Unit+3+Fit+for+Life+Grammar+and+usage+课件-【知识精讲精研】高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第二册

Unit3Fitforlife

Grammar&Usage详解课件

新译林2020版

选必二Presentperfectcontinuous现在完成进行时1.现在完成进行时表示动作从过去的某一时间开始一直持续到现在，动作是否延续下去视上下文而定。TheChinesehavebeenmakingpaperfortwothousandyears.一、用法中国有2000年的造纸历史。动作还将继续下去这些天来他一直在给我们的杂志写文章。TomhasbeenphoningAliceeverynightforseveralmonths.几个月来，汤姆每天晚上都给艾丽斯打电话。2.表示从过去到现在时的一段时间被反复进行的动作或存在的状态。Allthesedayshehasbeenwritingarticlestoourmagazine.allthesedays表示的是一段时间反复进行的动作。强调Tom最近几个月反复给Alice打电话。Hewastired,hehasbeenworkingallday.他累了，他整天都在工作。表示工作的持续状态。Whathaveyoubeendoingallthistime?Myfatherhasbeenwritinglettersallmorning.Ihavebeentryingalldaytocontactyou.Theboyhasbeenlyinginbedforthreeweeks.Wehavebeendiscussingtheproblemsincelastweek.She’s

beenworkinginabanksincesheleftschool.1.

表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在并仍在继续，常与allthistime，thisweek/month，allmorning/afternoon/day，recently等状语以及由for和since所构成的短语或状语从句连用。2.

表示过去开始的动作刚结束并在某种情况下与现在有关联。John’sclothesarecoveredwithpaint.Hehasbeenpaintingtheroom.Thebabyhasbeencryingforalongtime,butthefatherhasgonetosleepnow.Ihavebeenknocking.Idon’tthinkanybodyisin.IhavefoundthebookthatIhavebeenlookingfor.ShehasbeenburningthemidnightoiltoprepareforGRE.WehavebeengoingtoSeattleforhalfayear.I'vebeenworkingwithherfor20years.例：S（主语）+have/hasbeendoing二、结构①在不用时间状语的情况下，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在持续进行，而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。

我们一直在打扫教室。我们把教室打扫过了。

Wehavecleanedtheclassroom.Wehavebeencleaningtheclassroom.三、现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别1.

现在完成时通常表示动作已完成，而现在完成进行时却不一定如此。Ihavelookedforasuitableschoolallaroundthecity.

（已经不找了）Ihavebeenlookingforasuitableschoolallaroundthecity.

（一直在找）2.

现在完成时通常表示反复发生的动作，一般用howmanytimes询问动作完成的次数；现在完成进行时通常表示持续不间断的动作，一般用howlong询问动作持续的时间。Howmanytimeshaveyouvisitedthemuseum?（强调动作的重复性）Howlonghaveyoubeenworkinginthecompany?

（强调动作的延续性）③有些表示状态、感情、感觉的动词如：have,exist,like,hear,know,sound等，不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时。

Theyhaveknowneachothersince1970.他们自从1970年就相识了。JohnhaslovedMarysincetenyearsago.约翰爱了玛莉整整十年。IhavenotspokenEnglishfortwoyears.Hehasneverseenamanlikehim.④在否定句中一般用现在完成时而不用现在完成进行时。IhavenotbeenspeakingEnglishfortwoyears.Hehasneverbeenseeingamanlikehim.3.

许多静态动词只能用于现在完成时而不能用于现在完成进行时。4.already，ever，never，yet等副词不用于现在完成进行时。He’salovelydog

—

howlonghaveyouhadhim?Theboyhasadmittedhismistake.Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.1.I_________________(reflect)onthearticleIreadaboutancientmedicineallday.2.I________________(wait)fortwohourstoseethedoctorbutitisstillnotmyturnyet.3.Mymother________________(write)areportonthenewtreatmentallmorning.4.Thecompany_______________(make)herbalmedicinesformorethan100years.5.Scientists______________(do)researchonthediseasesinceitwasfirstdiscoveredintheearly20thcentury.havebeenreflectinghavebeenwaitinghasbeenwritinghasbeenmakinghavebeendoing

