综合英语book教学课件

Contents123456ActiveReading2WarmingUpListentoapassageaboutStephenHawking’sviewondeathandanswerquestions.Backgroundinformation:

StephenHawking,bornin1942,isanEnglishtheoreticalphysicistandcosmologist,whosescientificbooksandpublicappearanceshavemadehimanacademiccelebrity.Atageof21,hewastoldthathehadaprogressiveandincurablenervediseaseandhadonlyafewyearstolive.StephenHawkingWarmingUpQuestions:1.WhatdoesHawkingmeanbysaying“heavenisafairystoryforpeopleafraidofthedark”?2.WhatmadeHawkingeoneoftheworld'smostfamousscientists?3.HowdidHawkingcompareabraintoacomputer?4.AccordingtoHawking,howshouldwelive?ScriptWarmingUp1.WhatdoesHawkingmeanbysaying“heavenisafairystoryforpeopleafraidofthedark”?Hemeansthatheisnotafraidofdeath.Thereisnoheavenatallandonlythosewhodarenotfacedeathwillthinktheywillgotoheavenafterdeath.2.WhatmadeHawkingeoneoftheworld'smostfamousscientists?Hebecameoneoftheworld'smostfamousscientistswiththepublicationofhis1988book"ABriefHistoryofTime."WarmingUp3.HowdidHawkingcompareabraintoacomputer?

Heregardedthebrainasacomputerwhichwillstopworkingwhenitscomponentsfail.Thereisnoheavenorafterlifeforbroken-downcomputers;therefore,thereisnoheavenorafterlifeforthebrain.4.AccordingtoHawking,howshouldwelive?

Hesaid,“Weshouldseekthegreatestvalueofouraction”.ScriptWarmingUp“Heavenisafairystoryforpeopleafraidofthedark,”theeminentBritishtheoreticalphysicistStephenHawkingsaidinaninterviewpublishedonMonday.Hawking,69,wasexpectedtodiewithinafewyearsofbeingdiagnosedwithdegenerativemotorneurondiseaseattheageof21,butbecameoneoftheworld'smostfamousscientistswiththepublicationofhis1988book"ABriefHistoryofTime.""Ihavelivedwiththeprospectofanearlydeathforthelast49years.I'mnotafraidofdeath,butI'minnohurrytodie.IhavesomuchIwanttodofirst,"hetoldtheGuardiannewspaperinLondon.WarmingUp

“Iregardthebrainasacomputerwhichwillstopworkingwhenitscomponentsfail.Thereisnoheavenorafterlifeforbrokendowncomputers;thatisafairystoryforpeopleafraidofthedark."Whenaskedhowweshouldlivehesaid:“Weshouldseekthegreatestvalueofouraction.”AsaresultofhisincurableillnessHawkingcanonlyspeakthroughavoicesynthesizerandisalmostcompletelyparalyzed.Hesparkedseriousconcernsin2009whenhewashospitalizedafterfallingseriouslyillfollowingalecturetourintheUnitedStatesbuthassincereturnedtoCambridgeUniversityasadirectorofresearch.TextWeAreAllDying1

Ihavesomegoodnewsandsomebadnewsforyou(asthejokegoes).Thebadnews–andI'mverysorrytobethebearer–isthatwearealldying.It'strue.I'vecheckeditout.Infact,I'vedouble-andtriple-checkedit.I'vehaditsubstantiatedand,well,there'snoeasywaytosayit.we

are

dying.It'ssomethingthatIalwayskindofknew,butneverreallychosetothinkabouttoomuch.Butthefactis,withinthenext70

or80years–dependingonhowoldyouareandhowlongyou

last–weareallgoingtobeeithercoffindwellersortrampledash

intherosegardenofsomelocalcemetery.Wemaynotevenlast

thatlong.Afterall,weneverquiteknowwhenthehooded,scythe-carrying,bringer-of-the-last-breathmightcome-a-calling.Itcouldbesoonerthanwe'dlike.Ihavewatcheddeathfromthesidelines,quiterecentlyinfact,andnothingunderlinestheuncertaintyand

absolutefrailtyofhumanityliketheuntimelyexitofafriend.

