目的论视角下广州市景区公示语汉英翻译研究

PAGEv目的论视角下广州市景区公示语汉英翻译研究AcknowledgmentsFirstly,Iwouldliketogivemydeepgratitudetomytutor,Mr.PanGuilin.Withouthispatienceandprofoundknowledge,thisthesiswouldnotfinishassoonaspossible.Secondly,Iwouldliketogivethesincerethankstomyfriendswhoaccompaniedwithmetocollectsomeexamplesinscenicspots.Finally,thanksformyfamilysupportingmeallthetime.

AbstractGuangzhou,aninternationalmetropolis,isaculturalandtouristcitywithalonghistory,attractingavarietyofforeigntourists.ButsomeerrorsandproblemsstillexistintheC-EtranslationofpublicsignsinGuangzhouscenicspotsandneedcorrectionandimprovement.ThisthesisanalyzessomeexamplesoftheC-EtranslationofpublicsignsinGuangzhouscenicspotsundertheguidanceofSkoposTheoryandappreciatessomeexcellentexamplestodrawontheirexperience.Meanwhile,somesuggestionsareputforwardfromdifferentaspects.Keywords:SkoposTheory,publicsignsinscenicspots,theC-Etranslation摘要广州是一个开放的国际化大都市，历史文化底蕴深厚，旅游资源丰富，吸引了大批外国游客前来旅游，但广州旅游景点内的公示语翻译仍然存在一些问题，需要修正。本文在德国功能学派的目的论的指导下，对目前收集到的广州市旅游景区公示语翻译的错误例子进行分析并提出修改建议，同时对翻译质量佳的例子进行欣赏，借鉴其经验,并提出一些建议。关键词：目的论，景区公示语，汉英翻译 Contents Acknowledgments iAbstract ii摘要 iiiContents ivChapterOneIntroduction 11.1Thesignificanceandpurposeofthisthesis 11.2Thecontentofthisthesis 1ChapterTwoLiteratureReview 3ChapterThreeTheoreticalFramework 53.1TheconceptofSkopostheory 53.2ThreerulesofSkopostheory 53.3Relationshipofthethreerules 6ChapterFourDefinition,Function,TypesandLinguisticFeaturesofPublicSigns 74.1Definitionofpublicsigns 74.2Functionofpublicsigns 74.3Typesofpublicsigns 74.4Linguisticfeaturesofpublicsigns 8ChapterFiveCaseAnalysisontheC-ETranslationPublicSignsinGuangzhouScenicSpots 95.1Translationerrors 95.1.1Basiclinguisticerror 95.1.2Lexicalerror 105.2Translationproblems 135.2.1Lackofconsistency 145.2.2Redundanttranslation 175.2.3Culturalproblem 185.2.4Contextproblem 215.2.5Lackoftranslationonimportantsigns 225.2.6Layoutandiconproblem 23ChapterSixSuggestiononExistingProblems 24ChapterSevenConclusion 26Notes 27References 27PAGE28ChapterOneIntroduction1.1ThesignificanceandpurposeofthisthesisFordecades,China'stourismindustrydevelopsrapidlyandhasbeenaboomingindustry,attractingavarietyofforeignvisitorstoChina.Thepublicsignsinscenicspots,besidesintroducingscenicspotsandspreadingculture,serveasabridgetoconveyinformationaccurately,includingcatering,accommodation,tourismandentertainmenttotouristswhospeakEnglishasamothertongueorasecondlanguage.AndtheC-Etranslationqualityofthepublicsignsalsodirectlyaffectsthetravelexperienceofforeigntourists,aswellasthefirstimpressionofscenicspots.Therefore,consideringthetranslationpurposeoftouristpublicsigns,itisnecessarytoanalyzetheC-Etranslationqualityofpublicsignsinscenicspots.AsacollegestudentinGuangzhou,theauthoroncevisitedsomescenicspotsinGuangzhouandfoundthatsomeproblemsoftheC-Etranslationofpublicsignsstillexistedthere,sotheauthorwillcollectsomeexamplesoftheC-EtranslationofpublicsignsinGuangzhouscenicspots,analyzesomeerrorsandproblemofthemundertheguidanceofSkoposTheoryandputforwardsomesuggestionfromdifferentaspects.1.2ThecontentofthisthesisThisthesisisdividedintosixchapters.Thefirstchapterisabriefintroductionaboutthesignificanceandpurposeofthisthesis,aswellasthecontentofthisthesis.Thesecondchapterisliteraturereview.ThischapterwillbrieflysummarizetheresearchachievementsintheC-Etranslationofpublicsignsobtainedbyscholarsdomesticallyandoverseasandpointoutthecurrentproblemsexistinginthisfield.ThethirdchapterisanintroductionoftheconceptofSkoposTheory,thethreerulesofitandtherelationshipamongthem.Thefourthchapterwillintroducethedefinition,functions,typesandlinguisticfeaturesofpublicsigns.ThefifthchapterwillanalyzesomecasesoftheC-EtranslationofpublicsignsinGuangzhouscenicspotsfromtheperspectiveofSkoposTheory,includingtheerrors,theproblemsandthesuggestedversions.Meanwhile,someexcellentcasesoftheC-EtranslationofpublicsignsinGuangzhouscenicspotswillalsobeappreciatedinthischapter,drawingontheirmethodsandexperience.ThesixthchapterwillputforwardsomesuggestionsfromdifferentaspectsonthecurrenterrorsandproblemsontheC-EtranslationofpublicsignsinGuangzhouscenicspots.Thelastpartistheconclusionandsomelimitationsofthisthesis.ChapterTwoLiteratureReviewManyforeignscholarsandtranslatorshavealreadyobtainedsomeresearchachievementsonpublicsignsintheircountries,buttheyseldomfocusedonbilingualpublicsigns,especiallytheC-Etranslationofpublicsigns.Inthepastfewdecades,manydomesticscholarshavealsostudiedtheC-Etranslationofpublicsigns,andsomeachievementshavebeenobtainedinthisfield.In2004,Pro.LvHefaandShanLipingcompliedthefirstdictionaryabouttheC-Etranslationofpublicsigns,AChinese-EnglishDictionaryonSigns,whichprovidedareferenceforthestudyinthisfield.In2011,Pro.LvHefa,JiangLu,WangTongjunandotherscholarspublishedsomebooksontranslationofpublicsigns,AnAnalysisonProblemC-ESignsandDiscussiononC-ESignsRegulationsDevelopmentandTranslationofPublicSigns.Meanwhile,awiderangeofthesishasdiscussedtheC-Etranslationofpublicsignsintermsofmanyperspectives,includingpublicsignsinscenicspots.LocalgovernmentsalsohavepublishedsomeEnglishtranslationstandardsforpublicsigns.InJanuary,2019,GuangdongProvincialBureauofQualityandTechnicalSupervisionandForeignAffairsOfficeofGuangzhouMunicipalGovernmentjointlyissuedEnglishTranslationStandardsforPublicSignsinGuangzhou(2018)forreference.AndnumerousconferencesandforumsontheC-Etranslationofpublicsignswereheldacrossthecountryinthepastfewyears.Pro.YangxiaheldtheviewthatwiththeaccelerationofChina'surbanizationprocessandtheincreasingfrequencyofinternationalexchanges,theC-Etranslationofpublicsigns,asanimagewindowforexternalpublicityandcommunication,hasreceivedincreasingattentionfromallwalksoflife.AlthoughdomesticscholarsareinfullswingontheC-Etranslationofpublicsigns,duetovariousreasons,therearestillsomeproblemsonit.[[]杨霞.国内公示语英译研究十年综述[J].海外英语,2019(06):57-58.][]杨霞.国内公示语英译研究十年综述[J].海外英语,2019(06):57-58.However,therearenotsomuchstudyrelatedtopublicsignsinGuangzhouscenicspots.Whensearchinginthewiththekeywordsof“theC-EtranslationofpublicsignsinGuangzhouscenicspots”,thereareabout10relatedarticles.WiththeaccelerationofinternationalizationinGuangzhou,mostpublicsignsinGuangzhouscenicspotsarebilingualtranslation,inordertofacilitateforeignvisitors.YetsomeerrorsandproblemsstillexistinthesebilingualtranslationsofpublicsignsinGuangzhouscenicspotsandneedcorrectionandimprovement.Itwillaffecttheimageandexternalserviceofthiscity,anditshouldbetakenseriously.ChapterThreeTheoreticalFrameworkWeallknowthatdetailedanalysisrequirestheoricalframeworktosupport.Inthischapter,theconceptofSkopostheory,threerulesofitandtherelationshipamongthemwillbeintroduced.3.1TheconceptofSkopostheorySkopostheoryOrigintimeOriginatedin1970sPresenterHansVermeer,aGermanlinguistandtranslatorscholarCore“Skopos”,aGreekword,whichmeans“purpose”or“aim”MainideaThepurpose(skopos)oftranslationdeterminesthetranslationprocessHansVermeerheldthefollowingtwoviews.Thefirstonewasthattheessenceoftranslationisapurposefulhumanactivitybasedontheoriginaltext.Thesecondonewasthatoneofthemostcriticalfactorsdeterminingthepurposeofatranslationliesintherecipientofthetargettext,withtheirownspecificculturalknowledgeandcommunicationneeds.Thus,translatorsarerequiredtoadoptedvariousstrategiesandmethodstoperformselectivetranslationaccordingtothepurposeoftranslationandtherecipientofthetargettext.3.2ThreerulesofSkopostheoryTheSkopostheoryincludesthreerules:theskoposrule,thecoherenceruleandthefidelityrule.Thefirstoneistheskoposrule.Thefundamentalprincipleisthatthetranslationprocessdependsonthepurposeofalltranslationactivities.Althoughtherearemanypurposesinthetranslationactivitiestoachieve,translatorscandecidewhichstrategiesandmethodstoemployinthisactivityaccordingtotheparticularpurpose.Thesecondoneisthecoherencerule(alsocallintratextualcoherence).Itmeansthatthetargettextmustbetranslatedinasemanticallycoherentway,consideringthereceiver'sbackgroundknowledgeandactualsituation.Thatistosay,thetranslationshouldbereadableandmeaningfulinthecultureoftargettextandthecommunicativecontext.Thethirdoneisthefidelityrule(alsocallintertextualcoherence).Betweenthesourcetextandthetargettext,acertaincorrespondenceisneeded,butitdoesn’tmeantobeaverbatimtranslation.Nordpointedoutthat“intertextualcoherenceshouldexistbetweensourceandtargettext,whiletheformittakesdependsbothonthetranslator’sinterpretationofthesourcetextandonthetranslationSkopos”.[[][]Christiane,N.TranslationasaPurposefulActivity—FunctionalistApproachesExplained[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2001:32.3.3RelationshipofthethreerulesTherelationshipofthethreerulesoftheSkopostheorywaspointedoutbyChristianeNord[[]Christiane,N.TranslationasaPurposefulActivity—FunctionalistApproachesExplained[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2001:32,33.]asfollow[]Christiane,N.TranslationasaPurposefulActivity—FunctionalistApproachesExplained[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2001:32,33.SincetherecipientoftheC-Etranslationofpublicsignsinscenicspotsisforeigntouristsandthepurposeistoconveyinformationandprovideconvenienceforthem,thiskindofC-Etranslationisaverypurposefulactivity.Asmentionedabove,theskoposruleistheprimaryrulefollowedbyalltranslationactivitiesandthetranslationbehaviordependsonthepurposeoftranslation,soithasgreatpracticesignificancetoguidetheC-EtranslationofpublicsignsinscenicspotsusingtheSkopostheory.ChapterFourDefinition,Function,TypesandLinguisticFeaturesofPublicSignsPublicsigns,oneofthemostcommonpracticallanguageinpublicplaces,playsanimportantroleandprovidessomeconvenienceforpeople'sdailylives.Thischapterwillintroducethedefinition,function,typesandlinguisticfeaturesofpublicsignsinturn.4.1DefinitionofpublicsignsOverthepastfewyears,publicsigns,oftenreferredtoas“signs”,hasbeendefinedbymanyscholarsindifferentways.Prof.HuoYalingviewedapublicsignasasigncontainingwordsand/ordrawings,postedinapublicplace,whichservesthepurposeofconveyingcertaininformation.[[][]霍亚领.StudyontheC-ETranslationofScenicSignsofSanyaFromthePerspectiveofSkoposTheory[D].