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英语四级写作常见错误分析和高分作文

作文如何才能及格?——常见错误分析一.防止无意义失分字数120-150语法错误(IisRoman)拼写错误(inportant)以上三类低级错误,让阅卷者对你作文的印象大打折扣。二.得无意义的分13秒总体评分法(印象分)误区“内容好=高分”正确的写法应该是:书写整洁三段分明段首句强悍用外语写作文,最容易犯的错误是什么?一.语法错误(一)句子结构错误

1.主从句叠置

(1)Therearemoreandmorestudentsliketousethecomputer.(2)Therearestillmanyproblemsshouldbenotedandresolved.whothat2.简单句叠置Ilikechattingonlineverymuch,andIgotothenetbaralmosteveryweekend.so3.从句叠置Asisknowntoallthatcomputersplayanimportantroleinmanyfieldsofourlife.Itisknowntoallthatcomputersplayanimportantroleinmanyfieldsofourlife.,4.句子成分缺失Ifworkhard,wewillsurelybesuccessful.Workinghard,wewillsurelybesuccessful.we5.语序错误1.Whycollegestudentsspendmoreandmoretimeonthecomputer?2.Ioftenwonderwherehavetheygottheirmoney.dohave6.语态错误1.Ihaveexcitedseveraldaysatthenewsthatyouwillcome.2.Mostofthestudentssatisfywiththeserviceinthedinghall.beenaresatisfied(二).动词错误1.时态错误

Manypeoplethoughtthattheinternetwillbemoreusefulinthefuture.think2.单复数错误1.Wisemanseekopportunitiesratherthanwaitforthem.Awisemanseeksopportunitiesratherthanwaitforthem.2.Someoneareafraidthatcomputersmaycontrolmeninthefuture.menpeople3.非谓语动词错误1.Doexerciseinthemorningisgoodforone’shealth.2.Havingstudiedinourschoolfor3years,thecanteenservicehaschangedalot.DoingIfindthat(三)代词错误1.Wecanusecomputersindoingeverythingyoulike.2.Acollegestudentshouldbeabletodotheirwashingontheirown.weCollegestudents(四)冠词错误1.Horseisanusefulanimal.2.TheexamwillbeheldintheDecember,2004.A\Thehorse(五)词性错误1.Iwishyoucanconsidermysuggests.2.Ifapersonwantstosuccess,hemustlearntoenduresufferingsandsetbacks.suggestions.succeed二.用词错误1.Studentsmustknowhowtoapplyacomputer.2.PeoplecantouchmanynewthingsontheInternet.3.Thepurposeofthisletteristoreactsomeopinionsontheserviceinthedininghall.operate\uselearnexpress三.表达习惯错误1.Now6000yuancanbuyaP4computer.Now6000yuanisenoughforyoutobuyaP4computer.NowyoucanbuyaP4computerfor6000yuan.2.Aroomoftenlives6-8students.Ina三.表达习惯错误3.Ithinkthisgreatchangehasthreereasons.Ithinktherearethreereasonsforthisgreatchange.4.Thereasonforthisisbecausesomepeoplewanttoearnplentyofmoneywithoutworkinghard.that四.标点符号及大小写错误1.However,everycoinshastwosides,Ithinkthesurroundingsinourcanteenarethebestamongalluniversities.2.Themanwasracingdownthestreet.Becausehewaslatefortheclass.ThebestEnglishfilminmyeyesis《King》.coin.b,KingInternetorNewspapers?第一段:→Whenpeoplefacethequestion“howtogetinformation”,differentpeopleholddifferent(能换词不)views.(有个状语从句,还不错。但是更精练的,有品位的可用分词---Facingwithquestionof“howtoobtaininformation)