Text2Scary.3NowthatIhavedepressedyou,here'sthegoodnews.Knowing

thatweareallbuddingcrypt-kickerstakesawayalltheuncertaintyoflife.Wealreadyknowhowthestoryends.Theprologueandepiloguearealreadytypedin.Allthat'sleftisthemiddlebitandthat'sdowntous.Wegettochoosethemeatofthestory.Text4So,allthoseplansthatyouhaveonthebackburner,youknow,thegreatthingsyou'regoingtodowithyourlife"whenthetimeisright"?Well,thetimeisneverquiteright,Ifind.Itneedstobe

broughtforwardanddonenow,thisminute,pronto,inahurry,asquickasyourlittlelegswillcarryyou.Thenovelthatyouwanttowrite,thetriptotheGrandCanyonyou'vealwaysplannedtotake,yourmind's-eyedream-job,theWestEndplayyouwanttodirect–youhavetodothemnow.We'redying,see.It'sofficial.Text5Soputtingyourdreamsonthebackburneruntilthecircumstancesarerightmeansthatthey'llprobablyneverberealized.Ouronlyregretsinlifearethethingswedon'tdo.Weoweittoourselvestogooutanddothemnowbeforeit'stoolate.Tomorrow?It'sallalie;thereisn'tatomorrow.There'sonlyapromissorynotethatweareoftennotinapositiontocash.Itdoesn'tevenexist.Whenyouwakeupinthemorningit'llbetodayagainandallthesameruleswillapply.Text

Tomorrowisjustanotherversionofnow,anemptyfieldthatwillremainsounlesswestartplantingsomeseeds.Yourtime,whichistickingawayaswespeak(atabout60secondsaminutechronologically;abitfasterifyoudon'tinvestyourtimewisely),willbegoneandyou'llhavenothingtoshowforitbutregretandarear-viewmirrorfullof"couldhaves","shouldhaves"and"wouldhaves".Text6Haveyouevernoticedwhenyougotoabuffetrestauranthowtheygiveyouabowlthesizeofasaucerandthensay,"Haveasmuchsaladasyoulikebutyoucanonlygouponce"?Lifeislikethatsmallsaladbowl.Likethehungrypeoplewaitingfortheirmaincourse,wecancramasmuchintothattinybowlaswecancarry.Ilovewatchingpeopleingeniouslystackthecucumberaroundthesideofthebowl–likethey'refillingaskip–andthencrammingitsohighthattheyhavetohireaforklifttrucktogetitbacktothetable.They'renotgreedy.Theyjustknowthattheyonlyhaveoneshotatit.Text7Fillyourbowl.Wecomethiswaybutoncesolet's

makethebestoftheshortstay.Liketheonce-a-yearholidaytoFloridaorSpain.Fitasmuchintotheshorttimethereasyoucan.Makesurethatyougobackhomeknackeredbecauseyougotsomuchdone.8Ifyoudon'twanttobeapostmanthendon'tbeapostman.Giveitupandbeapainter,awriter,atobogganist,whatever.Justdon'tbesomethingthatyoupatentlydonotwanttobe.Text9Andnowisthetime,nottomorrow.Thereisnotimelikethepresent.Ifyoucan'thavewhatyouwantthisverysecondtheleastyoucandoisstartthejourneynow,thisminute,whiletheinspirationishigh.Weallhavethesameamountofminutes,weallgetthesame24hoursasBransonandGates.It'sjustwhatwedowithourtime,howweinvestit,thatdetermineswhereourlivesmaylead.Text10SowhatI'mthinkingis(andthisisnotmolecularscience)ifwearedyingandourallottedtimeisfinite,whythehellaren'twedoingallthethingswewanttodoNOW?What'sallthisback-burnerstuff?Andwhyareweallwaitingfortherighttimewhenwealreadyknowthattherighttimeisn'tgoingtoshow?Therighttimeisthechequethat'spermanentlyinthepost,itneverarrives.