ApplyingtherulesLet’sreadapersonalaccountgivenbyagirlwhoisequippedwitharobotichand.beequippedwithwithdrawintooneselfleadanormallifeholdontomoreamazinglybecapableofdoingsth.begratefulfor...openupnewpossibilitiesUsefulExpressionsonP34装备有，配备有离群索居过正常的生活抓住不放；握住；控制更加令人惊异的是有能力做某事因而感激开启新的可能性AfterIlostmyrighthandinacaraccidenttwoyearsago,Ibegantowithdrawintomyself,believingIwouldneverbeabletoleadanormallifeagain.Iwasequippedwithanartificialhand,butitdidnotfeellikepartofme.Evensimplethingslikegettingdressedwereunbelievablydifficult.Threemonthsago,however,allthatchangedwhenIwasgiventhechancetotestanewrobotichand.两年前，我在一场车祸中失去了右手，此后我开始封闭自我，认为自己再也无法过正常的生活了。我装了一只假手，但它感觉不像是我的一部分。即使是像穿衣服这样简单的事情也难以置信地困难。然而，三个月前，当我有机会测试一只新的机械手时，一切都改变了。Scientistshavebeenmakinggreatprogressinrobotictechnologyinrecentyears,andtheirworkonroboticlimbshasreallychangedmylife.Withmynewhand,I

canmovemyindividualfingersandholdontosmallthingslikepensandpencils.Moreamazingly,myrobotichandiscapableoffeelingvaryingdegreesofpressure,justlikearealhand.Inaddition,itlooksverylifelikewithspecialrubberusedontheoutside.近年来，科学家们在机器人技术方面取得了很大的进步，他们在机械肢体方面的工作确实改变了我的生活。用我的新手，我可以移动我的手指，握住像钢笔和铅笔这样的小东西。更神奇的是，我的机械手能够感受到不同程度的压力，就像一只真正的手一样。此外，它的外表使用了特殊的橡胶，看起来非常逼真。OverthepastthreemonthsIhavebeentestingoutthelimitsofwhatIcandowithmynewhand,anditconstantlysurprisesme.IhaverediscoveredhobbiesIhadenjoyedbeforemyaccident.Forexample,IhavebeencookingformyfamilyagainsinceIgotmynewhand.NotonlycanIdomore,butIhavealsobecomemoreconfidentandoutgoing.I’msogratefulforallthenewpossibilitiesmyrobotichandhasopenedup.在过去的三个月里，我一直在测试我用这只新手所能做的事情的极限，它不断地给我带来惊喜。我重新发现了事故前喜欢的爱好。例如，自从我有了新的手，我又开始为我的家人做饭了。我不仅可以做得更多，而且我也变得更加自信和外向。我很感激我的机械手带来的所有新可能性。AfterIlostmyrighthandinacaraccidenttwoyearsago,Ibegantowithdrawintomyself,believingIwouldneverbeabletoleadanormallifeagain.Iwasequippedwithanartificialhand,butitdidnotfeellikepartofme.Evensimplethingslikegettingdressedwereunbelievablydifficult.Threemonthsago,however,allthatchangedwhenIwasgiventhechancetotestanewrobotichand.Scientistshavebeenmakinggreatprogressinrobotictechnologyinrecentyears,andtheirworkonroboticlimbshasreallychangedmylife.Withmynewhand,Icanmovemyindividualfingersandholdontosmallthingslikepensandpencils.Moreamazingly,myrobotichandiscapableoffeelingvaryingdegreesofpressure,justlikearealhand.Inaddition,itlooksverylifelikewithspecialrubberusedontheoutside.OverthepastthreemonthsIhavebeentestingoutthelimitsofwhatIcandowithmynewhand,anditconstantlysurprisesme.IhaverediscoveredhobbiesIhadenjoyedbeforemyaccident.Forexample,IhavebeencookingformyfamilyagainsinceIgotmynewhand.NotonlycanIdomore,butIhavealsobecomemoreconfidentandoutgoing.I’msogratefulforallthenewpossibilitiesmyrobotichandhasopenedup.BeforehavingthenewrobotichandWiththenewrobotichandAfterhavingthenewrobotichand

Fillinthefollowingtableaccordingtothepersonalaccount.Beforehavingthenew

robotichandThegirlbeganto_____________________afterlosingherrighthandina

caraccidenttwoyearsago.Theoldartificialhandcouldnothelpherbecause_____________________________________________________.WiththenewrobotichandThegirlcan__________________________andholdontosmallthings.Thenewrobotichandiscapableof

_________________________________.Thenewrobotichandlooksverylifelikewith_________________________________.Afterhavingthenew

robotichandThegirlhasrediscoveredoldhobbies.Thegirlhasbecomemore_____________________.withdrawintoherselfshecouldn’tdosimplethingslikegettingdresssedmoveherindividualfingersfeelingvaryingdegreesofpressurespecialrubberusedontheoutsideconfidentandoutgoingFindthesentencesusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense.1.Scientistshavebeenmakinggreatprogressinrobotictechnologyinrecentyears,