中南大学，2012:12.4.2FunctionofpublicsignsAccordingtoProf.LvHefainhisbookAnAnalysisonProblemC-ESignsandDiscussiononC-ESignsRegulationsDevelopmentandTranslationofPublicSigns,publicsignsgenerallyhavethefollowingfivefunctions:Prohibition:prohibitingpeoplefromdoingsomething.Warning:remindingpeopletobewareofpossibledangers.Instruction:instructingpeopletodosomething.Restriction:limitingpeople’sbehavior.Prompt:providingpeoplewithsomekindofinformation,suchassomeplacesortheirdirections.[[][]吕和发，蒋璐，王同军等.公示语汉英翻译错误分析与规范[M].北京:国防工业大学出版社，2011:24.4.3TypesofpublicsignsPublicsignsareusedwidelyandhavedifferentclassificationswithvariousways.Generally,theycanbeclassifiedintothefollowingtypesaccordingtoitsapplication:generaluse,transportation,tourism,cultureandentertainment,sports,education,healthandmedicine,postandaccommodationandcatering,commerceandfinance,etc.[[][]教育部语言文字信息管理司.公共服务领域英文译写指南[M]北京:外语教学与研究出版社，2016.4.4LinguisticfeaturesofpublicsignsPublicsigns,asapracticalstylewithspecialsocialpragmaticfunctions,areintendedtobeconciseandaccurate.Inordertobeconciseandaccurate,publicsignsfeatureaslewofverbs,nouns,gerunds,phrases,abbreviations,etc.,whichcandirectlyindicatethespecificinformation.Andmostofthemusepresenttenseorimperativesentence.Besides,thecombinationoftextandiconwillgiveamorestrikingeffectfortourists.Combinedwiththeselinguisticfeatures,thetranslationofpublicsignsshouldbeinaconcisewayandeasilybeunderstoodforforeignvisitors.ChapterFiveCaseAnalysisontheC-ETranslationPublicSignsinGuangzhouScenicSpotsGuangzhou,aninternationalmetropolis,hasbeenfavoredbyavarietyofforeigntouristsforitshistoricalandculturalattractions.Thepublicsignsinscenicspotsfeatureinspreadinglocalcultureandprovidingimportantinformationforforeignvisitors.YetsomeerrorsandproblemsstillexistintheC-EtranslationofpublicsignsinGuangzhouscenicspots.ItmayaffectGuangzhou'sexternalserviceandinternationalimage.Inthischapter,somecollectedexamplesoftheerrorsandproblemswillbeanalyzedandsomesuggestedversionwillbegivenfromtheperspectiveofSkopostheory.Besides,someofgoodcaseswillbeappreciated.DuetotherearemanyattractionsinGuangzhou,theC-Etranslationofpublicsignsinseveralrepresentativescenicspotswillbeselectedtoanalyzeandsummarize,suchastheArchaeologicalSiteMuseumofNanyuePalace,YuexiuPark,ChenClanAncestralHall,YuntaiGarden,theparkofLiwanLake,WhampoaMilitaryAcademy.5.1TranslationerrorsInthispart,twokindoftranslationerrorswillbeanalyzed,includingthebasiclinguisticerrorandlexicalerror.5.1.1BasiclinguisticerrorThebasiclinguisticerrorincludeswordmisspelling,lettercaseerrorandpunctuationerror.TheseerrorsviolatethefidelityruleofSkopostheory.Thefidelityrulemeansthatwhentranslating,thetargettexttriestobefaithfultothesourcetext.Thebasiclinguisticerrormayconveyinaccurateinformationforforeignvisitors.ThiskindofspellingmistakesstillexistsinpublicsignsofsomeGuangzhouscenicspots,hereIdon’tlistthemonebyone,justlistsomeexamples.Example1：Sourcetext:禁止在园内放风筝、踢球、打鸟捕猎及赌博;Targettext:Donotflykitse,Playfootball,huntorgambleinthepark.(CollectedfromtheparkofLiwanLake)Inthissign,“放风筝”shouldbetranslatedasflykites,“kitse”shouldbecorrectedas“kite”,andtheletter“p”inthisphrase“playfootball”don’tneedcapitalization.Itisanobviousmistakeinthetranslation,probablycausedbythetranslatororthepublicsignproducerfortheircarelessness.Suggestedversion:Donotflykites,playfootball,huntandgambleinthepark.Example2:Sourcetext:禁止残疾人机动车Targettext:Nodisabledmotorvehlcing(CollectedfromtheparkofLiwanLake)Inthistranslation,theword“vehlcing”isobviouslymisspelling.Itshouldbecorrectedas“vehicle”.Andthevehicleisanoun,itisimpropertobespelledastheformofn.