It'sthegirlwhokeepsusstandingatthecorneroftheCo-oplookinglikeaspanner.Noamountofclockwatchingwillchangetheinevitable.She'sstoodusup.Text11Wewait;therighttimeneverarrives.12SoIsaystopwaitingandmeetprovidencehalfway.Startfillingyourlifewiththerichesonoffersothatwhenthereaperarrives,you'llhaveachievedsomuch,crammedyourtimesofullthathe'llfallasleepwaitingforyourlifetoflashbeforeyoureyes.Text13Actnoworyourtimewillelapseandyou'llendupasasepia-colouredrelativethatnoonecanputanametoinadustyphotoalbum.14Bettertoleaveabiographyasthickasawhaleomelettethananepitaph.15"JoeSmith...hmmm.Hedidn'tdomuch,didhe?"

Text我们都在走向死亡1

我给你带来一条好消息，还有一条坏消息（正如笑话所说的）。坏消息是：我们都在走向死亡——很抱歉是我带来了这条坏消息。这可是真的，我已经核实过了，事实上我已经三番五次地核实过了。我也找到了证据，可是要说出这个事实实在是不容易，不过我们的确都在走向死亡。Text这件事我过去多少知道一点，但不愿过多地去想它。但事实是，再过70年或80年——这要取决于你现在年龄有多大，寿命有多长——我们都会躺到棺材里，或者变成某个地方公墓玫瑰园里的灰尘，被人践踏。我们甚至活不到这么老。毕竟，我们从来就不清楚那位戴着头巾、手持长柄镰刀、命人吐出最后一口气的死神什么时候会来召唤我们，有可能会比我们希望的要早。其实我最近就曾经从局外人的角度观察过死亡，没有什么比朋友的早逝更能表明人生的无常和生命的脆弱了。Text2

真可怕。3

我已经让你够沮丧的了，现在告诉你那条好消息吧：知道了我们都在走向坟墓，我们就不再有人生无常的感觉了。我们已经知道故事的结局，开场白和尾声也都确定了，剩下的就是介于两者之间的那些事儿了，这些事是我们作得了主的。我们必须挑选故事情节。Text4所以，那些被你搁置在一边的计划，即那些“当时机成熟时”你会用生命来完成的伟大事业怎么办呢？可我发现时机永远不会有成熟的时候。时间必须提前，必须马上行动，就在这一刻，不能拖延，必须赶紧，而且越快越好。不管是你想写的小说，还是你一直在筹划的去大峡谷的旅行，你心仪的工作，你想导演的伦敦西区话剧，你都必须现在就去做。知道吗？我们都在走向死亡。这是已经定了的。Text

5

因此，把自己的梦想搁置起来，等到时机成熟之后才开始实现它，这就意味着梦想可能永远都不会实现。人生的遗憾莫过于还有事情没有做，我们有必要现在就去做这些事，不然就晚了。明天行吗？明天只是个谎言；根本就没有什么明天，只有一张我们常常无法兑现的期票。明天甚至压根儿就不存在。你早上醒来时又是另一个今天了，同样的规则又可以全部套用。Text明天只是现在的另一种说法，是一块空地，除非我们开始在那里播种，否则它永远都是空地。你的时间会流逝（时间就在我们说话的当下嘀嗒嘀嗒地走着，每分钟顺时针走60秒，如果你不能很好地利用它，它会走得更快些），而你没有取得任何成就来证明它的存在，唯独留下遗憾，留下一面后视镜，上面写满了“本可以做”、“本应该做”、“本来会做”的事情。Text6

你是否注意过，自助餐馆里服务员会给你一个茶杯碟大小的碗，并告诉你：“你想盛多少沙拉都可以，但只能盛一次”？生活就像那只盛沙拉的碗，我们可以和那些饥肠辘辘等着主菜的人一样在那只小碗里装上尽可能多的沙拉。我喜欢看人们巧妙地把黄瓜片插在沙拉碗的四周——就像往废料桶里堆东西那样——把沙拉堆得老高老高，最后不得不雇个叉车把沙拉拉回餐桌。他们不是贪婪，而是明白自己只有一次机会。Text7

把你的碗盛满吧，我们在这个世上只走一遭，既然来了就好好利用这短暂的一生，就像我们牢牢抓住一年一度去佛罗里达或西班牙度假的机会那样。在短暂的人生中填入尽可能多的内容吧。确保每天回家后你都会因为干了很多事而感到精疲力尽。8

