2017年广东财经大学考研专业课试题613英语水平考试

欢迎报考广东财经大学硕士研究生，祝你考试成功！（第6页共17页）PAGEPAGE6广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试年度：2017年考试科目代码及名称：613-英语水平考试适用专业：050201英语语言文学［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］I.Cloze完形填空（30题，每题1分，共30分）Direction:Thereare3passagesbelow.Readeachofthemandchoosetheproperwordfromthewordlisttofillineachoftheblanksinthepassages.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Passage1Twoofthemostfrustratingthingsaboutdrivingacararegettinglostandgettingstuckintraffic.Whilethecomputerrevolutionis(1)_____tocuretheseproblems,itwillhaveapositiveimpact.Sensorsinyourcartunedtoradiosignalsfrom(2)____satellitescanlocateyourcar(3)_____atanymomentandwarnoftrafficjams.Wealreadyhavetwenty-fourNavstarsatellitesorbitingtheearth,makingupwhatiscalledtheGlobalPositioningSystem.Theymakeitpossibletodetermineyour(4)_______ontheearthtowithinaboutahundredfeet.Atany(5)______time,thereareseveralGPSsatellitesorbitingoverheadatadistanceofabout11,000miles.Eachsatellitecontainsfour“atomicclocks,”which(6)_____ataprecisefrequency,accordingtothelawsofthequantumtheory.A.givenB.preciselyC.poisedD.vibrateE.signalF.measuringG.frequencyH.grossly I.unlikelyJ.orbitingK.locationL.expansionA.givenB.preciselyC.poisedD.vibrateE.signalF.measuringG.frequencyH.grossly I.unlikelyJ.orbitingK.locationL.expansionM.alertN.calculateO.convertedPassage2Morethan30

millioncarsandtrucksnationwideare(1)withdangerously(2)____airbags,congressionalofficialssay,anumberthatraisesquestionsaboutwhethertheUS(3)____industrycanhandlewhatcouldbecomethelargestrecallinhistory.Federalsafety(4)____\o""haverecalledonly7.8

millionvehicles

overthedefectinafewstates,alimitedactionthat(5)____saidThursdaywasvastlyinsufficientto(6)____whattheydeemed“apublicsafetythreat”.Twosenatorsdemandedamuch(7)____recallthatwouldcovereveryaffectedvehiclenationwide.(8)_____arecallofthatmagnitudeincludingbest-sellingmodelsfromHonda,Toyota,GM,Chryslerandsixothercompanies(9)____2002to2007couldprovefar(10)_____thantheindustryhasevermanaged.A.faultyB.strugglingC.broaderD.autoE.logisticalF.butG.authoritiesH.defectiveI.lawmakersJ.addressK.overwhelmedL.greaterM.equippedN.replacementO.spanningPassage3Britainisnotjustonecountryandonepeople;evenifsomeofitsinhabitantsthinkso.Britainis,infact,anationwhichcanbedividedintoseveral(1)__parts,eachpartbeinganindividualcountrywithitsownlanguage,characterandcultural(2)__.ThusScotland,NorthernIrelandandWalesdonotclaimto(3)__to"England"becausetheirinhabitantsarenot(4)__"English".TheyareScottish,IrishorWelshandmanyofthemprefertospeaktheirownnativetongue,whichinturnis(5)__totheothers.Theseculturalminorities(少数民族)havebeenBritain’soriginalinhabitants.Invaryingdegreestheyhavemanagedto(6)__theirnationalcharacteristics,andtheirparticularcustomsandwayoflife.Thisisprobablyevenmoretrueofthe(7)__areaswheretraditionallifehasnotbeensoaffectedbythe(8)__ofindustrialismastheborderareashavebeen.TheCelticracesaresaidtobemoreemotionalbynaturethantheEnglish.AnIrishtemperislegendary.TheScotscouldrather(9)__abouttheirreputationforexcessivethriftandprefertoberememberedfortheirfolksongsanddances,whiletheWelsharefamousfortheirsinging.TheCeltic(10)__asawholeproduceshumorouswritersandartists,suchastheIrishBernardShaw,theScottishRobertBurns,andtheWelshDylanThomas,tomentionbutafew.A.incomprehensibleB.temperC.remoteD.separateE.understandableF.forgetG.generallyH.temperamentI.preserveJ.strictlyK.traditionalL.reserveM.growthN.applyO.belongII.Proofreadinganderrorcorrection改错题(15题，每题2分，共30分)Directions:Thefollowingpassagecontains15errors.EachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofONEerror.Ineachcase,onlyONEwordisinvolved.Correcttheerrorsandwritetheanswersonyouranswersheet.Whatiscorporateculture?Atitsmostbasic,it’sdescribedlike(1)____thepersonalityofanorganization,orsimplyas“howthingsaredonearoundhere.”Itguideswhatemployeesthink,act,andfeel.(2)_____Corporatecultureisawidetermusedtodefinetheunique (3)_____personalityorcharacterofaparticularcompanyororganization,andincludesuchelementsascorevaluesandbeliefs,corporate (4)_____ethics,andrulesofbehavior.Corporateculturecanexpress (5)_____inthecompany’smissionstatementandothercommunications,inthearchitecturalstyleorinteriordecoration,bywhatpeopleweartowork,byhowpeopleaddresstoeachother,andinthetitlesgiven(6)_____variousemployees.Howdoyouuncoverthecorporatecultureof(7)_____apotentialemployer?Thetruthisthatyouwillneverreallyknowthecorporatecultureafteryouhaveworkedatthecompanyfora(8)______numberofmonths,butyoucangetclosetothemthroughresearch(9)______andobservation.Understandingcultureisatwo-stepsprocess, (10)_____startingwiththeresearchbeforetheinterviewandending (11)______withobservationattheinterview.Thebottomlineisthatyouaregoingtospendalotoftimeontheworkenvironment- (12)______andtobehappy,success,andproductive,youwillwantto (13)______beinaplacewhereyoufitfortheculture,aplacewhereyou (14)______canhavevoice,berespected,andhaveopportunitiesfor (15)______growth.III.Gap-filling选词填空题（15题，每题2分，共30分）Directions:Fillinthefollowingblankswiththecorrectwordsgivenaccordingtothemeaningsofthesentences.1. Environmentalistsaredoingeverythingwithintheirpowerto________theimpactoftheoilspill. A.minimize B.belittle C.reject D.reclaim2. Topicsforconversationshouldbe________totheexperiencesandinterestsofthestudents. A.satisfied B.relevant C.concerned D.concentrated3. Theysaidtheoperationhadbeensuccessfulandtheyexpectedhiswifeto________. A.bringabout B.pullthrough C.carryon D.putup4. Wecouldtellthatshewasstill________somethinganditwasourjobtofindoutwhat. A.canceling B.sheltering C.concealing D.settling5. Youarelegally________totakefaultygoodsbacktothestorewhereyouboughtthem. A.assigned B.entitled C.acclaimed D.remained6. HisknowledgeofEnglishis________forthejob,althoughheisnotfluentinthelanguage. A.justified B.reliable C.adequate D.assured7. Thescientistshavebeen________thenecessaryfundsfortheirresearchprogram. A.desired B.neglected C.declined D.denied8. Thereisalwaysa________thatthelegalsystemisdesignedtosuitlawyersratherthantoprotectthepublic. A.confidence B.faith C.deception D.suspicion9. AspokesmanofMinistryofAgriculturesaidthataseriesofpolicieswouldbeimplementedto________thedevelopmentofagriculture. A.demote B.promote C.decrease D.increase10. Adarksuitis________toalightoneforeveningwear. A.favorable B.suitable C.proper D.preferable11. Theforeigncompanyhasbeen________runningthisfactoryfordecades. A.enormously B.effectively C.infinitely D.extremely12. I’mnotsick;________,I’minthepeakofhealth. A.tobehonest