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考研外语预测试卷8
一、UseofEnglish
1、TheCaliforniancoastlinenorthandsouthofSilicon
Valleyisatrend-settingsortofplace.Increasingly,thehome
interiorsofthewell-heeledtheretendtowardoneoftwo
(1).Housesare(2)lightflooded,sparseandvaguely
Asianin(3),withperhapsaZenfountaininonecorner,
aYogaareainanother.Ortheyresembleelectroniccontrol
roomswithallsortsof(4),computers,routers,antennae,
screensandremotecontrols.Occasionally,bothelementsare
(5)."She"mayhavethelivingroomandpublicareas,
(6)'he"isbanishedwithhistoysupordownthestairs.
Currently,thegadgetlovershavepowerfulallies.Manyofthe
largestcompaniesintheconsumer-electronics,computer,
telecomsandinternetindustrieshavemadeastrategicdecision
to(7)visionsofa"digitalhome","eHome",or''connected
home”.Doubtingthat(8)fromcorporatecustomerswill
ever(9)totheboomlevelsofthelate1990s,Microsoft,
Intel,Sony,Verizon,Comcast,Hewlett-Packard,Appleand
othersseetheconsumer(10)theirbestchanceforgrowth
andwillbethrowingabewildering(11)ofhome
“solutions"at(12)inthecomingmonthsandyears.
Tounderstandwhatthe(13)ultimatelyhavein(14)
itisbesttovisitthe(15)homesthatmosthavebuilt
ontheircampusesorattradeshows.(16)cosyandoften
intimidating,thesefeatureflatscreensalmosteverywhere,
(17)electronicpictureframesinthebedroomfromthe
largeTV-substituteinthelivingroom.Every(18)hasa
microchipandcanbe(19)to,typedintoorclickedonto.
Everythingis(20)toacentralcomputerthroughwireless
links.
A.extremes
B.spheres
C.hazards
D.loopholes
2、(2)
A.nor
B.either
C.also
D.neither
3、(3)
A.quest
B.exhaustiveness
C.character
D.chaos
4、(4)
A.equipment
B.devices
C.facilities
D.gadgets
5、(5)
A.detrimental
B.imaginative
C.present
D.illusive
6、(6)
A.though
B.while
C.because
D.asif
7、⑺
A.laud
B.quench
C.dampen
3
D.hawk
8、(8)
A.complaint
B.feedback
C.demand
D.censorship
9、(9)
A.recover
B.foster
C.cement
D.formulate
10、(10)
A.beneath
B.against
C.throughout
D.as
Ik(11)
A.array
B.lookout
C.ideology
D.conversion
12、(12)
4
A.theirs
B.them
C.his
D.him
13、(13)
A.retailers
B.vendors
C.conspirator
D.designers
14、(14)
A.notion
B.concept
C.illusion
D.mind
15、(15)
A.farraginous
B.inviting
C.mock
D.notorious
16、(16)
A.Ultimately
B.Typically
5
C.Fortunately
D.Rarely
17、(17)
A.by
B.to
C.within
D.suchas
18、(18)
A.object
B.obligation
C.objection
D.obstruction
19、(19)
A.told
B.said
C.talked
D.claimed
20、(20)
A.connected
B.designated
C.derived
D.input
6
二、ReadingComprehension
1、PartA
Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions
beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)
JohnBattelleisSiliconValley'sBobWoodward.Oneofthe
foundersofWiredmagazine,hehashungaroundGoogleforso
longthathehascometobeascloseasanyoutsidercanto
actuallybeinganinsider.Certainly,Google,sfounders,
SergeyBrinandLarryPage,anditschiefexecutive,Eric
Schmidt,believethatitissafertotalktoMr.Battellethan
nottodoso.