→Somearguethatitisagoodwayofgettinginformationtouseinternet.Because(这两个句子应当是一个句子)it‘sconvenientandspeedful(用词错误).(Somearguethatitisagoodwaytogetinformationbyutilizinginternetforitisconvenientandspeedy)→Therearerichresourcesininternet.It(能用定语从句不)canprovidevariousnewstousintime.(Internet,withrichresources,canconsiderablyprovidevariousnewstousintime.)(或Intime,withrichresources,caninternetconsiderablyprovidevariousnewstous.)第二段→Howeverothersstillthinkthatweshouldlearnrecent(current或recently-occured)newsfromnewspapers.→Fornewspapersisanthoritativeandcheap.Especially,it'sappropriatefortheoldwhocan'toperatecomputer.(可以变成一个句子Howeverothersholdstheoppositeviewthatthelatestinformationcouldbelearnedthroughpressorpublicationsforthey,asanauthoritiveyetcheapmeanstogaininformation,arehighlyappropriateforpeopleespeciallyfortheoldwhoarenotabletooperatecomputer.)低分作文的特征语法错误较多Chinglish句型过于简单啰嗦如何避免低级错误1.写完整的句子典型错误一:Jinjinholdingthetorchasifthatisherlife.1.写完整的英文句典型错误二:SomepeoplethinkweshouldresistCarrefour.Becauseaboycott(联合抵制)willmaketheFrenchrealizethatChinesepeopleareangry.2.要有一定程度的省略典型错误一:TibetwasapartofChina,TibetisapartofChina,andTibetwillalwaysbeapartofChina.省略要正确典型错误二:ChinaYaoalwayshasandwillalwaysdohisbesttowinthegames.--ChinaYaohasalwaysdoneandwillcontinuetodohisbesttowinthegames.3.句号一定要用对JayChou’snewlyreleasedmovie’KungfuDunk’hashitthecinema,Iamgoingtoseeittomorrow.---JayChou’snewlyreleasedmovie‘KungfuDunk’hashitthecinemaandIamgoingtoseeittomorrow.---…hashitthecinema.Iamgoingtoseeittomorrow.中层次作文水平语法错误时有出现内容不够结构性词汇不够明显内容填充住在大城市的好处和坏处advantagesThereasonwhyIprefertoliveinthebigcitiesisthattherearemorejobopportunities,educationopportunitiesandbetterlivingconditionsinthebigcitiesthaninthesmalltowns.disadvantagesButthecostfortheprivilegeoflivinginthecityisalsohigh.What'smore,thereismoregasandnoisepollutioninthecity.四级作文评分标准14分档切题。表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性较好。基本无语言错误。11分档切题。表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误。8分档基本切题。表达思想比较清楚,文字尚连贯;但语言错误较多,其中有少量的严重错误。5分档基本切题。表达思想不够清楚,连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。2分档条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误,且多数为严重错误。评分原则评分原则:CET作文题采用总体评分(GlobalScoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(RewardScores),而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容,而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题,是否充分表达思想,也要考虑是否用英语清楚而和合适地表达思想,也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。避免趋中倾向。该给高分给高分,包括满分;该给低分给低分,包括零分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。从以上评分标准和评分原则可以看出,写作要拿高分必须内容和语言并重。内容上,要切题并充分表达主题。切题即写作围绕主题,不跑题、不偏题,不写与主题无关的内容。只要大家认真审题,准确把握作文主题与要求,切题不难。充分表达主题意即文章要涵盖全部写作要点,论证说理充分(或描述准确详细、说明透彻到位)。语言上,则要表意准确、前后连贯、没有或很少语法错误。另外,根据笔者掌握的改卷经验,考生还需注意以下几点:1.保持字迹工整美观,尽量不涂改或少涂改,最好先列提纲,动笔时想清楚再写,避免不必要的印象失分;2.心中有“数”,不少不多,避免不必要的字数失分;3.突出重点部分,即开头、结尾和主体段的主题句。开头与结尾在表达到位的前提下,要尽量突出新意与高度,适当使用高级句式;主体段则要做到主题句直截了当、简洁鲜明,例证准确有新意,逻辑严谨,衔接自然;4.慎用模板与万能句式。如实在难以摆脱,应注意使用得当,使其符合主题,前后连贯自然。下表为“2010/06—2017/06四级作文真题”的统计表。