如果你不想当邮递员就别当邮递员，放弃这份工作去当个画家、作家、滑雪运动员，干什么都行。千万不要干自己明明就不喜欢的事情。Text9

现在就开始行动吧，不要等到明天。没有比现在更好的时间了。如果在这一刻你不能得到你想得到的东西，你至少可以趁灵感还在的时候马上开始你的旅程，即刻起程。我们有同样多的时间，我们和布兰森以及盖茨一样，每天都有24个小时。决定我们这一生成败的是我们把时间花在什么事情上，是我们如何来分配时间。Text10

因此，我正在琢磨的是（这可不是分子科学）：如果我们正在走向死亡，而且分配给我们的时间是有限的，那么我们到底有什么理由不现在就去做所有想做的事情呢？这些被暂时搁置的事情到底又是什么呢？为什么明明知道成熟的时机永远不会到来，而我们却都还在等待呢？成熟的时机是一张支票，它永远都在邮寄的路上，永远都不会到来。它就是那让我们在合作社旁边像桥墩那样站着傻等的女孩，我们再怎么看表也无济于事，她失约了。Text11

我们傻等着，而成熟的时机却永远不会到来。12

所以我要说，别再等待了，走到路上去迎接天意。开始给你的生活增添所有你能得到的财富，这样当死神到来时，你已经完成了那么多事，你的一生是那么的充实。当生命在你眼前回放时，死神等着等着就睡着了。Text13现在就行动吧，不然你的时间会流逝的，而你最终将成为尘封的相册里的一位谁都叫不上名字的灰头土脸的穷亲戚。14还是给人间留下一本像大煎蛋饼那么厚的传记吧，那可比仅仅留下一块碑铭强。15“乔·史密斯……嘿嘿，他没干过什么，对吧？”TextWords&Phrasesbearertriplesubstantiatecoffin

dwellertramplecemeterykickercryptbuddinguntimely

frailty

uncertaintysidelinerearwiselychronologicallypromissory

notecanyonprontoback-burnerhoodedhood

scytheburnerepilogueprologuecrambuffetrear-viewmirrorWords&Phrasesingeniouscucumberskipforklift

truckknackeredtobogganistpatentlythe(Grim)ReaperreaperprovidencespannerpermanentlyfiniteallotepitaphomelettepatentmolecularmoleculebiographysepiaelapseingeniouslyWords&Phrasescheck

sth.

outbe

down

to

sb.the

meat

ofon

the

back

burnerbe

in

a/nopositionto

dotick

awayhave/getashotat(doing)sth.makethebestofsth.standsb.upmeetsb.halfwayWords&PhrasesGrandCanyon大峡谷（指科罗拉多河的大峡谷）WestEnd

西伦敦Florida

佛罗里达州（美国州名）Spain

西班牙（欧洲西南部国家）Branson

布兰森Co-op

英国的一家连锁超市Joe

Smith

乔·史密斯（人名）bearern.[C]

someonewhobringsyouaparticulartypeofnewsorinformation

带信者；捎信人e.g.

I'msorrytobethebearerofbadnews.很遗憾我是带来坏消息的人。Wordfamily:bear

v.

(bore/borne)

carrysomeoneorsomething,especiallysomethingimportant运送；携带e.g.

1.Theweddingguestsarrived,bearinggifts.

婚礼的宾客们带着礼物抵达了。2.TheUSConstitutionstatesthatthepeoplehavearighttobeararms.

美国宪法声明人们有权携带武器。Words&Phrasestriplea.

involvingthreethingsofthesamekind

三倍的；三重的e.g.

1.Heisatriplemurderer.

2.Theplanhasatriplepurpose.

Wordformation:tri-:(prefix)

threee.g.

1.trilingual:speakingthreelanguages2.triangle:ashapewiththreesidesWords&Phrases会说三种语言的三角形他犯三重谋杀罪。该计划有三个目的。substantiatevt.

provideevidencethatprovessth.

用证据证明；证实e.g.

1.

Theeyewitnesscansubstantiateallthetestimony.目击证人能够证实所有的证词。2.

Katzenofferedlittleevidencetosubstantiatehisclaims.

卡曾没有提供证据来证明自己的主张。

Words&Phrasescoffinn.[C]

alongboxinwhichadeadpersonisburied

棺材；灵柩e.g.Hemustbesomebody,foraflagwasdrapedoverthecoffin.Words&Phrases他一定是某个重要人物，因为他的灵柩上盖着国旗。dwellern.[C]

someonewholivesinaparticulartypeofplace

居住者；居民e.g.

