.C.Theinabilitytoadoptallthepets.17.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Buyadog.B.Talktohisroommate.C.Contactashelternearhim.听下面一段对话，回答第18至第20三个小题。18.Whatmadesweetfoodsspecialinancientcivilizations?A.Theywerehardtomake.B.Theywerethesafestfoods.C.Theywereonlyforimportantpersons.19.Whenwasthecupcakeinvented?A.Inthe1800s.B.Inthe1300s.C.Inthe1200s.20.Whydidittakesolongformorerecipestobepublished?A.Thematerialsweretooexpensive.B.Peopleperfecteddessertsearlyon.C.Moredemandforsugarwasneeded.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡将该项涂黑。AIt’seasytoassumethatavacationtoBaliwillcostasmallfortune.Thereareplentyofacmodations,foodandlocaltransportation,andeventhespasoffermassagesandtreatmentsatvalueprices.However,youcaneasilyspendaweekortwoinBaliforunder$2,000,withouthavingtosleeponthebeach.HereareafewthingstoconsiderwhenplanningBalionabudget.WhatisthebesttimetovisitBalionabudget?Ifyou’reonabudget,considervisitingBaliduringthelower,wetterseason,whichrunsfromOctoberthroughMarch.Thecrowdswillbefewer,andbothhotelratesandflightsfromabroadareoftencheaper,exceptduringtheholidayperiodbetweenmidDecemberandearlyJanuary,whencrowdsswell.Theonlytradeoffforthelowerpricesisthewetseason.Thistimeofyearisn’talwaysidealforsunbathing,andseriousrainfallcanmakeoutdooractivities,suchaswhitewaterraftingandvisitingwaterfallsandriceterraces,lessthanappealing.Thatsaid,evenduringrainyseason,itdoesn’tusuallyrainalldaylong.Expectburstsofsunshinebetweenthestorms.WhatisthecheapestwaytogetaroundBali?TheabsolutecheapestwaytogetaroundBaliisbylocalbus,butitcantakealongtime.Therearealsotouristbuses,includinghopon,hopoffoptions,thattravelbetweendifferenthubsacrosstheisland.Baliiswellservedbytaxis,bothofthecarandmotorbikevariety,andthepricestendtobeaffordablebyinternationalstandards.MostdriverswillofferyouafixedrateforfulldayhiresortogetfrompointAtopointB,ratherthanusingameter.Remembertobargain;doingsoisparticularlyeasywhenadriverisonhisownratherthanatataxistand.HowmuchdoesfoodcostinBali?Ifyou’reintofinedining,youcanendupspendingalargechunkofyourbudgetonfood.EatingattheaveragerestaurantgearedtowardstouristsisthebestwaytohaveamealinBalionabudget.Agoodmealshouldcostyouaround100,000rupiah(around$7),butifyou’rewillingtosubsistmostlyoffoflocalspecialtiessuchasnasigoreng(friedrice)andeatatlocalrestaurants,youcanexpecttopayaround30,000rupiah($2)togetfed.Bestofall,mosthotelsandguesthousesinBaliewithfreebreakfast,andmanyofferheavieroptionsofnoodlesandmeatthatmaykeepyoufulluntillunch.1.Whichofthefollowingsituationcanbebestdescribedbytheunderlinedwordtradeoffinparagraph2?A.Jackgotarewardafterhereturnedthelostbagtoitsowner.B.Lilyspentmuchmoneybuyingsomehandicraftsatthelocalfair.C.Wendycancelledhertripinordertopreventthespreadofthevirus.D.Samwasscoldedbyhisparentsforwhathedidinschoollastnight.2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.It’sbetterforoutdoorenthusiaststovisitBaliduringtheoffseason.B.Passengershadbetterfixthepricewithdriversbeforethetaxipullsoutfromthestation.C.Ifonatightbudget,oneisadvisedtovisitBaliattheendofDecembereveryyear.D.It’srelativelyeconomicaltoeatmerelyataveragerestaurantstailoredtovisitors.3.Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanyoumostprobablyfindthispassage?A.CityandTransport. B.TravelandRecreation.C.NatureandEnvironment. D.FoodandHealth.【答案】1.C2.D3.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个去巴厘岛度假省钱的办法。【1题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Thistimeofyearisn’talwaysidealforsunbathing,andseriousrainfallcanmakeoutdooractivities,suchaswhitewaterraftingandvisitingwaterfallsandriceterraces,lessthanappealing.(每年的这个时候并不总是日光浴的理想时间，而且严重的降雨会使户外活动，如漂流、参观瀑布和梯田，没有吸引力)”可知，价格下降的原因是雨季这一代价。划线词意为“代价”。故C选项“为了防止病毒的传播，温迪取消了她的旅行”最能描述画线词，温迪以失去旅行为代价，换取防止病毒传播。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“EatingattheaveragerestaurantgearedtowardstouristsisthebestwaytohaveamealinBalionabudget.(要想在巴厘岛省钱，在一家面向游客的普通餐厅吃饭是最好的办法)”结合选项可知，在为游客量身定制的普通餐厅吃饭相对经济省钱。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“It’seasytoassumethatavacationtoBaliwillcostasmallfortune.Thereareplentyofacmodations,foodandlocaltransportation,andeventhespasoffermassagesandtreatmentsatvalueprices.However,youcaneasilyspendaweekortwoinBaliforunder$2,000,withouthavingtosleeponthebeach.HereareafewthingstoconsiderwhenplanningBalionabudget.(人们很容易认为去巴厘岛度假会花一大笔钱。这里有充足的住宿，食物和当地交通，甚至水疗中心提供合理价位的按摩和治疗。然而，你也可以花不到2000美元在巴厘岛度过一两个星期，甚至不用在海滩上睡觉。以下是在规划巴厘岛预算时需要考虑的一些事情)”结合文章主要介绍了三个去巴厘岛度假省钱的办法。可推知，你最可能在杂志的“旅游和娱乐”专栏里找到这篇文章。故选B。BFormostoftheyear,EmbletonBayisalmostdeserted,amagicalcurveofsandonedgeoftheworld.ThisiswherethepupilsofEmbletonPrimarySchool,abeachschool,averyFriday——tolearn.NicolaThrelfall,headteacheroftheschool,saysthatteachersemployarangeteachingmethodstorealizeteachingobjectives,frommoretraditionalwrittenworktoteachpathsinthesandwithsticks,coveringdiversetopics.Sometimestheenvironmentitselfworkswonder.Nicolaexplainstherearehugebenefitstogivingchildrentheopportunitytojust“be”.Watchingthewaves,lyingonthesandfeelingthewindandsunontheirfaces,orrollingdownsanddunesareallanessentialpartofthebeachschoolexperience,enablingchildren,toexplore,testtheirownlimitsandunderstandtheirplaceintheirenvironment.Onlineresourcesareprovided,too,intermsofengagingchildrenandfosteringaninterestinbeaches.Duringlockdown,thestudentsenjoyedavirtualonlinelecturewiththeRockPoolProject,asocialgroupthatencouragespeopleofallagestodiscovermarinelife.Duringthewintermonths,sandblowsinripplesacrossthebeachunderthebitingnorthwinds.Howdothechildrencopewiththedifficultweather?Nicolasaystheyliketogetthekidsoutonthebeachinallweather.Ifit’sraining,theyheadtothebirdhide;whenit’scold,thekidswarmupbydoingmorephysicalactivities.Onwarmerdays,theysitonpicnictablesoutsidetoenjoytheirlunch.Thebeachiswithinwalkingdistanceoftheschoolgatesbuttheonekilometredownthehillandanotheronebackupstillproveschallengingforlittlelegs.Nicolaconfirmsthatnoticeableimprovementinthechildren’senduranceandfitnesslevelisoneofthemainadvantages.EmbletonPrimarySchoolisdemonstratinghowsuccessfuloutdoorlearningcanbe.CanmoreschoolmodifyThecurriculumtoincluderegulartimeoutsidefortheirstudents?4.Howdoestheschoolcarryoutoutdoorlearning?A.Bygivinglecturesregularly.B.Byintegratingdiverseapproaches.C.Byinspiringstudentstowritemore.D.Bycenteringonenvironmentalissues.5.Whatdoteachersdointoughwinterdays?A.Shortenbeachhours. B.Adjuststudentactivities.C.Postponeoutdoorevents. D.Changeteachingobjectives.6.Howdoestheauthorfindthebeachlessons?A.Fullyresearched. B.Widelyprovided.C.Confidenceboosting. D.Characterbuilding.7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.StartfromBeach