B.onthecontrary C.tomydelight D.onallsides13. Bya________ofgoodluck,Gene,whohadbeenburiedintherubbleformorethan26hours,cameoutalive. A.stroke B.hit C.strike D.blow14. Advertisingisanintensely________business.A.competitive B.aggressive C.adventurous D.lucrative15. Shewas_______upsettofindthatshefailedinthefinalexamination. A.somehow B.someway C.somewhat D.somewhereIV.ReadingComprehension阅读理解（30题，每题2分，共60分）Directions:Inthissection,theresixreadingpassagesfollowedbyatotalofthirtymultiple-choicequestions.Readthepassagescarefullyandthenchoosethecorrectanswer.Passage1TheBirthofPhotography【1】Perceptionsofthevisibleworldweregreatlyalteredbytheinventionofphotographyinthemiddleofthenineteenthcentury.Inparticular,andquitelogically,theartofpaintingwasforeverchanged,thoughnotalwaysinthewaysonemighthaveexpected.Therealisticandnaturalisticpaintersofthemid-andlate-nineteenthcenturywereallintentlyawareofphotography—asathingtouse,tolearnfrom,andreactto.【2】Unlikemostmajorinventions,photographyhadbeenlongandimpatientlyawaited.Theimagesproducedbythecameraobscura,aboxlikedevicethatusedapinholeorlenstothrowanimageontoaground-glassscreenorapieceofwhitepaper,werealreadyfamiliar—thedevicehadbeenmuchemployedbytopographicalartistsliketheItalianpainterCanalettoinhisdetailedviewsofthecityofVenice.Whatwaslackingwasawayofgivingsuchimagespermanentform.ThiswasfinallyachievedbyLouisDaguerre(1787-1851),whoperfectedawayoffixingthemonasilveredcopperplate.Hisdiscovery,the"daguerreotype,"wasannouncedin1839.【3】AsecondandverydifferentprocesswaspatentedbytheBritishinventorWilliamHenryTalbot(1800-1877)in1841.Talbot's"calotype"wasthefirstnegative-to-positiveprocessandthedirectancestorofthemodernphotograph.Thecalotypewasrevolutionaryinitsuseofchemicallytreatedpaperinwhichareashitbylightbecamedarkintone,producinganegativeimage.This"negative,"asTalbotcalledit,couldthenbeusedtoprintmultiplepositiveimagesonanotherpieceoftreatedpaper.【4】Thetwoprocessesproducedverydifferentresults.Thedaguerreotypewasauniqueimagethatreproducedwhatwasinfrontofthecameralensinminute,unselectivedetailandcouldnotbeduplicated.Thecalotypecouldbemadeinseries,andwasthustheequivalentofanetchingoranengraving.Itsgeneraleffectwassoftedgedandtonal.【5】Oneofthethingsthatmostimpressedtheoriginalaudienceforphotographywastheideaofauthenticity.Naturenowseemedabletospeakforitself,withaminimumofinterference.ThetitleTalbotchoseforhisbook,ThePencilofNature(thefirstpartofwhichwaspublishedin1844),reflectedthisfeeling.Artistswerefascinatedbyphotographybecauseitofferedawayofexaminingtheworldinmuchgreaterdetail.Theywerealsoafraidofit,becauseitseemedlikelytomaketheirowneffortsunnecessary.【6】Photographydidindeedmakecertainkindsofpaintingobsolete—thedaguerreotypevirtuallydidawaywiththeportraitminiature.Italsomadethewholebusinessofmakingandowningimagesdemocratic.Portraiture,oncealuxuryfortheprivilegedfew,wassuddenlywellwithinthereachofmanymorepeople.【7】Inthelongterm,photography'simpactonthevisualartswasfarfromsimple.Becausethemediumwassoprolific,inthesensethatitwaspossibletoproduceamultitudeofimagesverycheaply,itwassoontreatedasthepoorrelationoffineart,ratherthanitsdestinedsuccessor.Eventhoseartistswhoweremostdependentonphotographybecamereluctanttoadmitthattheymadeuseofit,incasethiscompromisedtheirprofessionalstanding.