TheresultisahighlyreadableaccountofGoogle'sastonishing
rise一thesteepestincorporatehistory—fromitsoriginsin
StanfordUniversitytoitscontroversialstockmarketdebutand
itscurrentstruggletobecomeagrownupcompanywhilestaying
truetoitsyouthfullybrashmotto,"Don'tbeevil"Mr.Battelle
makesthereaderwarmtoGoogle,srulingtriumvirate—their
clevernessandtheirgoodintentions一andfearfortheirfuture
astheytakeontheworld.
Googleisoneofthemostinterestingcompaniesaroundatthe
moment.IthasadecentshotatdisplacingMicrosoftasthenext
greatnear-monopolyoftheinformationage.Itsambition一to
organisealltheworld'sinformation,notjusttheinformation
ontheworldwideweb——isepic,anditscommercialpoweris
frightening.Beyondthis,Googleisinterestingforthesame
reasonthatsecretivedictatorshipsandHolly3voodcelebrities
areinteresting一forbeingopaque,colourfuland,simply,
itself.
ThebookdisappointsonlywhenMr.Battellebeginstryingto
explainthewiderrelevanceofinternetsearchanditspossible
futuredevelopment.Thereisalottosayonthissubject,but
Mr.Battelleishurriedandoverlychatty,producinglaundry-
listsofgeekyconceptswithoutreallyhavingthoughtanyof
themthroughproperly.Thisisnotafatalflaw.Readonlythe
middlechapters,andyouhaveagreatbook.
Thephrase"warmto"inthelastsentenceofthesecond
paragraphmostprobablymeans.
A.becomeevaporatedthrough
B.befedupwith
C.beheatedto
D.becomemoreinterestedin
2、
Googleiseye-catchingduetoits.
A.distinctiveness
B.infiniteness
C.selfishness
D.aggressiveness
3、
TheworkbyJohnBattellewouldbeperfectedifappropriate
considerationisgivento.
A.therelationshipbetweeninternetresearchandits
potentialfuturedevelopment
B.secretivedictatorshipsandHollywoodcelebritiesunder
control
C.thedisappointmentsinGoogleanditsrivalsinrespects
togeekyconcepts
D.companies'interestsinGoogleatthemomentwhenthe
world,seconomyisbooming
4、
Accordingtothetext,theauthor,sattitudetowardMr.
Battelle'sworkis.
A.strongdisapproval
B.totaldenial
C.qualifiedconsent
D.enthusiasticsupport
5、
Thetextseemstobe.
A.ascientificpaper
B.abookreview
C.agraduationdissertation
D.anacademiccriticism
6、"I'matotalgeekallaround,“saysAngelaB.Yron,a
27-year-oldcomputerprlogrammerwhohasjustgraduatedfrom
NovaScotiaCommunityCollege.Andyet,likemanyother
students,she"neverhadtheconfidence"toapproachanyofthe
variousopen-sourcesoftwarecommunitiesonthe
internet一distributedteamsofvolunteerswhocollaborateto
buildsoftwarethatisthenmadefreelyavailable.Butthanks
toGoogle,theworld'smostpopularsearchengineandoneof
thebiggestproponentsofopen-sourcesoftware,MsByronspent
thesummercontributingcodetoDrupal,anopen-sourceproject
thatautomatesthemanagementofwebsites."It'sawesome,“she
says.
MsByronisoneof419students(outof8,744whoapplied)who
wereacceptedforGoogle's"summerofcode”.Whileitsounds
likeahyper-nerdysummercamp,thestudentsneitherwentto
Google'scampusinMountainView,California,nortowherever
theirmentorsatthe41participatingopen-sourceprojects
happenedtobelocated.Instead,Googleactedasamatchmaker
andsponsor.Eachoftheparticipatingopen-sourceprojects
received$500foreverystudentittookon;andeachstudent
received$4,500($500rightaway,and$4,000oncompletionof
theirwork).Oh,andaT-shirt.