由上表可见,从2012年12月开始,四级作文已摆脱给提纲的模式,写作要求通过简单的提示给出,这就要求考生懂得通过阅读写作提示来把握写作主题、内容与形式。就话题而言,四级写作主要涉及社会热点、校园生活和日常生活。主题涵盖了教育、环保、学习、就业、友情、手机、互联网等。就体裁而言,四级写作体裁主要有三种:论说文、描写文和应用文。其中,论说文有两种特殊出题方式,图画和图表。论说文占大多数,是考查的重点,描写文与应用文近年来比例有所提升,应该引起足够重视。应用文在最近八年里分别于2012年12月,2016年6月,2017年6月出现了三次,分别是申请信、感谢信与广告。考察次数明显增多,应予以一定重视。大家应了解常用的应用文类型与其写作特点与格式,如家信、求职信、倡议书、申请书、感谢信、祝贺信、邀请信、招聘启事、销售广告等。高分作文词汇准确多样句式复杂有力2个注意点1、写作中两类避免使用的单词口语词Youknow,wellheyman,whatup?gonnawanna生僻词(也别用太大了,考官不认识怎么办)ItpaystoBeHonestYoushouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.1.当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象。2.诚实利人利己,做人应该诚实。单词闪光

14分的作文前几句Althoughhonestyisbelievedtobeavirtue,therearestilldishonestpeopleinoursociety.Forexample,somebusinessmensellfakeproducttotheirconsumers;somestudentscheatintheexams.评论:几乎没有犯错。首先语法没有什么错误。第一句用了个therebe句型,无比庸俗,但就是没错。其次,这个句子当中有一些闪光词:1)fakeproduct假冒产品,fake用的很好。有的同学到现在还可能只会写badproduct;2)consumer有的同学不会这个词,只知道buyer8分的作文Inourmodernsociallife,therearemanyexamplesaroundusshow

manypeoplearecheated.Advertisementscheatpeople,salesmencheatpeople,evenone'sclosestfriendscheathimorher.第一句有语法错误。第二句说广告骗人,销售人员骗人,这两个人都用的是people.这不太单调和低级了吗?是不是可以换成consumer或customer呢?换上这些词就马上有了闪光点第二个cheat可以改成fool.第三个cheat可以改成lieto

showingthat2、用词准确多样一、准确性比如在图表类作文当中呢我们会经常表达“…有很大的增长”,很多同学啊会写成---abigincrease.请大家注意big不够准确,我们应当写成asharpincrease.平时多注意收集准确、地道、多样的用词,尤其注意收集和使用搭配。当然是从阅读中收集。具体来说,可以收集以下三种搭配。形容词+名词如asharpincrease动词+名词如makeamistake,commitacrime,commitsuicide.动词+副词如expandsharply/dramatically多样性

A.用同义词替代例1:A对B很重要.1)AisimportanttoB.2)Aplaysanimportantrole\partinB.3)AisofimportancetoB.4)Bcannotlive\develop\grow\survivewithoutA.5)AistoBwhatthefoundationistoaskyscraper\wateristofish.6)Aisessential/significant/crucial/critical/vitaltoB.7)TheimportanceofAtoBcanneverbeexaggerated\denied\ignored.

例2

,不同国家不同背景的人在不同场合有着不同的观点。

→Differentpeoplewithdifferentpersonalbackgroundsindifferentcountrieshavedifferentopinionsondifferentoccasions.Different在不同场合的同义词有unlike、dissimilar(不同的,不一样的),distinct、separate(个别的,单独的),various、assorted(各种各样的,多样的)这句话可以改为:→Differentpeoplewithunlikepersonalbackgroundsinvariouscountrieshavevaryingopinionsonchangedoccasions.这个句子用了这么多“不同的”,也实属罕见啊。其实表达类似意思还可以写成:People’sopiniondiffer/vary/divergeasto…例3:如今,越来越多的人将越来越多的时间花在了看越来越多的电视节目上Nowadays,moreandmorepeoplearespendingmoreandmoreleisuretimewatchingmoreandmoretelevisionprograms.建议改第一个moreandmore为arising/increasing/growingnumberof,第二个moreandmore为alion’sshareof(最大的份额),最后一组moreandmore可以改为:akaleidoscopeof(万花筒一般的)。例四:First-yearstudentsmayencounterdiscouragingproblemswhentheyenteruniversitiesontheveryfirstday.Forexample,first-yearstudentsareverylikelytogetlostastowherefirst-yearstudentscanfindcafeterias.thesenew-comers/thesefreshmen(同义词)they(代词)