1.Atown-dwellerwasvisitingthecountryandwaspraisingthecleanlinessoftheair.一个城里人到乡下去游玩，他特别赞赏那里洁净的空气。2.Thecountrydwellerneverexperiencesanxietiesofthissort.

农村居民从未经历过这种担忧。Wordfamily:dwell

v.Words&Phrasestramplev.

putyourfeetdownonsomeoneorsomethinginaheavywaythatcausesinjuryordamage踩；践踏e.g.

1.Insomecountriesthepeasantsstilltrampleoutthegrapesjuiceforthewine.在有些国家，农民仍用踩榨的方法取出葡萄汁来做酒。2.Someonewilltrytopayyououtifyoutrampletoomuchonthefeelingsofother.

如果你再去践踏别人的感情，有人会报复你。Words&Phrasescemeteryn.[C]

anareaofgroundwheredeadpeopleareburied墓地；公墓e.g.HewasburiedinArlingtonNationalCemetery.

他被葬在美国阿林顿国家公墓。Words&Phraseshoodeda.

withahood

有罩的；带风帽（或兜帽）的e.g.

ahoodedsweatshirt

Words&Phrases连帽运动衫

hoodn.[C]

thepartofacoatorjacketthatcoversyourhead（外衣上的）风帽，兜帽e.g.

Youcanputyourhoodupifitrains.如果下雨你可以把（外衣上的）兜帽戴上。Words&Phrasesscythen.[C]

anedgetoolforcuttinggrass;hasalonghandlethatmustbeheldwithbothhandsandacurvedbladethatmovesparalleltotheground

长柄大镰刀e.g.He'scuttinggrasswithascythe.他正在用一把大镰刀割草。Words&Phrasessidelinen.[C]

1)eitherofthelinesonthesidesofasportsfieldthatshowwheretheedgesofthefieldare

（球场的）界外区域，场外区域2)ajobthatyoudoinadditiontoyourmainjob,inordertoearnextramoney兼职；副业Words&Phrases副业边线局外Whatdoesthewordsidelinemeaninthefollowingsentences?Joeisanengineer,buthedoessometranslationasa

sideline.

Theballwentbeyondthesideline.Iwasonthesidelinesduringthepoliticalcrisis.

uncertaintyn.

1)[U]

(~about/over/asto)

thefactthatsth.isnotknownorhasnotbeendecided

难以预料；无常；不确定e.g.Thereisstilluncertaintyastohowthecourtshoulddealwithyourapplication.

我们亦不确定法庭应当如何处理你的申请。

2)[C]

sth.thatyoucannotbecertainaboutorcannotdependon

无把握的事物；靠不住的事物e.g.Inthemidstofmanyuncertainties,theconferencedrewtoanuneasyclose.许多问题悬而未决，这次会谈并未取得满意结果。Antonym:certainty

Wordfamily:certain

a.

Words&Phrasesfrailtyn.

1)

[U]

theconditionofbeingphysicallyweakandnotingoodhealth虚弱；衰弱e.g.

Despiteincreasingphysicalfrailty,hecontinuedtowritestories.尽管身体越来越虚弱，他仍然继续写小说。2)

[C,U]

theconditionofhavingaweakcharacterorweakmoralstandards

性格懦弱；意识薄弱e.g.

Oneofthefrailtiesofhumannatureislaziness.

人性的弱点之一是懒惰。Wordfamily:

frail

a.

Words&Phrasesuntimelya.1)monlyearlyorbeforetheexpectedtime（发生）过早的；太年轻的e.g.

Heruntimelydeathat25madeherparentsheartbroken.

她25岁时英年早逝使她的父母伤心欲绝。2)happeningatatimethatisnotsuitable不合时宜的；不适时的e.g.Hisuntimelyinterventionannoyedme.

他那不合时宜的干涉让我生气。Antonym:timelyWords&Phrasesbuddinga.

(onlybeforenoun)1)attheverybeginningofacareerinwriting,acting,politicsetc.andlikelytobesuccessfulatit

初露头角的2)justbeginningordeveloping

正发芽的；发展中的Translatefollowingsentences:

1.Theywereawareofabuddingcrisis.

