新人教高中英语必修三unit4-space-exploration-知识点-教师

必修三unit4知识点1．determinevt.查明；确定；决定[P40教材原文]However,somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.然而，一些科学家决心帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。(1)determineon/upon(doing)sth.决定(做)某事determinetodosth.决定做某事(表示动作)(2)determinedadj.坚决的；有决心的bedeterminedtodosth.决定做某事(表示状态)(3)determinationn.决心I'msogladtoknowthatyouhavedeterminedon/uponstudyingfurtherinBeijinginyourlastletter.从你的上一封信中我很高兴得知你已决定在北京进一步学习。ThoughTomwasstubborn,theydeterminedtopersuadehimtotraveltogether.虽然汤姆很固执，但他们决定说服他一起去旅行。Determinedtostudyhard,heboredaholeinthewallto“steal”lightfromhisneighbortoreadatnight.决心努力学习，他在墙上凿了个洞从邻居家“偷”光，以便于晚上读书。①ThismadeHannahverysadandevenmoredetermined(determine)todosomething.②Thedetermined(determine)lookonhisfaceshowedthathehadenoughconfidenceinhimself.③I'mdeterminedtoperformwellinthefinalexam,soI'moccupiedinpreparingforit.→Determined_to_perform_wellinthefinalexam,I'moccupiedinpreparingforit.(分词作状语)2．desiren．渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望[P41教材原文]Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的愿望从未消失。(1)desiretodosth.渴望做某事desiresb.todosth.想要某人做某事desirethat...(should)dosth.渴望……(应该)做某事(2)haveastrongdesiretodosth./forsth.迫切要做某事/急于得到某物Shehasastrongdesireforknowledgeandwantstogotocollegeverymuch.她对知识有强烈的渴望，很想上大学。Thedesiretohelpothersmustcomefromthedeepheart.帮助别人的愿望必须发自内心深处。①Wealwaysdesireto_live(live)inpeacewithalltheothers.②Heexpressedastrongdesirethatmeasuresbe(be)takentostoppollution.一句多译：在场的所有学生都渴望上重点大学。Allthestudentspresenthave_a_strong_desire_to_go_to_a_key_university.(desiren．)Allthestudentspresentdesire_to_go_to_a_key_university.(desirev．)Allthestudentspresentdesirethatthey(should)_go_to_a_key_university.3．carryon继续做，坚持干[P41教材原文]Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.这是因为尽管有巨大的风险，人们还是相信继续进行太空探索的重要性。carryout执行；实施carryonwithsth.继续某事carryondoingsth.继续做某事Herbraveryhasgivenhimthewilltocarryonwithhislifeandhiswork.她的勇敢给予了他继续生活和工作的意志(力)。Imyselfwillfirmlycarryoutthisplan.我本人将坚决执行这个计划。①Ifyoucarryonworking(work)likethat,youwillbreakdownsoonerorlater.②Firstofall,themostsignificantthingistosetagoal,workoutaplanandcarryoutyourplanstepbystep.4．signalvt.&vi.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志[P41教材原文]ThissignalledonestepfurtherinChina'splantoestablishaspacestationinthefuture.这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。(1)signal(to)sb.todosth.示意某人做某事signal[(to)sb.]that...示意(某人)……(2)asignalforsb.todosth.某人做某事的信号Whenhecloseshisbook,it'sasignalforeveryonetostandup.当他把书合上时，这就表示该全体起立了。①Thepolicesignaledtothedriverto_stop(stop)hiscar.②Therewasasignalforhimto_continue(continue)．Thebellrang,andsignaledthatschoolwasover.→Thebellrang,which_signaled_that_school_was_over.(非限制性定语从句)→Thebellrang,signaling_that_school_was_over.(分词作状语)5．[P40教材原文]Lookingupatthestars,peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace,andscientistsworkhardtofindanswers.仰望星空，人们总是想更多地了解太空，科学家们努力地去寻找答案。[句式分析]Lookingupatthestars为现在分词短语作状语。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。Orderedoveraweekago，thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。Likeancientsailors，birdscanfindtheirwayusingthesunandthestars.像古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。①Compared(compare)withthewesternmedicine'shighfees，TCMhasareasonablepricethatordinarypeoplecanafford.②Theboybroughthisguitartothestage，wearing(wear)afashionablehatwhichmadehimseemsomysterious.③Thinking(Think)thathissolutionmightbewrong,Icarefullyanalyzedtheproblemandtriedtoworkitoutinadifferentway.6．[P41教材原文]Thisisbecausepeoplebelieveintheimportanceofcarryingonspaceexplorationdespitethehugerisks.这是因为尽管有巨大的风险，人们还是相信继续进行太空探索的重要性。[句式分析]This/That/Itisbecause＋表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为……”。because,why引导的表语从句：because,why可引导表语从句，但because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause(该结构常用that引导)。常用于以下句型：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(This/That/Itis/waswhy...这/那是……的原因。,This/That/Itis/wasbecause...这/那是因为……,Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...