AllofthisistheideaofChrisDiBona,Google'sopen-source
boss,whowasbrainstormingwithLarryPageandSergeyBrin,
Google'sfounders,lastyear.Theyrealisedthatalotof
programmingtalentgoestowasteeverysummerbecausestudents
takesummerjobsflippingburgerstomakemoney,andlettheir
codingskillsdegrade."Wewanttomakeitbetterforstudents
inthesummer,“saysMr.DiBona,addingthatitalsohelpsthe
opensourcecommunityandthus,indirectly,Google,whichuses
lotsofopensourcesoftwarebehindthescenes.Plus,saysMr.
DiBona,“itdoesbecomeanopportunityforrecruiting.,z
ElliotCohen,astudentatBerkeley,spenthissummerwriting
a“Bayesiannetworktoolbox“forPython,anopen-source
programminglanguage.TmaprettybigfanofGoogle,“hesays.
HehasaninterviewscheduledwithMicrosoft,but"Googleis
theonlybigcompanythatIwouldworkat,“hesays.Andifthat
doesn'tworkout,henowknowspeopleintheopen-source
community,“andit'salotlessintimidating.,z
Ms.Byron,scommentonherownsummerexperimentis
A.negative
B.biased
C.puzzling
D.enthusiastic
7、
Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthatthe
participantsofGoogle's"summerofcode"have.
A.beenselected
B.beeneducated
C.beenblamed
D.beenenlightened
8、
Theworkoftheparticipatingopen-sourceprojectsconducted
bystudents,accordingtothetext,is.
A.incoherent
B.rewarded
C.incessant
D.gratuitous
9、
TheideaofChrisDiBona,accordingtothetext,isenriched
A.Tshirtsales
B.open-source
C.programmers'talent
D.others,wisdom
10、
ElliotCohenismentionedinthetextsoasto.
A.illustratetheindirecteffectof“summerofcode"on
Google'srecruitment
B.indicatetheacademiclevelofBerkeley,USA
C.clarifyElliotCohen'ssummerexperienceinwriting
networktoolbox
D.layemphasisonthefactthatuniversitystudentsarebig
fansofGoogle
11、Soonafterhisappointmentassecretary-generalofthe
UnitedNationsin1997,KofiAnnanlamentedthathewasbeing
accusedoffailingtoreform,theworldbodyinsixweeks."But
whatareyoucomplainingabout?”askedtheRussianambassador:
“You'vehadmoretimethanGod."Ah,Mr.Annanquippedback,
“butGodhadonebigadvantage.Heworkedalonewithouta
GeneralAssembly,aSecurityCounciland[all]thecommittees.,z
RecountingthatanecdotetojournalistsinNewYorkthisweek,
Mr.AnnansoughttoexplainwhyadraftdeclarationonUNreform.
andtacklingworldpoverty,duetobeendorsedbysome150heads
ofstateandgovernmentataworldsummitinthecityon
September14thl6th,hadturnedintosuchapaleshadowofthe
proposalsthathehimselfhadputforwardinMarch."With191
memberstates”,hesighed,"it'snoteasytogetanagreement.
MostcountriesputtheblameontheUnitedStates,intheform,
ofitsabrasivenewambassador,JohnBolton,forinsistingat
theendofAugustonhundredsoflastminuteamendmentsanda
line-by-linerenegotiationofatextmostothershadthought
wasalmostsettled.Butagroupofmiddle-incomedeveloping
nations,includingPakistan,Cuba,Iran,Egypt,Syriaand
Venezuela,alsocameupwithplentyoflast-minutechangesof
theirown.Theriskofhavingnodocumentatall,andthus
nothingfortheworld'sleaderstocometoNewYorkfor,was
avertedonlybymarathonall-nightandall-weekendtalks.
The35finaldocumentisnotwhollydevoidofsubstance.