+ing.Suggestedversion:Nodisabledmotorvehicles.5.1.2LexicalerrorLexicalerrormeanstherearesomeimproperwordusedinasentence,whichmaycausemisunderstandingandconfusion.ItalsoviolatesthefidelityruleofSkopostheory.Ifthetranslationdoesn’ttrytobefaithfultothesourcetext,itmayleadtosomemisunderstandingforforeignvisitors.Herearetheexamples:Example3:Sourcetext:小孩必须在家长陪同下游园，要看护好小孩，注意安全;Targettext:Childrenmustbecompaniedbyadults.Pleasetakecareofthechildren.(CollectedfromtheparkofLiwanLake)Inthistargettext,thephrase“becompaniedby”isanunappropriatedusage.Itissuggestedtocorrectas“beaccompaniedby”.Suggestedversion:Childrenmustbeaccompaniedbyadults.Example4:Sourcetext:Targettext:游艇项目Programme二至四人脚踏船Twotofourfootpedal五人脚踏船Fivepeddler六人脚踏船Sixpedalboat(CollectedfromBoatRentalofYuexiuPark)ThissigniscollectedfromtheBoatRentalofYuexiuParktointroducetheitemofpedalboat.Inthistranslation,somelexicalerrorsexist.Firstly,theword“Programme”meansplanorsomethingbroadcastingonTVorradio.Fortheitemofpedalboat,thiswordisnotappropriatetodescribeitanditissuggestedtocorrectas“item”.Thirdly,theword“peddler”meansapersonwalkedfromplacetoplacetosellsmallthings.Obviously,itwillmakeforeigntouristconfused.Itcanbecorrectedas“pedalboat”.Secondly,thesourcetextintroducesthedifferenttypesofpedalboatwhichcanaccommodatedifferentnumbersofperson.Thephrase“Twotofourfootpedal”isnotacommonusageandithasalittleword-to-wordtranslation.Thephrase“Sixpedalboat”don’texpressthemeaningthatthiskindofpedalboatcanaccommodatesixpersons.Suggestedversion:Sourcetext:Targettext:游艇项目Items二至四人脚踏船Twotofour-personpedalboat五人脚踏船Five-personpedalboat六人脚踏船Six-personpedalboatExample5:Sourcetext:爱护花草请勿摘踩Targettext:Loveflowers,donotpickon(CollectedfromtheparkofLiwanLake)Firstly,thisexampleisaChinglish,acompleteword-to-wordtranslation.Then,“pickon”,accordingtodictionary,hastwodefinitions:oneistoblamecriticizesomeoneinanunfairway,anotheristochoosesomeoneorsomething.Thissourcetextexpressesthatvisitorsshouldprotectorshowrespectfortheflowersandgrassanddon’tpicktheflowersandstepthegrass.Thephrase“pickon”isn’tanappropriateusageinthistranslation.Suggestedversion:Donotpicktheflowers.Example6:Sourcetext:水深危险请勿靠近Targettext:Hightidehazard,pleasestayaway(CollectedfromtheparkofLiwanLake)Inthissign,“hightide”,accordingtoLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish,meansthepointortimeatwhichtheseareachesitshighestlevel.[[]朗文当代英语辞典（第4版）[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社，2004:767.]ThispublicsignissetnexttothepoolintheLiYuanGardenandmeansthatthewaterinthispoolisalittledeepandpleasestayawayfromit.AccordingtoLongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish,theword“hazard”hastwopartsofspeech,oneisanoun,whichmeanssomethingthatmaybedangerous,orcauseaccidentsorproblemsorariskthatcannotbeavoided.Anotherisaverb,whichmeanstosaysomethingthatisonlyasuggestionorguessandthatmightnotbecorrectortorisklosingyourmoney,propertyetc.inanattempttogainsomething.[[][]朗文当代英语辞典（第4版）[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社，2004:767.