……的原因是……))Heoftenrefusestotakepartinsomesportsevents.Itisbecauseheisalwayssoweak.他经常拒绝参加一些体育活动，因为他总是那么虚弱。Thatiswhyhewaslateforschoolthismorning.那就是他今天早晨迟到的原因。Chinaisdevelopingfast.That'swhyIthinkthoseofmycolleagueswhodealwithChinaaffairsshouldvisitChina.中国在飞速发展，那就是我为什么认为我的那些跟中国打交道的同事应该访问中国。Thereasonwhyhedidn'tpasstheexamwasthathewastoocareless.他没有通过考试的原因是他太粗心了。①Theproblemisthatonelesshourofsleepisnotequaltoanextrahourofachievement.②Whatisevenmoreimportantisthattheearthcooleddown,andwaterbegantoappearonitssurface.③Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthattherewasheavytrafficontheroad.Book3unit4languagepoints21．arguevt.&vi.论证；争辩；争论[P44教材原文]Somepeoplearguethatweshouldstopwastingtimeandmoneyexploringspace.有些人认为我们应该停止把时间和钱浪费在探索太空上。arguefor/against据理主张/反对arguethat...(should)dosth.主张……arguewithsb.on/about/oversth.与某人争辩某事argue/talk/persuadeo/outofdoingsth.说服某人做/不做某事Weallfindbothofhisargumentsconvincingandinteresting.我们都觉得他的两个观点令人信服而且有趣。Manyexpertsargueforthebanofridingmotorcyclesinthecity.许多专家主张禁止在城市中骑摩托车。①Itis_argued(argue)thatstepsbetakentomaketheroadsafer.②Iarguethateveryonetry(try)tohelpthoseinneed.(2)一句多译:我们想方设法劝说他接受我们的建议，但都是徒劳。③Wetriedmanywaysto_argue_him_into_following_our_advice,_butinvain.(argue)④We_tried_many_ways_to_persuade_him_into_following/to_follow_our_advice,_butinvain.(persuade)⑤We_tried_many_ways_to_talk_him_into_following_our_advice,_butinvain.(talk)2．makeadifference起作用；做出改变[P44教材原文]Firstly,exploringspacehasalreadymadeadifferenceinthefightagainstworldhunger.首先，探索太空已经在战胜世界饥饿方面发挥了作用。makeadifferenceto...对……有作用/有影响makesome/any/no/littledifference(to...)(对……)有/没作用或影响tellthedifference(between...and...)辨别/区分(……与……)Onlywhenwematchourwordswithactionscanwemakeadifferenceinwhateverwehopetoaccomplish.只有我们言行一致才能对所要做的事情起到作用。Itshowsthataknowledgeoffirstaidcanmakearealdifference.这说明了急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用。①Hannahisoneofmanyexamplesofyoungpeoplewhoaremakingadifference(different)intheworld.②Icannevertellthedifference(different)betweenthetwins.③Whetherhecouldgetsupportfromhisparentsmadeagreatdifferencetotheplan.3．resultin导致；造成[P44教材原文]IthasdirectlyresultedinthemanysatellitesthatnoworbitEarth.它直接导致了现在环绕地球运行的许多卫星。(1)resultfrom由……造成；因……而产生(2)asaresult结果asaresultof由于……的结果withoutresult没有结果；白费(力气)Peoplehavebetteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey'relivinglongerasaresult.相比以前，人们能得到更好的医疗保健，因此更长寿。Thisoftenresultsinpeoplelosingconfidenceintheirdrivingskills.这种情况通常导致人们对他们的驾驶技能失去信心。(2)一句多译：就我所知，这个事故是由他的粗心大意导致的。④AsfarasIknow，hiscarelessnessresulted_intheaccident.⑤AsfarasIknow，theaccidentresulted_fromhiscarelessness.4．providev．提供；供应；给予；规定[P44教材原文]Aftercarefulanalysis,thescientistscanprovideusefulrecommendationsandadviceforfarmers.经过仔细分析，科学家们可以为农民提供有用的建议。(1)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(providesb.withsth.,providesth.forsb.))向某人提供某物provideforsb.抚养某人；供养某人如果您能提供给我更多具体的信息，我将不胜感激。Iwouldappreciateitifyou_could_provide_more_specific_information_for_me/you_could_provide_me_with_more_specific_information.5．effortn．气力；努力；费力的事；艰难的尝试；试图；尽力；有组织的活动[P44教材原文]Asaresult,spacebasedsciencehashelpedfarminginitseffortstogrowenoughfoodtofeedEarth'sincreasingpopulation.结果，天基科学已经帮助农业努力种植足够的粮食来养活地球上不断增长的人口。(1)makeaneffort/efforts/everyefforttodosth.(尽一切)努力做某事sparenoefforttodosth.不遗余力地做某事(2)witheffort努力地withouteffort不费力地，容易地Iamcertainthatwithyourgreatefforts,youwillenjoyacolorfulandfruitfullifehere.我相信有了你的巨大努力，你就会在这里享受多姿多彩、硕果累累的生活。Thetrafficproblemshaveseverelyaffectedeconomicdevelopment,sowemustmakeeffortstosolvethem.交通问题已经严重影响了经济的发展，因此，我们必须努力解决这些问题。Cleanairisveryimportant,sothegovernmentspares_no_effort_to_prevent_air_pollution.干净的空气非常重要，因此政府不遗余力地防止空气污染。6．advanceadj.预先的，在前的v.前进，进展；促进；提前n.前进，进展，进步[P44教材原文]Highendproductsaroundtheworldaremadetoahigherstandardnowbecauseofadvancedtechnologywhichwasfirstcreatedtomeettherequirementsforspaceexploration.世界各地的高端产品现在按照更高的标准制造出来是由于最早为满足太空探索的需要而创造的先进技术。(1)inadvance＝aheadoftime提前；预先makeanadvanceinsth.在某方面有进步(2)advancedadj.先进的；高级的Hewouldcallinadvancetomakesuretherewasn