【8】Therapidtechnicaldevelopmentofphotography—theintroductionoflighterandsimplerequipment,andofnewemulsionsthatcoatedphotographicplates,film,andpaperandenabledimagestobemadeatmuchfasterspeeds—hadsomeunanticipatedconsequences.ScientificexperimentsmadebyphotographerssuchasEadweardMuybridge(1830-1904)andEtienne-JulesMarey(1830-1904)demonstratedthatthemovementsofbothhumansandanimalsdifferedwidelyfromthewaytheyhadbeentraditionallyrepresentedinart.Artists,oftenreluctantly,wereforcedtoaccepttheevidenceprovidedbythecamera.Thenewcandidphotography—unposedpicturesthatweremadewhenthesubjectswereunawarethattheirpictureswerebeingtaken—confirmedthesescientificresults,andatthesametime,thankstotheradicalcropping(trimming)ofimagesthatthecameraoftenimposed,suggestednewcompositionalformats.TheaccidentaleffectsobtainedbycandidphotographersweresoonbeingcopiedbyartistssuchastheFrenchpainterDegas.1.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraphs1and2abouttheeffectofphotographyonnineteenth-centurypainting?A.Photographydidnotsignificantlychangethewaypeoplelookedatreality.B.Mostpaintersusedtheimagesofthecameraobscurainpreferencetothoseofthedaguerreotype.C.Painterswhowereconcernedwithrealisticornaturalisticrepresentationwereparticularlyinfluencedbyphotography.D.Artistsusedthelong-awaitedinventionofphotographyinjustthewaystheyhadexpectedto.2.Accordingtoparagraphs2and3whichofthefollowingdidthedaguerreotypeandthecalotypehaveincommon?A.Theywereequallyusefulforartists.B.Theycouldbereproduced.C.TheyproducedapermanentimageD.Theywereproducedontreatedpaper.3.Theword"authenticity"inparagraph5isclosestinmeaningtoA.improvement.B.practicality.C.genuineness.D.repetition.4.Whatpointdoestheauthormakeinparagraph6?A.Paintingsbecamelessexpensivebecauseofcompetitionwithphotography.B.Photography,unlikepainting,wasatypeofportraiturethatevenordinarypeoplecouldafford.C.Everystyleofpaintingwasinfluencedbytheinventionofphotography.D.Thedaguerreotypewasmorepopularthanthecalotype.5.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph8thatoneeffectthatphotographyhadonpaintingwasthatitA.providedpainterswithnewinsightsintohowhumansandanimalsactuallymove.B.showedthatrepresentingmovementcouldbeasinterestingasportraitart.C.increasedtheappealofpaintedportraitureamongthewealthy.D.influencedartiststoimprovetechniquesforpaintingfaster.Passage2EarlySettlementsintheSouthwestAsia【1】TheuniversalglobalwarmingattheendoftheIceAgehaddramaticeffectsontemperateregionsofAsia,Europe,andNorthAmerica.Icesheetsretreatedandsealevelsrose.TheclimaticchangesinsouthwesternAsiaweremoresubtle,inthattheyinvolvedshiftsinmountainsnowlines,rainfallpatterns,andvegetationcover.However,thesesamecyclesofchangehadmomentousimpactsonthesparsehumanpopulationsoftheregion.AttheendoftheIceAge,nomorethanafewthousandforagerslivedalongtheeasternMediterraneancoast,intheJordanandEuphratesvalleys.Within2,000years,thehumanpopulationoftheregionnumberedinthetensofthousands,allasaresultofvillagelifeandfarming.Thankstonewenvironmentalandarchaeologicaldiscoveries,wenowknowsomethingaboutthisremarkablechangeinlocallife.