他们意识到萌发中的危机。2.Abuddingromanceisthesweetest.刚刚萌芽的爱情最甜蜜。3.Sheisaabuddingjournalist.她是一个初出茅庐的记者。Words&Phrasescryptn.[C]

anundergroundroomwherethebodiesofdeadpeopleareburied,usuallyunderachurch

地窖，地下室；（从前用作墓穴的）教堂地下室e.g.Shehidherselfinachurchcrypt.她躲在教堂的地下室。Words&Phraseskickern.[C]

aplayerwhokicks(thefootball)

踢……的人e.g.Iftheteamhasabadoffensebutagoodkickerthenhisstrategymightbetogetasmanyfieldgoalsaspossible.如果队伍进攻能力差，但有个好射手，那么策略可能是尽量多射门。Words&Phrasesprologuen.[C]

1)apieceofwritingatthestartofabookthatintroducesthestory;thebeginningofaplay,film,ortelevisionprogrammethatintroducesthestory书的前言；（戏剧或电影等的）开场白e.g.

Hebeganhisprologuebysaying"goodevening".他以“晚上好”开始了他的开场白。2)aneventthatleadstoanotherevent

序幕；开端e.g.

ThemurderwastheprologuetoWorldWarI.这场谋杀是第一次世界大战的序幕。Words&Phrasesepiloguen.[C]

anextrapartaddedattheendofanovel,longpoem,orotherpieceofwriting（小说、长诗或其他作品的）后记，尾声e.g.

1.Theplayendedwithahumorousepilogue.这出戏以幽默的收场白结束。2.Intheepilogue,theSilkRoadresoundswiththesongoffriendship.

在尾声部分，丝绸之路上回荡着友谊之歌。

Words&Phrasesburnern.[C]

anobjectusedforheatingorburningsomething

燃烧器；炉子Canyouguessthemeaningsofthefollowingburners?1.anincenseburner

2.aCDburner3.anoilburnerSeealso:

onthebackburner.Words&Phrases香炉CD刻录机燃油器/特别耗油的汽车back-burnera.

havinglowurgency;notcurrentlyimportant

一时非优的；暂处于次要地位的e.g.Somethingurgenthascomeup,soweputyourprojectontheback-burnertemporarily.

有紧急事件发生，所以我们把你的项目暂时搁置。Words&Phrasesprontoad.

(infml)

now,orveryquickly

现在；即刻地；迅速地e.g.

1.You'dbettergetyourhomeworkdonepronto!

你最好现在马上做你的功课。2.Iwantthisrubbishclearedawaypronto!

把这些垃圾立即给我弄走！Words&Phrasescanyonn.[C]

alongdeepvalleywithverysteepsidesmadeofrock

峡谷e.g.

YarlungZangboGrandCanyon

isthedeepestcanyonintheworld.Seealso:GrandCanyon.

Words&Phrases雅鲁藏布江大峡谷是世界最深的峡谷。promissorynoten.[C]

adocumentgivingthedetailsofyourpromisetopaysomeoneaparticularamountofmoneybyaspecificdate

本票，期票（有关出票人承诺在某一具体日期前向某人归还一定数量钱款细节的文件）e.g.Abondisapromissorynote,usuallyissuedforaspecifiedamount.债券是一种期票，通常以一定数额发行。promissorya.

（商业）

约定支付的Words&Phraseschronologicallyad.

insequenceaccordingtotime

按时间先后顺序排列地e.g.Theexhibitsarechronologicallydisplayed.展览品是按年月顺序陈列的。Wordfamily:chronological

a.e.g.Payattentiontotheresumeformatyouuse--chronologicalorreverse-chronologicalorder.Chronologicalordermeanslistingyour‘oldest’workexperiencefirst.Reverse-chronologicalordermeanslistingyourcurrentormostrecentexperiencefirst.

(CET4-2006-06)

注意你们所使用的履历格式——是按时间先后顺序还是逆时顺序的。先后顺序是指先列出你最“老”的工作经历。逆时顺序是指先列出你现在或者最近的工作经历。Words&Phraseswiselyad.

inawisemanner

明智地e.g.Usingyourcreditcardwiselywillhelpyoukeepyourdebtwithinmanageablelimits.明智地使用信用卡有助于你将债务保持在可控的范围内。Wordfamily：wise

a.

wisdom

n.