...2.OverthepastthreemonthsIhavebeentestingoutthelimitsofwhatIcandowithmynewhand,...3....,IhavebeencookingformyfamilyagainsinceIgotmynewhand.A Exploringtherules•Weusethepresentperfectcontinuoustensetotalkaboutanactionthatstartedinthepastandisstillcontinuingnow,oranactionthathasjustfinishedbutisstillconnectedwith(1)_______________(thepast/thepresent/thefuture)insomeway.•Theverbformofthepresentperfectcontinuoustenseis

“(2)______________________

”.thepresenthas/havebeendoingWorkingouttherulesFillintheblankswithproperandcorrectformsoftheverbs.1.Sincelastmonth,George,alongwithsomeofhisformerclassmates,_________________(desire)tohavea20-yeargatheringduringthissummerholiday.2.Thenumberofvisitors_______________(rise)steadilysincethereopening,despiteasharpdeclinecomparedtonormalyears.3.Arecentstudyhasfoundthatthenumberofsmokers__________________(increase)sharplyoverthepastfiveyears.4.We________________(try)tomakeourenvironmentmorebeautifulsincethetimehumankindstartedgardening.hasbeendesiringhasbeenrisinghasbeenincreasinghavebeentryingPractice5.TodayI_________________________(photograph)acrocodileswimmingclosetoourboat,theKimberleyQuest,allday.6.Mr.Smith________________________(overwork)thesedays.Ithinkheshouldtakeaholidaybeforeheburnsout.7.Sincearrivinginspace,theWISEtelescope___________________(circle)theEarth,heldbygravityinapolarorbit(thismeansitcrossesclosetothenorthandsouthpoleswitheachlap(一圈).8.Excuseme,Madam.Ellen,ajournalistfromtheDailyMail_______________(phone)allday.Couldyouspeaktohimnow?havebeenphotographinghasbeenoverworkinghasbeencirclinghasbeenphoningFillintheblankswithproperandcorrectformsoftheverbs.ApplyingtherulesB1Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.Applyingtherules1.I__________________(reflect)onthearticleIreadaboutancientmedicineallday.2.I_________________(wait)fortwohourstoseethedoctorbutitisstillnotmyturnyet.3.Mymother________________(write)areportonthenewtreatmentallmorning.4.Thecompany________________(make)herbalmedicinesformorethan100years.5.Scientists________________(do)researchonthediseasesinceitwasfirstdiscoveredintheearly20thcentury.havebeenreflectinghavebeenwaitinghasbeenwritinghasbeenmakinghavebeendoingApplyingtherulesB2Belowisanarticleaboutroboticlimbs.Circlethecorrectexpressionstocompleteit.

ApplyingtherulesIt(1)

isbeingestimated/hasbeenestimatedthatover30millionpeopleworldwidehavelostarmsorlegs,andmanyofthemfailtogetthehelpthattheyneed.Forsometime,they(2)arehopingfor/havebeenhopingforbetter-qualityartificial

limbs.Fortunately,oneexcitingnewadvancecouldhelpthesephysicallydisabledpeopleleadanormallifeagain:roboticlimbs.Overthelastfewyears,scientists(3)havebeendeveloping/willbedevelopingnewkindsofartificiallimbstohelppeopleovercometheirdisabilities.Boboticlimbscandomuchmorethanconventionalartificiallimbs.Someoftheearliestartificiallimbsweremadeofwoodandleather,anduntilrecently,artificiallimbs(4)haveonlyserved/haveonlybeenservingbasicfunctions.Withtheadvancementinrobotictechnology,articficiallimbscannowperformmuchmorecomplextasksandcomeclosertorealhumanlimbs.Notonlycantheymakeamuchwiderrangeofmovements,buttheycanalsobecontrolleddirectlybythebrainandfeedsensoryinformationbackintoit.ApplyingtherulesDavidJonesisoneofateamofscientistsdevotedtomakingevenbetterroboticlimbs.“We(5)havedone/havebeendoingeverythingwecantoadvancethistechnologyandwewillnottakeoutapatentonit,”saidDavid.“Hopefully,moreandmorepeopleinneedofroboticlimbswillbeequippedwiththemandenjoyahigherqualityoflife.”Page70Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbs.1.havebeenreading2.havebeenthinking/amthinking3.islearning4.havewritten5.hasbeentaking6.havebeenworking7.hasbeenraining8.Have;beenwaitingCHomeworkChecking选用括号内合适的内容完成下面短文。SincetheoutbreakoftheCOVID-19,almosteveryone1.

_____________________(hadexperienced,hasbeenexperiencing)uncertaintyandunforeseenchallenges,includingthosewhowrite,publishandsellliteratureacrossth