ItcallsforthecreationofaPeacebuildingCommissionto
supervisethereconstructionofcountriesafterwars;the
replacementofthediscreditedUNCommissiononHumanRights
byasupposedlytougherHumanRightsCouncil;therecognition
ofanew''responsibilitytoprotect"peoplesfromgenocideand
otheratrocitieswhennationalauthoritiesfailtotakeaction,
including,ifnecessary,byforce;andan“early“reform,of
theSecurityCouncil.Althoughmuchpareddown,allthese
proposalshaveatleastsurvived.
Othershavenot.Eithertheyprovedsocontentiousthatthey
wereomittedaltogether,suchasthesectionsondisarmament
andnon-pro1iferationandtheInternationalCriminalCourt,or
theywerewatereddowntolittlemorethanemptyplatitudes.
Theimportantsectiononcollectivesecurityandtheuseof
forcenolongerevenmentionsthevexedissueofpre-emptive
strikes;meanwhilethesectiononterrorismcondemnsit"inall
itsformsandmanifestations,committedbywhomever,wherever
andforwhateverpurposes”,butfailstoprovidetheclear
definitiontheAmericanswanted.
BothMr.Annanand,moresurprisingly,GeorgeBushhave
neverthelesssoughttoputagoodfaceonthings,withMr.Annan
describingthesummitdocumentas"animportantstepforward”
andMr.BushsayingtheUNhadtaken"thefirststeps"towards
reform.Mr.AnnanandMr.Boltonaredeterminedtogoalot
further.ItisnowuptotheGeneralAssemblytofleshoutthe
document'sskeletonproposalsandproposenewones.Butits
chancesofsuccessappearslim.
Whohaverecentlylistenedtothestoryinthefirstparagraph
ofthetext?
A.Ambassadors.
B.UNofficials.
C.Theworld'sleaders.
D.Reporters.
12、
Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat.
A.ittookmuchtimetohaveaUNdocument
B.itwasapieceofcaketoreachanagreementwith
approximately200memberstates
C.fewnationswereresentedatAmericandiplomatic
activities
D.onlydevelopingcountriescameupwithlast-minutechanges
13、
Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheUNfinaldocumentis.
A.biased
B.indifferent
C.skeptical
D.impartial
14、
Accordingtothetext,emptyplatitudesmightbefoundinthe
sectionon.
A.PeacebuildingCommission
B.UNCommissiononHumanRights
C.terrorism
D.theSecurityCouncil
15、
Accordingtothelastparagraph,theGeneralAssembly.
A.isdeletingthedocument'sskeletonproposals
B.isdeterminedtogofurthertowarddisarmament
C.isattemptingtoputforwardnewproposals
D.isunlikelytoworkoutrelevantdetailsandadvancenovel
proposals
16、Theterm,'disruptivetechnology“ispopular,butiswidely
misused.Itrefersnotsimplytoaclevernewtechnology,hut
toonethatunderminesanexistingtechnology一andwhich
thereforemakeslifeverydifficultforthemanybusinesses
whichdependontheexistingwayofdoingthings.Twentyyears
ago,thepersonalcomputerwasaclassicexample.Itsweptaside
anoldermainframe-basedstyle,ofcomputing,andeventually
broughtIBM,oneoftheworld'smightiestfirmsatthetime,
toitsknees.Thisweekhasbeenacoming-outpartyofsorts
foranotherdisruptivetechnology,voiceoverinternet
protocol”(VOIP),whichpromisestobeevenmoredisruptive,
andofevengreaterbenefittoconsumers,thanpersonal
computers.
VOIP'sleadingproponentisSkype,asmallfirmwhosesoftware
allowspeopletomakefreecallstootherSkypeusersoverthe
internet,andverycheapcallstotraditionaltelephones一all
ofwhichspellstroubleforincumbenttelecomsoperators.On
September12th,eBay,theleadingonlineauctionhouse,
announcedthatitwasbuyingSkypefor$2.6billion,plusan
additional$1.5billionifSkypehitscertainperformance
targetsincomingyears.