Words&Phrasesrearn.

atthebackofsomething

后部；后边e.g.

1.Therearseatsarealloccupied.后面的座位全坐满了。2.

Reportersinterceptedhimashetriedtoleavebytherearentrance.

他想从后门溜走，记者把他截住了。Words&Phrasesrear-viewmirrorn.[C]

amirrorfixedinsidethefrontwindowofacarthatletsthedriverseewhatishappeningbehindit

后视镜e.g.Themountainwasrecedingintherear-viewmirror.

那座山渐渐从后视镜中远去了。Words&Phrasesbuffetn.[C]

amealatwhichallthefoodisputonatableandpeoplegoandchoosewhattheywant自助餐e.g.Sir,howwillthemealsforthisChampionshipsbeserved,orderorbuffet?先生，请问这次锦标赛的用餐将用什么方式，点菜还是自助餐？Words&Phrasescram1)vt.

putpeopleorthingsintoaspacethatistoosmall

把……塞进cramsth.into/in/understh.cramsth.withsth.e.g.1.ThisboxiscrammedwithChristmasgifts.

这个盒子里塞满了圣诞礼物。2.Howdotheyallcramintothatdoll'shouse?

那小小的房子怎么挤得下他们呢?

2)vi.studyintensivelyoverashortperiodoftimejustbeforeanexamination（考试前）临时抱佛脚；强化学习e.g.

She'scrammingforherhistoryexam.她在死记硬背应付历史考试。Words&Phrasesingeniouslyad.

inaningeniousmanner

（机器等）制作精巧地；（方法等）巧妙地e.g.TheingeniouslyengineeredTrojanhorsewasalsohisidea.那个设计得十分精巧的特洛伊木马同样也是他的主意。Wordfamily:ingenious

a.

精巧的，巧妙的Words&Phrasesingeniousa.

1)aningeniousplan,pieceofequipmentetc.usesnewandcleverideas（机器等）制作精巧的；（方法等）巧妙的e.g.Thedirectorusedingeniousdevicestokeeptheaudienceinsuspense.

导演用巧妙手法引起观众的悬念。2)someonewhoisingeniousisgoodatinventingthingsandsolvingproblemsinnewways（人、头脑）灵巧的；善于创造发明的e.g.Itwastheoffspringofamostingeniousbrain.这真是聪明绝顶的头脑想出来的绝招儿。Words&Phrasescucumbern.

[C,U]

alongthinvegetablethathasadarkgreenskinandiswhiteinside.Itisusuallyeatenrawinsalads

黄瓜e.g.1.Hegavemeahugecucumber.他给了我一根大黄瓜。2.Havesomecucumber.吃点黄瓜吧。ascoolasacucumber:verycoolorcalm,asinhotweatherorinadifficultsituation十分镇静、沉着e.g.Hekeptascoolasacucumberasthereportersshoutedquestionsathimatonce.

记者七嘴八舌地高声向他提问时，他始终表现得镇定自若。Words&Phrasesskip1)

n.[C]

(BrE)

averylargemetalcontainerusedinthebuildingindustryforwaste.Itiscarriedawaybyatruckwhenitisfull（建筑业的）废料桶，大铁桶2)vi.

moveforwardsbyjumpingfirstononefootandthentheother

蹦跳；蹦跳着走e.g.

Lambsskippedinthefield.

小羊在田野里跳跃。3)vt.avoiddoingorhavingsomething略过；跳过e.g.

Think

before

you

decide

to

skip

your

next

meal.

在你决定不吃下一顿饭之前想清楚。Words&PhrasesTranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.1.Doyouoftenskipbreakfast?2.Youmayskipthroughabook,readingonlythosepassageshereandtherewhichconcernyou.3.Let'sskipthisbusifitistoocrowded.4.Thespeakerkeptskippingfromonesubjecttoanother.5.Debriswasbeingloadedintoskips.