【2】PollensamplesfromfreshwaterlakesinSyriaandelsewheretellusforestcoverexpandedrapidlyattheendoftheIceAge,forthesouthwesternAsianclimatewasstillcoolerandconsiderablywetterthantoday.Manyareaswerericherinanimalandplantspeciesthantheyarenow,makingthemhighlyfavorableforhumanoccupation.About9000B.C.,mosthumansettlementslayintheareaalongtheMediterraneancoastandintheZagrosMountainsofIranandtheirfoothills.Somelocalareas,liketheJordanRivervalley,themiddleEuphratesvalley,andsomeZagrosvalleys,weremoredenselypopulatedthanelsewhere.Heremoresedentaryandmorecomplexsocietiesflourished.Thesepeopleexploitedthelandscapeintensively,foragingonhillslopesforwildcerealgrassesandnuts,whilehuntinggazelleandothergameongrassylowlandsandinrivervalleys.Theirsettlementscontainexoticobjectssuchasseashells,stonebowls,andartifactsmadeofobsidian(volcanicglass),alltradedfromafar.Thisconsiderablevolumeofintercommunityexchangebroughtadegreeofsocialcomplexityinitswake.【3】Thankstoextremelyfine-grainedexcavationandextensiveuseofflotationmethods(throughwhichseedsarerecoveredfromsoilsamples),weknowagreatdealabouttheforagingpracticesoftheinhabitantsofAbuHureyrainSyria'sEuphratesvalley.AbuHureyrawasfoundedabout9500B.C,asmallvillagesettlementofcrampedpitdwellings(housesdugpartiallyinthesoil)withreedroofssupportedbywoodenuprights.Forthenext1,500years,itsinhabitantsenjoyedasomewhatwarmeranddamperclimatethantoday,livinginawell-woodedsteppeareawherewildcerealgrasseswereabundant.TheysubsistedoffspringmigrationsofPersiangazellesfromthesouth.Withsuchafavorablelocation,about300to400peoplelivedinasizable,permanentsettlement.Theywerenolongeraseriesofsmallbandsbutlivedinalargecommunitywithmoreelaboratesocialorganization,probablygroupedintoclansofpeopleofcommondescent.【4】Theflotationsamplesfromtheexcavationsallowedbotaniststostudyshiftsinplant-collectinghabitsasiftheywerelookingthroughatelescopeatachanginglandscape.Hundredsoftinyplantremainsshowhowtheinhabitantsexploitednutharvestsinnearbypistachioandoakforests.However,astheclimatedriedup,theforestsretreatedfromthevicinityofthesettlement.Theinhabitantsturnedtowildcerealgrassesinstead,collectingthembythethousands,whilethepercentageofnutsinthedietfell.By8200B.C.,droughtconditionsweresoseverethatthepeopleabandonedtheirlong-establishedsettlement,perhapsdispersingintosmallercamps.【5】Fivecenturieslater,about7700B.C.,anewvillageroseonthemound.Atfirsttheinhabitantsstillhuntedgazelleintensively.Then,about7000B.C.,withinthespaceofafewgenerations,theyswitchedabruptlytoherdingdomesticatedgoatsandsheepandtogrowingeinkorn,pulses,andothercerealgrasses.AbuHureyragrewrapidlyuntilitcoverednearly30acres.Itwasaclose-knitcommunityofrectangular,one-storymud-brickhouses,joinedbynarrowlanesandcourtyards,finallyabandonedabout5000B.C..Manycomplexfactorsledtotheadoptionoftheneweconomies,notonlyatAbuHureyra,butatmanyotherlocationssuchas'AinGhazal,alsoinSyria,wheregoattoebonesshowingthetelltalemarksofabrasioncausedbyfoottethering(binding)testifytoearlyherdingofdomesticstock.6.Theword"momentous"inthepassage(paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningtoA.numerous.B.regular.C.veryimportant.D.verypositive.7.MajorclimaticchangesoccurredbytheendoftheIceAgeinallofthefollowinggeographicareasEXCEPTA.temperateregionsofAsia.B.southwesternAsia.C.NorthAmerica.D.Europe.8.Whydoestheauthormention"seashells,stonebowls,andartifactsmadeofobsidian"inparagraph2?A.Togiveexamplesofobjectsobtainedthroughtradewithothersocieties.B.Toillustratethekindsofobjectsthatarepreservedinacoolclimate.C.Toprovideevidencethattheorganizationofworkwasspecialized.D.Togiveexamplesoftheartisticabilityoflocalpopulations.9.Paragraph4suggeststhatthepeopleofAbuHureyraabandonedtheirlong-establishedsettlementbecauseA.theinhabitantshadclearedallthetreesfromtheforests.B.wildcerealgrassestookoverpistachioandoakforests.C.peoplewantedtoexplorenewareas.D.lackofraincausedfoodshortages.10.Accordingtoparagraph5,after7000B.C.thesettlementofAbuHureyradifferedfromearliersettlementsatthatlocationinallofthefollowingEXCEPTA.thedomesticationofanimals.B.theintensivehuntingofgazelle.C.thesizeofthesettlement.D.thedesignofthedwellings.Passage3ChildrenandAdvertising【1】Youngchildrenaretrustingofcommercialadvertisementsinthemedia,andadvertisershavesometimesbeenaccusedoftakingadvantageofthistrustingoutlook.TheIndependentTelevisionCommission,regulatoroftelevisionadvertisingintheUnitedKingdom,hascriticizedadvertisersfor"misleadingness"—creatingawrongimpressioneitherintentionallyorunintentionally—inanefforttocontroladvertisers'useoftechniquesthatmakeitdifficultforchildrentojudgethetruesize,action,performance,orconstructionofatoy.【2】Generalconcernaboutmisleadingtacticsthatadvertisersemployiscenteredontheuseofexaggeration.Consumerprotectiongroupsandparentsbelievethatchildrenarelargelyill-equippedtorecognizesuchtechniquesandthatoftenexaggerationisusedattheexpenseofproductinformation.Claimssuchas"thebest"or"betterthan"canbesubjectiveandmisleading;evenadultsmaybeunsureastotheirmeaning.Theyrepresenttheadvertiser'sopinionsaboutthequalitiesoftheirproductsorbrandand,asaconsequence,aredifficulttoverify.Advertiserssometimesoffsetorcounterbalanceanexaggeratedclaimwithadisclaimer—aqualificationorconditionontheclaim.Forexample,theclaimthatbreakfastcerealhasahealthbenefitmaybeaccompaniedbythedisclaimer"whenpartofanutritionallybalancedbreakfast."However,researchhasshownthatchildrenoftenhavedifficultyunderstandingdisclaimers:childrenmayinterpretthephrase"whenpartofanutritionallybalancedbreakfast"tomeanthatthecerealisrequiredasanecessarypartofabalancedbreakfast.TheauthorGeorgeComstocksuggestedthatlessthanaquarterofchildrenbetweentheagesofsixandeightyearsoldunderstoodstandarddisclaimersusedinmanytoyadvertisementsandthatdisclaimersaremorereadilycomprehendedwhenpresentedinbothaudioandvisualformats.Nevertheless,disclaimersaremainlypresentedinaudioformatonly.【3】Fantasyisoneofthemorecommontechniquesinadvertisingthatcouldpossiblymisleadayoungaudience.Child-orientedadvertisementsaremorelikelytoincludemagicandfantasythanadvertisementsaimedatadults.InacontentanalysisofCanadiantelevision,theauthorStephenKlineobservedthatnearlyallcommercialsforcharactertoysfeaturedfantasyplay.Childrenhavestrongimaginationsandtheuseoffantasybringstheirideastolife,butchildrenmaynotbeadeptenoughtorealizethatwhattheyareviewingisunreal.Fantasysituationsandsettingsarefrequentlyusedtoattractchildren'sattention,particularlyinfoodadvertising.Advertisementsforbreakfastcerealshave,formanyyears,beenfoundtobeespeciallyfondoffantasytechniques,withalmostnineoutoftenincludingsuchcontent.Generally,thereisuncertaintyastowhetherveryyoungchildrencandistinguishbetweenfantasyandrealityinadvertising.Certainly,rationalappealsinadvertisingaimedatchildrenarelimited,asmostadvertisementsuseemotionalandindirectappealstopsychologicalstatesorassociations.