B.LivewithSealifeC.EnjoyBeachActivities D.ReformFutureEducation【答案】4.B5.B6.D7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍Embleton小学的户外学习，海滩教育。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“NicolaThrelfall,headteacheroftheschool,saysthatteachersemployarangeteachingmethodstorealizeteachingobjectives,frommoretraditionalwrittenworktoteachpathsinthesandwithsticks,coveringdiversetopics.(该校校长尼古拉·特雷福(NicolaThrelfall)表示，为了实现教学目标，教师们采用了多种教学方法，从更传统的书面作业到用棍子在沙地上走小路，涵盖了多种主题。)”第三段第一句“Sometimestheenvironmentitselfworkswonder.(有时环境本身也能创造奇迹)”以及第四段第一句“Onlineresourcesareprovided,too,intermsofengagingchildrenandfosteringaninterestinbeaches.(在吸引儿童和培养对海滩的兴趣方面，也提供了在线资源)”可知，开展户外学习时，学校老师采用了不同教学方法实现教学目标，利用环境自身及网上资源，也就是整合了不同的方法。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Ifit’sraining,theyheadtothebirdhide;whenit’scold,thekidswarmupbydoingmorephysicalactivities.Onwarmerdays,theysitonpicnictablesoutsidetoenjoytheirlunch.(如果下雨，它们会去鸟窝；天冷的时候，孩子们通过做更多的体育活动来暖身。天气暖和的时候，他们会坐在外面的野餐桌上享用午餐)”由此可推，根据天气状况，调整学生活动，故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段第二句“Nicolaconfirmsthatnoticeableimprovementinthechildren’senduranceandfitnesslevelisoneofthemainadvantages.(尼古拉证实，孩子们的耐力和体能水平的显著提高是主要优势之一)”可知作者觉得海滩课程是品格塑造的体现。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通览全文内容，多次出现beach，可知本文紧紧围绕“beachlearning”展开，以及文章最后一段提出的呼吁，由此可以推出A为正确答案，能够概括本文的大意，适合作为文章标题，即从海滩出发，进行教育，故选A。CThesurfaceofMarsisetchedwithancientrivervalleysandlakebasins.SomeresearchersthinkthatliquidwateronceflowedontheRedPlanet.Today,Marsistoocoldformuch,ifany,liquidwatertoexist.And3.8billionyearsago,whentheflowingwaterformed,thesunwasfainterthanitistoday,makingitevenhardertoimagineawarmMartianclimate.That’swhymanyresearchersthinkMarsmayhavegoneinandoutofdeepfreezes.SomeresearchershavesuggestedthatearlyMarsonlythawedoutwhenlargeasteroidimpactsorvolcaniceruptionstemporarilywarmedtheplanet.ButKasting,ageologistatPennStateUniversity,thinkswarmwindowsfromsuchdramaticeventswouldhavebeentoobrieftocarvethevastcanyonsthatexistonMars.Now,Kastingandhiscolleagueshaveeupwithanalternativeexplanation.TheythinkMarsmayhaveexperiencedaseriesofclimatecycles.Theideagoeslikethis:WhenMarswascoldandfrozen,volcanoescontinuedtobelchoutthegreenhousegaseslikecarbondioxideandhydrogenintotheatmosphere.There,thegasblankettrappedheatandwarmedtheplanetupuntilliquidwaterbegantoflow,formingMars’riversandlakes.However,warmtemperaturesandabundantwaterwouldalsohavespedupcertainchemicalreactionsthatconsumedcarbondioxide,reducingthegreenhouseeffectandcoolingtheplanetbackdownagain.Thenthecyclewouldrepeat.KastingsharedhistheorywithotherastronomersattheDecembermeetingoftheAmericanGeophysicalUnioninSanFrancisco,andinthejournalEarthandPlanetaryScienceLetters.Sofar,Kasting’steamhasonlyshownthatsuchanexplanationispossible,accordingtoclimatemodels.Buttheresearcherssayfieldtripscouldhelptesttheideabylookingforevidenceofmultiplewarmevents,andtheirdurations.8.WhatmaderesearchersbelievethatliquidwateronceexistedonMars?A.ThesurfaceofMarsiswithliquidwater.B.Thetemperaturesofthesun.C.ThegeologicalfeaturesofMars.D.Thefaintnessofthesun.9.WhatisKasting’stheorybasedon?A.LargeasteroidshadnoimpactonMars.B.Deepvalleyscouldn’tbeformedinashortperiodoftime.C.VolcaniceruptionswereveryfrequentonMars.D.Carbondioxideandhydrogenwereabundantintheatmosphere.10.Whatdoweknowabouttheclimatecycles?A.Carbondioxideandhydrogenwouldnotbechanged.B.Thegreenhousegasesplayedanimportantroleinthiscycle.C.Theclimatecycleswouldexperiencethreetimesintotal.D.Hotenvironmentandalargeamountofwaterwouldacceleratecertainchemicalreactionstogeneratecarbondioxide.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.ClimateCyclesCouldHaveCarvedCanyonsonMarsB.LargeAsteroidImpactsontheRedPlanetC.LiquidWaterExistingonMarsD.AncientRiverValleysHaveBeenFoundonMars【答案】8.A9.B10.B11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。火星上曾经有液态水，这是怎么形成的呢？科学家们提出了新的理论。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“ThesurfaceofMarsisetchedwithancientrivervalleysandlakebasins.SomeresearchersthinkthatliquidwateronceflowedontheRedPlanet.(火星表面蚀刻着古老的河谷和湖泊盆地。一些研究人员认为液态水曾经在这颗红色星球上流动)”可知，火星表面有着古老的河谷和湖泊盆地，这些地质特征使得研究人员认为液态水曾经在火星上存在。故选A项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“ButKasting,ageologistatPennStateUniversity,thinkswarmwindowsfromsuchdramaticeventswouldhavebeentoobrieftocarvethevastcanyonsthatexistonMars.(但是宾夕法尼亚州立大学的地质学家Kasting认为，这种突然事件打开的温暖窗口期太短暂了，无法蚀刻出火星上存在的巨大峡谷)”可知，宾夕法尼亚州立大学的地质学家卡萨丁认这种突然事件打开的温暖窗口期太短暂了，无法形成火星上存在的巨大峡谷。由此推知，卡萨丁的理论是建立在深谷不可能在短时间内形成的理论上的。故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theideagoeslikethis：WhenMarswascoldandfrozen,volcanoescontinuedtobelchoutthegreenhousegaseslikecarbondioxideandhydrogenintotheatmosphere.There,thegasblankettrappedheatandwarmedtheplanetupuntilliquidwaterbegantoflow,formingMars’riversandlakes.(这个想法是这样的：当火星寒冷冻结时，火山继续向大气中喷射二氧化碳和氢气等温室气体。在那里，气层捕获热量并使行星升温，直到液态水开始流动，形成了火星的河流和湖泊)”可知，温室气体在这个循环中起了重要作用。故选B项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段“TheythinkMarsmayhaveexperiencedaseriesofclimatecyclescausedbychangesinthestrengthofthegreenhouseeffect.(他们认为火星可能经历了一系列由温室效应强度变化引起的气候周期)”和第三段“Theideagoeslikethis:WhenMarswascoldandfrozen,volcanoescontinuedtobelchoutthegreenhousegaseslikecarbondioxideandhydrogenintotheatmosphere.There,thegasblankettrappedheatandwarmedtheplanetupuntilliquidwaterbegantoflow,formingMars’riversandlakes.(这个想法是这样的：当火星寒冷冻结时，火山继续向大气中喷射二氧化碳和氢气等温室气体。在那里，气层捕获热量并使行星升温，直到液态水开始流动，形成了火星的河流和湖泊)”可知，文章介绍了科学家提出的关于火星上的河谷和湖泊盆地形成原因的最新理论，研究指出可能是气候的变化周期造就了如今火星上可观测到的峡谷和河床等地理特征。由此可知，“ClimateCyclesCouldHaveCarvedCanyonsonMars(气候周期可能在火星上雕刻了峡谷)”是最佳标题。故选A项。DPersonalizedmedicinechangesconventionalmedicinewhichtypicallyoffersblanketremendationsandofferstreatmentsdesignedtohelpmorepeoplethantheybambutthatmightnotworkforyou.Theapproachrecognizesthatweeachpossessuniquecharacteristics,andtheyhaveanoutsizeimpactonourhealth.Aroundtheworld,researchersarecreatingprecisiontoolsunimaginablejustadecadeago:superfastDNAsequencing(排序);tissueengineering,cellreprogramming,geneediting,andmore.Thescienceandtechnologysoonwillmakeitpossibletopredictyourriskofcancer,heartdisease,andcountlessotherillnessesyearsbeforeyougetsick.Theworkalsooffersprospectsforchanginggenesinremovingsomediseases.Lastspring,researchersattheNationalCancerInstitutereportedthedramaticrecoveryofawomanwithbreastcancer,JudyPerkins.Theteam,ledbyStevenRosenberg,animmune(免疫的)treatmentpioneer,hadsequencedhercancercells’DNAtoanalyzethesuddenchange.Theteamalsoremovedasamplingofimmunecellsandtestedthemtoseewhichonesrecognizedhercancercells'geneticfaults.ThescientistsreproducedthewinningimmunecellsbythebillionsandputthemintoPerkinstoattackhercancercells.Morethantwoycarslater.Perkins,aretiredengineerfromFlorida,showsnosignsofcancer.Thirtyyearsago,scientiststhoughtthatitwouldbeimpossibletounderstandourgeneticrulesandsequencethe3.2billionpairsofdifferentelementsinourDNA.“Itwaslikeyouweretalkingfairytales,”Kurzrocksaid.“Theconventionalwisdomwasthatitwouldneverhappen.NeverAndthenin2003,neverwasover.”IttooktheHumanGeneProject13years,roughlyonebilliondollars,andscientistsfromsixcountriestosequenceonegeneplex.Todaysequencingcostsaboutathousanddollars.Thelatestmachinescanproducetheresultsinaday.Thetechnology,binedwithadvancedcellanalysis,clarifiestheastonishingbiochemicalvariationsthatmakeeveryhumanbodyunique.12Whatcanweknowaboutpersonalizedmedicine?A.Ithasemergedadecadebefore.B.Itoffersblanketremendations.C.Itusesgeneticinformationtohelppatients.D.Itadministerstreatmentintendedformostpeople.13.Whichbestdescribesthoseprecisiontools?A.Promising. B.Highlyrisky. C.Fruitless. D.Strictlyconfidential.14.WhathappenedintheprocessoftreatingJudyPerkins'breastcancer?A.Sequencingherimmunecells.B.ReprogramminghercancercellsC.Analysisofherlifestylechanges.D.Identificationofcancerfightingcells.15.What'sthelastparagraphmainlytalkingaboutconcerningsequencing?A.Itswideapplications. B.Itsrecentadvances.C.Itsmajordisadvantages. D.Itsattractiveprospects.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了个性化医疗改变了传统医学，它利用遗传信息来帮助病人。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Thirtyyearsago,scientiststhoughtthatitwouldbeimpossibletounderstandourgeneticrulesandsequencethe3.2billionpairsofdifferentelementsinourDNA.“Itwaslikeyouweretalkingfairytales,”Kurzrocksaid.“Theconventionalwisdomwasthatitwouldneverhappen.NeverAndthenin2003,neverwasover.””（30年前，科学家们认为不可能理解我们的遗传规则，也不可能对我们DNA中的32亿对不同元素进行测序。“就像你在讲童话，”库尔兹洛克说。“传统观点认为这永远不会发生。永远不会。然后在2003年，永远不会结束）可推知，个性化医疗它利用遗传信息来帮助病人。故选C项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Aroundtheworld,researchersarecreatingprecisiontoolsunimaginablejustadecadeago:superfastDNAsequencing(排序);tissueengineering,cellreprogramming,geneediting,andmore.Thescienceandtechnologysoonwillmakeitpossibletopredictyourriskofcancer,heartdisease,andcountlessotherillnessesyearsbeforeyougetsick.Theworkalsooffersprospectsforchanginggenesinremovingsomediseases.”（在世界各地，研究人员正在创造十年前难以想象的精密工具:超高速DNA测序;组织工程、细胞重编程、基因编辑等等。科学技术很快就能在你生病前几年预测你患癌症、心脏病和无数其他疾病的风险。这项工作还为改变基因以消除某些疾病提供了前景。）可推知，这些精密工具是有希望的。故选A项。