Words&Phrases不吃早饭跳读一本书不坐这辆车从一个题目跳到另一个题目垃圾正被装进废料桶内。forklifttruckn.[C]

avehiclethatusestwolongmetalbarsatthefrontforliftingandmovingheavyobjects

叉车；铲车e.g.Myelderbrotherisaforklifttruckdriver.

我哥哥是个铲车司机。Words&Phrasesknackereda.

(BrEinfml)

verytired筋疲力尽的e.g.Ifeelcompletelyknackeredafterexercisinginthegym.

在健身房里锻炼过后我精疲力尽。Wordfamily：knacker

v.e.g.Slowdown—you'llknackeryourselfout!

放慢速度——不然你会把自己累坏的！Words&Phrasestobogganistn.[C]

someonewhoridesatoboggan

雪橇运动员Wordfamilytoboggan

n.&v.

雪橇；滑雪橇

我最喜爱冬季，因为我可以滑雪橇!Words&Phrasese.g.IenjoywinterthemostbecauseIcantoboggan!patentlyad.

inawaythatissoobviousthatnoonecoulddisagree

有目共睹地；显然地e.g.1.

Itwaspatentlyobviousthathewaslying.

显然他在撒谎。2.It'spatentlyabsurdnottowearacoatinsuchcoldweather.

这么冷的天气不穿外衣，显然很荒唐。Words&Phrasespatenta.

(alwaysbeforenoun)extremelyobvious

特别明显的；显著的e.g.1.Itwaspatenttoeveryonethathedislikedtheidea.

每个人都看得出来他不喜欢这个主意。2.Theprisoner'sstatementisapatentlie.

该囚犯的陈述显然是一个谎言。Words&Phrasesmoleculara.

(onlybeforenoun)relatingtomolecules

分子的e.g.

1.DNAisaverysophisticatedmolecularsystem.

DNA是非常精密的分子系统。2.Itisthismolecularmotionthatwecallheat.

就是这种分子运动我们称之为热。Words&Phrasesmoleculen.

thesmallestpartofanelementorcompoundthatiscapableofindependentexistence.Itconsistsoftwoormoreatoms分子e.g.1.watermolecules2.amoleculeofcarbondioxideWords&Phrases水分子一个二氧化碳分子allotvt.

givesomeonepartofanamountofsth.thatisavailable,ortodecidethatsth.willbeusedforaspecificpurpose（按份额）分配，指定，拨出e.g.1.Howmanystudentsfinishedthetestintheallottedtime?有多少学生在规定的时间里完成了考试？2.Whowillsheallottheeasyjobsto?

她要把轻活儿分给谁?Words&Phrasesfinitea.

(fml)existingonlyinlimitednumbersoramounts,orcontinuingonlyforalimitedtimeordistance有限的；有限制的e.g.1.Theworld’sfiniteresourcesmustbeusedwisely.地球有限的资源必须合理地使用。2.

Unlikephysicalenergy,whichisfiniteanddiminisheswithage,emotionalenergyisunlimitedandhasnothingtodowithgenesorupbringing.(CET4-2006-06)身体的力量是有限的并随着年纪的增长而减少，与之不同的是，情感的力量是无限的并与基因或教育无关。Antonym:infinite

Words&Phrasespermanentlyad.

foralongtimeorforalltimeinthefuture永久地；永恒地；持久地e.g.

1.Thestrokelefthisrightsidepermanentlydamaged.

中风给他的右半身造成了永久的损伤。2.ShehaddecidedtosettlepermanentlyinFrance.她已经决定永久定居法国。Wordfamily:

permanenta.

Antonym:

temporarily

Words&Phrases

Choosethebestanswer:Salariesfor________positionsseemtobehigherthanforpermanentones.(CET4-2005-01)A)legalB)optionalC)voluntaryD)temporary翻译：临时岗位的薪水似乎比终身岗位的还要高。Words&PhrasesDspannern.(BrE)

ametaltoolthatyouuseforturningsmallpiecesofmetalcallednutstomakethemtighter

扳手；扳钳e.g.Takeyourspanner,andtightenthenut.把你的扳手拿来，把螺帽拧紧。Words&Phrasesprovidencen.[U]

(literary)apowerfulforcethatsomepeoplebelievecauseseverythingthathappenstous

命运；天意；天命e.g.1.Itseemedlikeprovidencethatthedoctorha