[]朗文当代英语辞典（第4版）[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社，2004:747.Suggestedversion:Caution!Deepwater.5.2TranslationproblemsInadditiontolinguisticerrorsandlexicalerrorsdescribedabove,someproblemsstillexistintheC-EtranslationofpublicsignsinGuangzhouscenicspots,suchaslackofconsistency,redundanttranslation,culturalproblem,contextproblem,lackoftranslationonimportantsignsandlayoutandiconproblem.Asmentionedinchapterthree,themainideaoftheSkopostheoryisthatthepurpose(skopos)oftranslationdeterminesthetranslationprocess.Thus,theC-Etranslationofpublicsignsinscenicspotsshouldconsiderthereaderoftargettext——theforeignvisitors,showingthemareadableandacceptabletranslation.Ontheonehand,Guangzhouisaninternationalmetropoliswithitsuniqueculturalandtouristattraction,whichshouldbebetterpresentedtoforeigntourists.Ontheotherhand,Guangzhoushouldpresentagoodlevelofforeignlanguageservicesinthefieldofpublicservicesandenhancetheimageofthecity.Inthispart,sometranslationproblemsintheC-EtranslationofpublicsignsinGuangzhouscenicspotswillbeanalyzedandsomesuggestedversionswillbegiven.5.2.1LackofconsistencyThelackofconsistencyintheC-EtranslationofpublicsignsisasignificantprobleminGuangzhouscenicspotscurrently.Itisindicatedintwoaspects:oneisthatinthesamescenicspot,thetranslationoftheoneattractionindifferentplaceshasdifferentversions.Anotheristhatsomepublicsigns,whichconveythesamemeaning,hasdifferenttranslationversions.TheinconsistentproblemviolatestheskoposruleofSkopostheoryandmaycauseconfusionforforeignvisitors,especiallythelocationofattraction.ItisnotdifficulttofindthisinconsistentprobleminGuangzhouscenicspots.Herearetheexamples:Example7:Sourcetext:黄埔军校Targettext:HuangpuMilitaryAcademy/WhampoaMilitaryAcademy(CollectedfromWhampoaMilitaryAcademy)Inthistranslation,HuangpuisadoptedfromChinesecharactertransliterationandWhampoaisadoptedfromCantonesetransliteration.Bothversionsarealsocorrect,butinthesamescenicspot,itisrecommendedtouseaconsistentversion.AccordingtoEnglishTranslationStandardsforPublicSignsinGuangzhou(2018)publishedbyForeignAffairsOfficeofGuangzhouMunicipalGovernment,ifthesourcetexthasbeenconventional,thetranslationcanfollowtheprincipleof“complyingwiththeoriginalformsofexpression”.[[][]广州市公共标识英文译法规范（2018版）[S].广州：广州市人民政府外事办公室，2018:3.Suggestedversion:WhampoaMilitaryAcademyExample8:Sourcetext:小画舫斋Targettext:TheminiPaintedBoatStudy/XiaohuafangStudy/SmallPaintedBoatHouseGarden/thesmallroomoftheGaily-paintedBoot(CollectedfromtheparkofLiwanLake)TheXiaohuafangStudyintheparkofLiwanLakehasfourtranslationversionsindifferentsigns.FromtheintroductionoftheformersiteofXiaohuafangStudy,thisChinesenamewasoriginatedfromtheinsidehalllikeaboat.TheChinesecharacter“小画舫”meansminigaily-paintedpleasure-boat.Theconsistenttranslationversionissuggestedinthesamescenicspottoavoidconfusiontoforeigntourists.ThesuggestedversionXiaohuafangStudycombinestransliterationanduniversalnoun.Suggestedversion:XiaohuafangStudyAnotherexamplelikethisalsoexistinYuntaiGarden.Example9:Sourcetext:滟湖Targettext:BeautyLake/YanhuLakeSourcetext:飞瀑流彩Targettext:DancingCascade/FlyingWaterfallSourcetext:醉华苑Targettext:TreasuryCourtyard/ZuihuayuanCourtyard(CollectedfromYuntaiGarden)Infact,bothtwoversionsarecorrectforadoptingdifferenttranslationmethod,buttheyappearindifferentplaces.Thetranslation“BeautyLake,DancingCascade,TreasuryCourtyard”appearsinthetravelguideofYuntaiGarden,however,thetranslation“YanhuLake,FlyingWaterfall,ZuihuayuanCourtyard”appearsintheroaddirectionsignsofYuntaiGarden.Itwillleadtosomeconfusionforforeignvisitorsfortheinconsistentversionoftheattraction’slocation.Suggestedversion:oneofthemcanbeselected,butitisrecommendedtousetheconsistenttranslation.Inadditiontothedifferenttranslationversionofspots’name,thesamemeaningofpublicsignshasdifferenttranslationversions.Example10:Sourcetext:水深危险注意安全/河涌危险注意安全珍惜生命Targettext:Deepwater.Caution!Sourcetext:水深危险注意安全Targettext:DangerouswaternoswimmingSourcetext:水深危险请勿靠近Targettext:Hightidehazard,pleasestayaway(CollectedfromtheparkofLiwanLake)Thesepublicsignsallexpressthesamemeaningthatremindvisitorsofthedeepwater,whichmaycausesomedangerandtheyshouldpayattentiontotheirsafety.TheyareallCollectedfromtheparkofLiwanLake,buttheyhavethreetranslationversions.Inthesamescenicspot,itisrecommendedtoadoptingtheconsistenttranslationofthesamepublicsigns.Publicsignsfeatureinconciseness,sotheycanbesuggestedtotranslateas“Caution!Deepwater”.Suggestedversion:Caution!Deepwater.5.2.2RedundanttranslationInthispart,redundanttranslationmeansthetargettextisn’tconciseenough.Generally,thepublicsignsaresetinasmallboard,thecontentofthemareconciseandeasytounderstand.Redundantproblemsviolatethecoherencerule.Whentranslating,inordertobeconciseandclear,itisrecommendedthatkeyinformationbehighlightedandextracted.Example11:Sourcetext:注意安全禁止攀爬Targettext:PayattentiontosafetyProhibitedtoclimb(CollectedfromtheparkofLiwanLake)Thissignissetnexttoatreeandremindthevisitorsthatdon’tclimbthetreeincaseofaccidents.Butthetranslationofthissignisalittlewordyandneedtobeconciseinordertoconveythekeyinformation.Suggestedversion:Noclimbing.Example12:Sourcetext:文明游园请勿攀爬/文明游园请勿翻越Targettext:Becivilized.Noclimbing./Behavecivilized.Nocrossing.(CollectedfromYuexiuPark)Thesourcetextmeansthatvisitorsmustpaymoreattentiontotheirbehaviorsanddon’tclimborcrosstheguardrailtoavoidaccidents.Becauseofthefeatureofpublicsigns,thispublicsigncanbesuggestedtotranslatedas“No+v.ing”.Suggestedversion:Noclimbing./Nocrossing.Example13:Sourcetext:公共厕所Targettext:PublicToilet(CollectedfromtheparkofLiwanLake)Toiletsinscenicspotsareopentoalltourists,sothetranslation“publictoilet”seemstobealittleredundant.Therearesomeversionsaboutit,suchas“restroom”,“WC”andsoon.Generally,adoptingcommonusagesisacceptable.Suggestedversion:Toilet5.2.3CulturalproblemTheculturalproblemoftenexistsinallkindsoftranslationofpublicsigns.OneofthereasonsisthatthereisagreatdifferenceinChineseandEnglishsyntacticstructure,thatis,ChinesefeaturesparataxisandEnglishfeatureshypotaxis.Chineseisacomprehensiveintuitivelanguage,andthesyntacticfunctionisimplied.Englishisalanguagedominatedbylogicandconnectedbyconjunction.[[]叶春玲.目的论视阈下的旅游公示语翻译研究[D].湖南农业大学，2012:18.]Becauseofthesekindsofdifference,theC-Etranslationcan’tbeword-to-wordtranslationorsentence-to-sentencetranslation,whichmaycausethetranslationnotsmooth.ItviolatesthefidelityruleofSkopostheory,whichrequirestargettexttobeasfaithfulaspossible,butitisunnecessarytocompletelycorrespondwiththesourcetext.[]叶春玲.目的论视阈下的旅游公示语翻译研究[D].湖南农业大学，2012:18.Example14:Sourcetext:足下留情脚下留青Targettext:InyourmercyatthefootoftheGreenleftSourcetext:青青绿草请您爱惜Targettext:Greengrass,pleasecherish(CollectedfromtheparkofLiwanLake)ThetwosourcetextsinChineseareinagood