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Theteam,ledbyStevenRosenberg,animmune(免疫的)treatmentpioneer,hadsequencedhercancercells’DNAtoanalyzethesuddenchange.Theteamalsoremovedasamplingofimmunecellsandtestedthemtoseewhichonesrecognizedhercancercells'geneticfaults.”（由免疫治疗先驱史蒂文·罗森伯格(StevenRosenberg)领导的研究小组对她的癌细胞DNA进行了测序，以分析这种突然的变化。研究小组还提取了一些免疫细胞样本，并对它们进行了测试，看看哪些细胞能识别她的癌细胞的基因缺陷。）可知，在治疗朱迪·珀金斯的乳腺癌的过程中对抗癌细胞的识别进行了测试。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“IttooktheHumanGeneProject13years,roughlyonebilliondollars,andscientistsfromsixcountriestosequenceonegeneplex.Todaysequencingcostsaboutathousanddollars.Thelatestmachinescanproducetheresultsinaday.Thetechnology,binedwithadvancedcellanalysis,clarifiestheastonishingbiochemicalvariationsthatmakeeveryhumanbodyunique.”（人类基因计划花了13年时间，大约10亿美元，来自6个国家的科学家对一个基因复合体进行了测序。如今测序的成本约为1000美元。最新的机器可以在一天内产生结果。这项技术与先进的细胞分析相结合，阐明了使每个人的身体都独一无二的惊人的生化变化。）可知，最后一段主要讲的是测序的最近的进展。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多于选项。Haveyoueverstruggledtounderstandhowsomeoneelsefeels?Buildingupyourempathy(同理心)skillshelpsyouconnectwithyourfriends.____16____Whatisempathy?Empathyisakindofcapabilitythatletsyoustepintosomeoneelse’sshoesandthenfigureouthowtheyarefeeling.Forinstance,ifyoucanseeyourfriendisupsetafterlosingafootballmatchandyousupportthembytellingthemsomewarmandmotivatingwords,youareshowingempathy.MirandaMcKeameysetupanorganizationcalledEmpathyLabthatbuildsempathythroughreading.____17____“Empathyisaforceforchange,”shesays.____18____Scientistssayempathyisn’tsomethingyouarebornwith,it’saskillyoucanacquirethroughlearning.Onewayyoucandothisisbyactivelistening.Whensomeoneistalkingtoyou,listencloselyandrespondinawaythatshowsyouunderstandtheirsituationsandemotionsthoroughly.Reading,advocatedbyEmpathyLab,isalsoagreatwaytoboostempathy,sincestoriescantakeyouinsidesomeoneelse’smindandshowyoutheworldthroughtheirevesandemotions.Putempathyintoaction.____19____Thiscouldmeantryingoutsomethingthatisimportanttoafriendorfamilymemberlikeexploringtheirfavoriteplace.EmpathyLabadvocatedideasforputtingempathyintoactioninschoolsorathome.Thatmightbeconnectingwithsomeonenewinyourclassandhavingafriendlyconversation,ormakingsmallchangestoyourbehaviour.Allsmallactsofkindnesstootherscanmakeadifference,whichinturnwillbecopiedbysomeoneelse.____20____A.Howcanyouhavemoreempathy?B.Whoneedempathymostindailylife?C.Besides,italsospreadskindnessandinspiresthemtodothesame.D.Tofindoutmoreconductsyoucando,login.E.Onlybyputtingempathyintoactioncanyourelatetoothers’badlives.F.Shebelievesevensmall,supportiveactionscanhaveapositiveimpact.G.Mirandaremendsgoingintothethickofpeople’slivestoshowempathy.【答案】16.C17.F18.A19.G20.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍什么是同理心，获得同理心的方法和将同理心付诸行动的做法。【16题详解】根据上文“Haveyoueverstruggledtounderstandhowsomeoneelsefeels?Buildingupyourempathy(同理心)skillshelpsyouconnectwithyourfriends.(你是否曾努力去理解别人的感受？培养同理心可以帮助你与朋友建立联系)”及下文各小标题可知，设空处应继续说同理心的好处，引出下文对同理心的介绍，C选项“此外，它还传播善意，并激励他们也这样做。”符合题意，顺承上文，故选C。【17题详解】根据上文“MirandaMcKeameysetupanorganizationcalledEmpathyLabthatbuildsempathythroughreading.(米兰达·麦基米成立了一个名为“共情实验室”的组织，通过阅读培养共情能力)”和下文““Empathyisaforceforchange,”shesays.