使用上义词或代词避免重复上义词就是表示类概念的词,下义词表示属概念,上义词和下义词之间的关系是:下义词属于上义词。Theflowerbloomsinsidethegreenhouse,buttheflowerwitherswhentheflowerisputoutside.这句话出现了三个flower,可以将第二个flower改为它的上义词plant,第三个改为it.有能力的话把小词变成大词考生在写作时,同样的意思,可能有很多词可以用,如果能够在所有可能的同义词的词群中挑选出更有难度的词,拔高用词等级,毫无疑问可能得到更好的分数。词汇高级化范本Thedevelopmentof21stcenturyhasseenabigchangeinsocial,culturalandtechnologicalfields.Theadventof21stcenturyhaswitnessedaprofoundchangeinsocial,culturalandtechnologicalarenas.例1:Hebrokethewindowinhisanger.他一怒之下砸碎了窗户。anger这个词可以改为rage(大怒)或者fury(暴怒),表达就更加丰富了,而阅卷老师也会觉得你用词比较上档次,毕竟rage,fury是大学以上的词汇了。例2.Yoursuitcaseisratherheavy-whathaveyougotinit?你的手提箱很沉,里面都放了些什么啊?heavy在weighty面前就是小儿科了,更不用说ponderous了,意思是“笨重的”,读音是“胖得要死”,刚好联想法记住。例3.Itisaverycoldnight.这天晚上很冷。毫无疑问,cold跟freezing(滴水成冰的)没有办法比,还可以替换成为icy(冰冷的)、frosty

(冷得冻人的)。但是大家一定要注意用大词要精准,不然容易闹笑话

最长用的36组单词例:认为

Think,believe,insist,maintain,assert,conclude,deem,hold,argue,beconvinced,befirmlyconvinced,befullyconvinced优势:Advantage,merit,virtue,benefit,upside,strength重要的:Key,crucial,critical,important,significant,vital,substantial,indispensable,imperative急剧地:Dramatically,drastically,sharply,hugely,enormously,steeply,substantially,considerably,significantly,markedly,surprisingly,strikingly,radically,remarkably,vastly,noticeably句型闪光被动优先句子复杂(狂用定从,多用状从)一个强调一个倒装一个虚拟被动优先大家要养成习惯随便写做个主动的句子都要考虑能不能改成被动句给大家总结一下两种情况下常用被动句1、当汉语用“人们、我们或有人”作主语Eg:原句:Weshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestostopvariousformsofpollution.变为→Effectivemeasuresshouldbetakentostopvariousformsofpollution.2、汉语中的无主句1)Whatshouldonedoinacaselikethis?→Whatshouldbedoneinacaselikethis?句子扩展当我们把词汇的问题解决了之后呢,我们必然面临到一个问题就是句子总也写不长。你老用简单句没有错。但是如果一点复杂句都没有那么肯定不会有高分。添油加醋法

我毕业于交通大学,写成:IgraduatedfromJiaotongUniversity这样的句子只是一个S+V结构的简单句,怎么办?IgraduatedwithhonorsfromJiaotongUniversity,oneofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesinChina,in1999,whenIbecameanEnglishteacher.英语句子写作的基本思路:将中文信息还原为简单朴实的基本结构→按英语结构完成英语→按照英语修饰习惯进行扩展。拉长主谓宾,加上定状补例:Iloveyou.I,

,loveyou.I,

,loveyou

.I,

,

loveyou

.I,

withallmyheartandsoul,whichisnevergoingtochangeuntiltheendofthetime,loveyou,whoseeyesarefilledwithloveandencouragement,

whichhassupportedmeallthewayhere,truly,Mom.狂用定语从句定从的无限魅力Thegirlisaseniorstudent.Sheiselectedasthe“CampusBeauty“.定从Thegirl,whoiselectedasthe“CampusBeauty”,isaseniorstudent.定语从句ThestudentsarefromBodybuildingClub.BodybuildingClubisthebestclubintheuniversity.定语从句ThestudentsarefromBodybuildingClub,which

isthebestclubintheuniversity.Iboughtthehouse.---主句

whichoncebelongedtomyneighbor.---从1inwhichmyneighborhaslivedfor30years.---从2whichisoneofthemostbeautifulbuildingsinthetown.---从3Oneroomofwhichisusedasmyreadingroomnow.---从4状语从句希望至少有:BecauseWhenAlthoughSo…that兼职对全日制学生有用,因为他们不但能赚到钱,而且还可以获得职业经验。Part-timejobsareusefulforfull-timestudentsbecausetheynotonlyearnmoneybutalsogaincareerexperience.实用绝招绝招1介词With是王牌1.With表伴随状态:PremierLikeqiangagainvisitedHunan,withstatetelevisionshowingpicturesofhimtellingprovincialofficialstodoalltheycouldtorestorepowerandotherservices.绝招1练习JetLiisasuperstar.Manyofhismoviesarepopularintheworld.JetLiisasuperstar,withmanyofhismoviespopularintheworld.刘翔站在天安门广场上,手持火炬。LiuXiangisstandingontheTiananmensquare,withtheOlympictorchinhishand.LiuXiangisstandingontheTiananmensquare,Olympictorchinhand.练习一位美女从我身边经过,面带微笑。Abeautypassedby,withasmileonherface.绝招2:主谓分割Seattleisagardencity,withoneofthemostdelightfulclimateintheworld.Seattle,

withoneofthemostdelightfulclimateintheworld,isagardencity.练习JetLi,withmanyofhismoviesarepopularintheworld,isasuperstar.LiuXiang,withtheOlympictorchinhishand,isstandingontheTiananmensquare,

绝招3:主谓分割+倒装Agardencity,

withoneofthemostdelightfulclimateintheworld,isSeattle.LiuXiang,withtheOlympictorchinhishand,isstandingontheTiananmensquare.OntheTiananmensquare,withtheOlympictorchinhishand,isstandingLiuXiang绝招4分词伴随显品位1.doing2.done用Doing和done做伴随状语的使用区别doing和done做伴随状语Seeingmyfriendsyellinganddemonstrating,Ican’thelptearing.Seenstealinginastore,hethoughthewasgoingtobecaught.原句Weweretouchedbytheteacher’swords.Wedecidedtoworkhard.

转换__________bytheteacher’swords,wedecidedtoworkhard.原句Ididn’treceiveherletter.Ihadtowriteagain.

转换

Not_____________herletter,Ihadtowriteagain.Touchedhavereceived造句从他的外表,我知道他是商人。Judgingfromhisoutlook,Iknowheisoneofthebusinessmen.倒装句子是亮点加分句型(掌握3种倒装)1.so…that倒装(全倒装)IamsohungrythatIcouldeatahorse.SohungryamIthatIcouldeatahorse.So…that倒装练习食物因为通货膨胀而如此之贵,我只能每天吃食堂。(通货膨胀:inflation)FoodissoexpensivebecauseofinflationthatIcouldonlyaffordfoodinDinningHall.SoexpensiveisfoodbecauseofinflationthatIcouldonlyaffordfoodinDinningHall.2.only倒装(部分倒装)21stcentury:OnlybylearningourownhistoryandpresentingitinaconvincingmannercanwemakethewesternmediarealizetheinjusticetheydotoChina.2.only倒装练习只有通过天天练习才能学好英语。Englishcanbelearnedwellonlybydailypratice.Onlybydailypracticecan

Englishbelearnedwell.特实用的onlyOnlyinthisway/undersuccessfulcontrol/specialcircumstances/aftercarefulconsiderationscanwe…….只有……我们才能……(常用于解决问题型的作文)Onlyundersuccessfulcontrolcanweminimizethenegativeimpactsandmaximizepositiveimpacts.3.句首否定词倒装(部分)No,not,seldom,never,little,hardly;Atnotime,innocase,innoway;Notuntil,notonly;YoucanseldompassCET-6withahighmark.强调句型别忘记加分句型Itis…that…Itis/was+人+morethananyoneelsewhoItis/was+物+morethananythingelsethat虚拟语气A:IfIwere……,Iwould+动词原形意思是如果我是……,我会…….B:Itishightimethat+一般过去时意思是……已经刻不容缓了。这两个句型基本每篇文章都能用到,而且基本都在最后一段。范文分析StructureSampleLanguage段落组织:开篇开门见山,直入主题。

段末亮出观点,观点鲜明。TheHarmofPCGamesNowalmosteverystudentisequippedwithacomputer.Sadly,someofthemuseitmainlyforPCgamesratherthanforstudy.TheydevotemostoftheirsparetimetoplayingPCgames,andsometimesevenskipclassestoexperiencetheexcitement.ThisobsessionwithPCgamesisveryharmful.语言表达:首段长短句错落,生动有致;主体段与结尾段恰当使用定语从句,状语从句,宾语从句等复合句,句式丰富多样。准确使用衔接词使文章逻辑清晰,如主体段的firstofall,second,third,asaresult,moreover,末段的consideringallthis;恰当使用限定词和短语,使表意精准,如首段的sometimes,even,主体段的insomeworsecases,chronic;多样化表达,避免重复,如文章分别用playPCgames,

experiencetheexcitement,fighttheirwayinthevirtualworld来表达“玩电脑游戏”;准确使用短语与句型,如beequippedwith,devoteto,bepreoccupiedwith,takeatollon,exertinfluenceon,engagein,so…that…;Itissuggestedthat…