【4】Theuseofcelebritiessuchassingersandmoviestarsiscommoninadvertising.Theintentionisforthepositivelyperceivedattributesofthecelebritytobetransferredtotheadvertisedproductandforthetwotobecomeautomaticallylinkedintheaudience'smind.Inchildren'sadvertising,the"celebrities"areoftenanimatedfiguresfrompopularcartoons.Intherecentpast,theroleofcelebritiesinadvertisingtochildrenhasoftenbeenconflatedwiththeconceptofhostselling.Hostsellinginvolvesblendingadvertisementswithregularprogramminginawaythatmakesitdifficulttodistinguishonefromtheother.Hostsellingoccurs,forexample,whenachildren'sshowaboutacartoonlioncontainsanadinwhichthesamelionpromotesabreakfastcereal.ThepsychologistDaleKunkelshowedthatthepracticeofhostsellingreducedchildren'sabilitytodistinguishbetweenadvertisingandprogrammaterial.Itwasalsofoundthatolderchildrenrespondedmorepositivelytoproductsinhostsellingadvertisements.【5】Regardingtheappearanceofcelebritiesinadvertisementsthatdonotinvolvehostselling,theevidenceismixed.ResearcherCharlesAtkinfoundthatchildrenbelievethatthecharactersusedtoadvertisebreakfastcerealsareknowledgeableaboutcereals,andchildrenacceptsuchcharactersascrediblesourcesofnutritionalinformation.Thisfindingwasevenmoremarkedforheavyviewersoftelevision.Inaddition,childrenfeelvalidatedintheirchoiceofaproductwhenacelebrityendorsesthatproduct.AstudyofchildreninHongKong,however,foundthatthepresenceofcelebritiesinadvertisementscouldnegativelyaffectthechildren'sperceptionsofaproductifthechildrendidnotlikethecelebrityinquestion.11.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinparagraph1asbeingadifficultjudgmentforchildrentomakeaboutadvertisedtoys?A.Howbigthetoysare?B.Howmuchthetoyscost?C.Whatthetoyscando?D.Howthetoysaremade?12.Theword“verify”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoA.establishthetruthof.B.approveof.C.understand.D.criticize.13.Cerealadvertisementsthatincludethestatement“whenpartofanutritionallybalancedbreakfast”aretryingtosuggestthatA.thecerealisadesirablepartofahealthful,balancedbreakfast.B.thecerealcontainsequalamountsofallnutrients.C.cerealisahealthierbreakfastthanotherfoodsare.D.thecerealisthemostnutritiouspartofthebreakfastmeal.14.Theword“adept”(Paragraph3)inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoA.responsible.B.skillful.C.patient.D.curious.15.Inparagraph4,whydoestheauthormentionashowaboutacartoonlioninwhichanadvertisementappearsfeaturingthesamelioncharacter?A.Tohelpexplainwhatismeantbytheterm"hostselling”andwhyitcanbemisleadingtochildren.B.Toexplainwhytheroleofcelebritiesinadvertisingaimedatchildrenhasoftenbeenconfusedwithhostselling.C.Tocomparetheeffectivenessofusinganimatedfigureswiththeeffectivenessofusingcelebritiesinadvertisementsaimedatchildren.D.ToindicatehowKunkelfirstbecameinterestedinstudyingtheeffectsofhostsellingonchildren.Passage4MethodsofStudyingInfantPerceptionInthestudyofperceptualabilitiesofinfants,anumberoftechniquesareusedtodetermineinfants'responsestovariousstimuli.Becausetheycannotverbalizeorfilloutquestionnaires,indirecttechniquesofnaturalisticobservationareusedastheprimarymeansofdeterminingwhatinfantscansee,hear,feel,andsoforth.Eachof