Thisseemsavastsumtopayforacompanythathasonly$60m
inrevenuesandhasyettoturnaprofit.YeteBaywasnotthe
onlycompanyinterestedinbuyingSkype.Microsoft,Yahoo!,
NewsCorporationandGooglewereallsaidtohavealso
consideredtheidea.PerhapseBay,ratherlikesome
over-excitedbidderinoneofitsownauctions,haspaidtoo
much.ThecompanysaysitplanstouseSkype'stechnologyto
makeiteasierforbuyersandsellerstocommunicate,andto
offernew“clicktocall“advertisements,butmanyanalystsare
scepticalthateBayisthebestownerofSkype.Whateverthe
meritsofthedeal,however,thefussoverSkypeinrecentweeks
hashighlightedthesignificanceofVOIP,andtheenormous
threatitposestoincumbenttelecomsoperators.
FortheriseofSkypeandotherVOIPservicesmeansnothingless
thanthedeathofthetraditionaltelephonebusiness,
establishedoveracenturyago.Skypeismerelythemostvisible
manifestationofadramaticshiftinthetelecomsindustry,as
voiceGallingbecomesjustanotherdataservicedeliveredvia
high-speedinternetconnections.Skype,whichhasover54m
users,hasreceivedthemostattention,butotherfirmsrouting
callspartiallyorentirelyovertheinternethavealsosigned
upmillionsofcustomers.
Atthebeginningofthetext,theauthor.
A.statesthepopularityoftheterm
B.indicatesaclevernewtechnology
C.underminesanexistingtechnology
D.correctsamisconception
17、
Thephrase"brought…toitsknees“inthefirstparagraph
mostprobablydenotes.
A.forced..tosubmittoit
B.imposed..onit
C.convinced..thatit..
D.associated..withit
18、
Itcapbeinferredfromthetextthat.
A.evengreaterbenefittomanybusinessispromised
B.quiteafewcorporationsshowedinterestsinthe
acquisitionofSkype
C.eBayhaspaidavastsumofmoneyforasmallfirm
D.yourphonewillringwhereveryouareintheworld
19、
Accordingtothetext,manyanalysts'attitudetowardthe
possessionofSkypebyeBayis.
A.supportive
B.persuasive
C.approval
D.negative
20、
Accordingtothelastparagraph,withwhichofthefollowing
statementswouldtheauthorofthetextmostprobablyagree?
A.Almost-freeinternetphonecallsheraldtheslowdeathof
traditionaltelephony.
B.Anotherdataservicewasdeliveredentirelyoverthe
internet.
C.Thetraditionaltelephonebusinesshaveyettoturna
profit.
D.Thedramaticshiftinthete[ecomsindustryhasreceived
littleattention.
21、PartB(10points)
Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.For
Questions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizethese
paragraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelist
A-G.Someoftheparagraphshavebeenplacedforyou.(10points)
A.Demographicdeclineworriespeoplebecauseitisbelieved
togohandinhandwitheconomicdecline.Attheextremesit
maywellbetheresultofeconomicfactors:pessimismmay
depressthebirthrateandpushupratesofsuicideand
alcoholism.But,inthemain,demographicdeclineisthe
consequenceofthelowfertilitythatgenerallygoeswith
growingprosperity.InJapan,forinstance,birthratesfell
belowthereplacementrateof2.1childrenperwomaninthe
mid-1970sandhavebeenparticularlylowinthepast15years.
B.Duringthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury,theglobal
populationexplosionwasthebigdemographicannoyance.Robert
McNamara,presidentoftheWorldBankinthe1970s,compared
thethreatofunmanageablepopulationpressureswiththedanger
ofnuclearwar.Nowthatworryhasevaporated,andthiscentury
isfrighteningitselfwiththeoppositefear:theonsetof
demographicdecline.