主体段分点论述,逻辑清晰。分论点细节充实,层层递进,逻辑严谨,论证有力,语意连贯,流畅自然。Firstofall,PCgamesareabigdistractionfromastudent’sstudy.Gameaddictsaresopreoccupiedwithfightingtheirwayinthevirtualworldthattheyhavelittletimefortheirstudy.Asaresult,theiracademicperformancesuffers.Insomeworsecases,astudenthastodropout.

Second,addictiontoPCgamestakesatollonone’shealth.IfastudentplaysPCgamesforanextendedperiodoftime,itcanbequiteastrainonhiseyes.Moreover,achroniclackofsleepandexercisemayleadtosomehealthproblemssuchasobesity,andmusculardisorder.

Third,videogamescontainingviolencemayexertnegativeinfluenceonplayers.Therearestudieswhichrevealthemoretimeonespendsonviolentgames,themorelikelyoneistodisplayaggressivebehavior.尾段:总结(建议)

Consideringallthis,itissuggestedthatPCgameloverslimittheirtimeonPCgames,shungameswithunhealthycontentsandmoreimportantly,engageinothermoremeaningfulactivities.临场考试写作四部曲审题构思行文修改1.审题审题即认真阅读写作提示,其目的是明确写作主题、内容与形式要求。以2015年12月第一套四级真题写作题目为例:Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying"Nevergoouttheretoseewhathappens,goouttheretomakessomethinghappen."Youcanciteexamplestoillustratetheimportanceofbeingcreativeratherthanmereonlookersinlife.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,nomorethan180words.