(同理心是一种改变的力量，”她说)”可知，设空处应表达为米兰达·麦基米认可同理心，表达自己的看法，F选项“她认为，即使是很小的支持性行动也能产生积极的影响。”符合题意，并且呼应下文，故选F。【18题详解】设空处为小标题。根据下文内容“Scientistssayempathyisn’tsomethingyouarebornwith,it’saskillyoucanacquirethroughlearning.Onewayyoucandothisisbyactivelistening.Whensomeoneistalkingtoyou,listencloselyandrespondinawaythatshowsyouunderstandtheirsituationsandemotionsthoroughly.Reading,advocatedbyEmpathyLab,isalsoagreatwaytoboostempathy,sincestoriescantakeyouinsidesomeoneelse’smindandshowyoutheworldthroughtheirevesandemotions.(科学家表示，同理心不是与生俱来的，而是一种可以通过学习获得的技能。其中一个方法就是积极倾听。当有人和你说话时，仔细倾听，并以一种表明你完全理解他们的处境和情绪的方式回应。同理心实验室提倡的阅读也是增强同理心的好方法，因为故事可以让你进入别人的内心，通过他们的眼睛和情感向你展示这个世界)”可知，本段主要讲获得同理心的方法，A选项“你怎样才能有更多的同理心？”符合本段主旨，故选A。【19题详解】下文“Thiscouldmeantryingoutsomethingthatisimportanttoafriendorfamilymember,likeexploringtheirfavoriteplace.(这可能意味着要尝试一些对朋友或家人很重要东西。比如探索他们最喜欢的地方)”，G选项“米兰达建议深入人们的生活，以表达同情。”中的“people’slives”呼应上文的“theirfavoriteplace”，也就是要去家人或者朋友中的生活中去做一些事情来表达同情，故选G。【20题详解】根据上文“EmpathyLabadvocatedideasforputtingempathyintoactioninschoolsorathome.Thatmightbeconnectingwithsomeonenewinyourclassandhavingafriendlyconversation,ormakingsmallchangestoyourbehaviour.Allsmallactsofkindnesstootherscanmakeadifference,whichinturnwillbecopiedbysomeoneelse.(同理心实验室提倡在学校或家庭中将同理心付诸行动。这可能是与班上的新同学建立联系，进行友好的交谈，或者对你的行为做出一些小改变。所有对别人的小善举都能产生影响，而这反过来又会被别人模仿)”可知，这些都是将同理心付诸行动的一些做法，D选项“想了解更多你可以做的行为，请登录”中的“moreconductsyoucando”符合本段中付诸行动的具体做法，所以顺承上文，符合题意，故选D。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题：每小题分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。EradajereOleitathinksshemayhaveapartialsolutionfortwooftheircountry’spersistentproblems:garbageandpoverty.It’scalledtheChipBagProject.Asastudentand____21____sheisaskinglocalsnackloversa____22____:Ratherthanthrowemptychipbags____23____intothetrash,____24____them!Thenshecanturnthemintosleepingbagsforthehomeless.Chip____25____dropofftheiremptybagsattwo____26____:aprintshopandaclothingstore,whereOleitaandhervolunteerhelperscollectthem.Aftertheysanitize(清洁)thechipbagsinsoapyhotwater,theyslicethemopen,____27____themflat,andironthemtogether.They____28____fillingstolinetheinsides.Ittakesaboutfourhoursto____29____asleepingbag,andeachtakesaround150to300chipbags,dependingonwhetherthey’resingleserveorfamily_____30_____.The_____31_____isasleepingbagthatis“waterproof,lightweight,andeasytocarryaround,”OleitatoldtheNews.Sinceitsstartin2020,theChipBagProjecthas_____32_____morethan800,000chipbagsand,_____33_____lastDecember,created110sleepingbags.Sure,itwouldbe_____34_____toraisethemoneytobuynewsleepingbags.Buttheprojectisonlyhalfthe_____35_____forOleitawhosefamilymovedtotheUnitedStatesfromNigeriaadecadeagowiththehopeofattainingabetterlife—andherfellowvolunteers.“Wearededicatedtomakinganimpactnotonly_____36_____butenvironmentally,”shesays.And,ofcourse,there’sthesymbolismofrecyclingbagsthatwould_____37_____landinthetrashandusingthemtohelpthehomeless.It’sapowerful_____38_____thatenvironmental_____39_____andpovertyoftengohandinhand.AsOleitatoldlocalnews.,“Ithinkit’stimetoshow_____40_____betweenalloftheseissues.”21.A.instructor B.helper C.environmentalist D.tailor