C.Governmentshatetheideaofashrinkingpopulationbecause
theabsolutesizeofGDPmattersforgreat-powerstatus.The
biggertheeconomy,thebiggerthemilitary,thegreaterthe
geopoliticalclout:annualGDPestimateswerefirstintroduced
inAmericainthe1940saspartofitswareffort.Companies
worry,too:theydonotliketheideaoftheirdomesticmarkets
shrinking.Peopleshouldnotmind,though.Whatmattersfor
economicwelfareisGDPperperson.
D.Peoplelovetoworry一maybeit'sasymptomofageing
populations一butthegloomsurroundingpopulationdeciines
missesthemainpoint.Thenewdemographicsthatarecausing
populationstoageandtoshrinkaresomethingtocelebrate.
Humanitywasoncecaughtinthetrapofhighfertilityandhigh
mortality.Nowithasescapedintothefreedomoflowfertility
andlowmortality.Women,scontroloverthenumberofchildren
theyhaveisanunqualifiedgood一asistheaverageperson's
enjoyment,inrichcountries,oftenmoreyearsoflifethan
theyhadin1960.Politiciansmayfearthedeclineoftheir
nations,economicpower,butpeopleshouldcelebratethenew
demographicsasheraldingagoldenage.
E.TheshrinkageofRussiaandeasternEuropeisfamiliar,
thoughnotperhapsthescaleofit:Russia'spopulationis
expectedtofallby22%between2022and2050,Ukraine,sbya
staggering43%.Nowthephenomenoniscreepingintotherich
world:Japanhasstartedtoshrinkandothers,suchasItaly
andGermany,willsoonfollow.EvenChina'spopulationwillbe
decliningbytheearly2030s,accordingtotheUN,which
projectsthatby2050populationswillbelowerthantheyare
todayin50countries.
F.Butifdemographicdeclineisnotgenerallyaconsequence
ofeconomicdecline,surelyitmustbeacause?Inacrudesense,
yes.Aspopulationsshrink,GDPgrowthwillslow.Some
economiesmayevenstarttoshrink,too.Theresultwillbea
lossofeconomicinfluence.
G.Thecrucialquestionisthereforewhattheeffectof
demographicdeclineisonthegrowthofGDPperperson.Thebad
newsisthatthislookslikelytoslowbecauseworking-age
populationsWilldeclinemorerapidlythanoverallpopulations.
Yetthisneednothappen.Productivitygrowthmaykeepupgrowth
inGDPperperson:aslabourbecomesscarcer,andpressureto
introducenewtechnologiestoboostworkers'efficiency-
increases,sotheproductivityoflabourmayrisefaster.
Anyway,retirementagescanbeliftedtoincreasethesupply
oflabourevenwhenthepopulationisdeclining.
Order:BisthefirstparagraphandDisthelastone.
22、(42)
23、(43)
24、(44)
25、(45)
26、PartC
Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen
translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)
(46)TheAmericansociologistTalcottParsonsbelievedthat
thetwomostimportantfunctionsofthemodernfamilyarethe
primarysocializationofchildrenandthestabilizationof
adultpersonalitiesthroughmarriageandtheraisingof
children.Hisownconcernwasparticularlywiththe
middle-classAmericanfamily,buttheseimportantaspectsof
familylifearealsoapplicablemuchmorewidely.Inthepresent
contextitisworthwhiletolookespeciallyatprimary
socialization.
(47)Primarysocializationreferstothetrainingofchildren
duringtheirearliestyears,whereassecondarysocialization
referstolaterinfluencesonthedevelopmentofthechild's
personalityandlearningactivities,suchashisinvolvement
withteachersandwithotherchildrenatschool.Primary
socializationisinmostsocietiescarriedoutessentially
withinthefamilyaspartofchildrearing.Inthemodernfamily,
parentstakeresponsibilityforraisingandteachingtheir
childrensuchbasicthingsaslanguageandcorrectbehavior.
Toilettraining,teachingchildrenhowtoeatcorrectly,and
encouragingchildrentogetalongwithothersareallaspects
ofchildrearing.However,itisnotonlythesemo
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