首先,指示里写道:“writeanessaycommentingonthesaying‘Nevergoouttheretoseewhathappens,goouttheretomakesomethinghappen’”,显然谚语即是作文主题,接下来理解主题。“Nevergoouttheretoseewhathappens”好理解,字面意思是说“别出去看发生了什么”,但有的同学可能不能准确理解“makesomethinghappen”的意思。考试中如果遇到陌生词汇和短语,大家要学会联系语境来理解。这句话前面是否定,后面是肯定,构成语意上的对比。前面说“别出去看发生了什么”,结合语境,“makesomethinghappen”应该是“采取行动让事情发生”的意思。因此明确主题是“应积极行动,去成就事情而不要消极旁观,等待事情发生”。继续往下读:“Youcanciteexamplestoillustratetheimportanceofbeingcreativeratherthanmereonlookersinlife.”显然,这一句话明确了写作要求,考生应该用例证法说明在生活中拒绝当生活的旁观者,去主动成就事情重要性。1.审题再看2017年6月第一套四级真题写作题目:Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementonyourcampuswebsitetosellacomputeryouusedatcollege.Youradvertisementmayincludeitsbrand,specifications/features,conditionandprice,andyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.指示中第一句话“writeanadvertisementonyourcampuswebsitetosellacomputeryouusedatcollege.”明确了写作体裁与主题:写一则网络广告,售卖一台大学里用过的二手电脑。考生写作时应注意广告的行文特点:第一,产品信息要清楚;第二,产品优点要突出;第三,语言要活泼生动,有吸引力。第二句话“Youradvertisementmayincludeitsbrand,specifications/features,conditionandprice,andyourcontactinformation.”提示了应该涵盖的写作要点:电脑品牌、规格、成色(新旧程度)、价格以及个人联系信息。由此可见,认真阅读写作提示至关重要,既能让自己明确写作主题,还能清楚内容要点以及写作形式与方法。2.构思这里构思包含思考写作主题、内容、行文组织以及把思考结果写成提纲的两个行为。构思的目的有二。一是使考生能在行文时保持清醒、使行文不跑题、有逻辑;二是让考生行文有据,知道写什么,怎么写。四级考试时,考生应边思考边写提纲。考生思考的内容应该大致包括写作主题、内容、行文组织三个方面。三个方面在审题时已有初步思考,在这一步,考生应该将其具体化,落实到每个段落怎么组织。假如写三段,则应思考首段怎么引入主题,提出观点,主体段怎么论证(说明/描述),尾段怎么总结。下面,仍然拿2017年6月第一套四级真题写作题目来说明:Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementonyourcampuswebsitetosellacomputeryouusedatcollege.Youradvertisementmayincludeitsbrand,specifications/features,conditionandprice,andyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.构思环节——主题:售卖二手电脑;体裁:广告;内容:电脑品牌、规格、成色(新旧程度)、价格以及个人联系信息。广告的写作特点:第一,产品信息要清楚;第二,产品优点要突出;第三,语言要活泼生动,有吸引力;段落组织:第一段:吸引读者,引出主题(awell-maintainedsecond-handcomputertosell);第二段:介绍产品主要信息,突出优点(itsbrand,specifications,conditionandprice;itsmerits,etc);第三段:恳切呼唤买主,附个人联系信息。(It’syourbestchoice!Don'thesitatetocontactmeat…)审题和构思两个环节一般应控制在5mins中之内。提纲应尽量涵盖文章所有要点,比如议论文的提纲应该包括首段的中心论点,主体段的分论点以及主要论据(包括事实、实例、数据等)。另外,一些关键用词和表达也可以先写出来。3.行文行文是动笔写作成文的过程。在此环节,考生按照构思环节所列提纲来组织语言,表达思想。行文过程,考生要注意以下几点:1)首段应开门见山,快速入题,切忌拐弯抹角、铺排过度;2)主体段落要有鲜明的主题句,让改卷老师一目了然;3)慎用模板和万能句式。模板和万能句式可用,但一定要符合主题,表意准确;4)勿盲目追求用大词与高级句式,句式选择和词汇使用应以达意为第一标准。例如,一篇文章的题目是关于手机的使用是否会减弱我们面对面沟通的能力,学生的作文如此写道:Nowweliveinmodernsociety.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,peoplenowemploymobilephonetocommunicatemoreandmoreoften.Buttheirfacetofacecommunicationbecomeslessandless.Tobeginwith,utilisingmobilephonestocommunicatecanhaveacatastrophiceffectonone’sinterpersonalrelationship.Thereisnodenyingthatinthisday,manypeoplehaveharnessedmobiletechnologyforcommunication.Themoretheyusesuchtechnology,themoreproblemstheyhavewiththeirfriends.Anotherpointworthnotingisthattheywouldignoreface-to-faceconversationswithothers.Finally,theywillfeellonelyandsufferphysicallyandmentally.3.行文以上文章有几个问题:首先,首段入题太慢,没有鲜明的观点。文章的主题是手机是否会减少面对面交流,而“生活在现代社会”,“科技发展快”等内容太泛太空,与主题联系不紧密;第二,内容贫瘠,对主题没有进行充分有效的论述,手机的使用为什么会减少面对面交流,具体表现如何,文章并没有进行充分的论证;第三,套话多且使用不当。tobeginwith,itisundeniablethat,anotherpointworthnotingisthat,finally等表达的使用缺乏逻辑,思维跳跃;第四,用词大而不当。catastrophic过分夸张,employ,harness和utilise用来描述使用手机也不恰当。下面是参考作文:

SampleAnalysisMobilephonehasbecomeanindispensablepartinourlife.[1]Whileitenablesustokeepintouchwithpeoplefarawayfromus,itisverylikelytoweakenourabilitytocommunicatefacetoface.[2]Theincreaseduseofmobilephonecanhinderface-tofacecommunicationinmanyways.[3]Tostartwith,heavyusersofelectronicgadgets[4]tendtobecomelesspatientandaremorelikelytointerruptandwonderfromonetopictoanother.[3]Besides,relyingtoomuchonelectronicsreducespeople’ssensitivitytonon-verbalsignals,whichoftentellmorethanwordsorvoicemessages.[4]Facialexpressionsandbodylanguagerevealourtruefeelingsandthoughts,butpeopleaccustomedtoelectronicdeviceslosetheabilitytonoticethem,nottosayinterpretthemcorrectly.[3]Finally,youngpeoplemay[4]formahabitofusingacronyms,abbreviationsorinternetcatchphrases,whichw

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